jiaidkh

11 16
fY%aKsh mdvu
 lúh hkq'''
 udkjhd ;=< we;sjk ishqï ye`.Sï yd woaaoelSï
rij;aj yd úêu;aj iudc.; l< yels udOH lúh hs'
 c.kakd: m`äjrhdg wkqj lúh hkq zzruKSh wre;a ks¾udKh lrk Yío iuQyh hsZZ

 úYajkd: kï m`äjrhdg wkqj zzrih wd;auh fldg.;a jdlHh lúh hs'ZZ

^jdlHx rid;aulx ldjHx&

 zzlúh hkq n,j;a ye`.Sï ksrdhdifhka u .,d hdu hs'ZZ hkak ú,shï j¾âiaj¾;af.a
u;h hs'

 zzm%n, riúkaokhla iudc.; lrk udOH lúh hsZZ hkak weßiafgdag,af.a u;h hs'

 zzlúh hkq fyd`o u jpk fyd`o u ms<sfj<g fhoSu hsZZ hkak tia'à' flda,ß
a caf.a u;h hs'

 zzlúh wyia úukla fkdfõ cSú;h olsk levm;ls'ZZ lúh ms<n

s `o ud¾áka
úl%uisxyhkaf.a u;h th hs'

wjika ks.ukh f,i udkj ysf;a we;sjk m%n, yd ishqï ye`.Sï rij;aj yd yrj;aj fyd`o u jpk fyd`o u
ms<sfj<g fhdod iudc.; lrk m%n, udOH lúh hkak w¾: .ekaúh yels h'

 isxy, lúh hq. yd ldjH iajNdjh uq,a fldgf.k m%Odk wjia:d 05lg
fnod oelaúh yels h'
fld<U hq.fha m<uq lú mrmqr
fld<U hq.fha m<uq lú mrmqrg wh;a lùyq

► mshodi isßfiak
► wdkkao rdclreKd
► tia'uyskao ysñ wdkkao mshodi
isßfiak
rdclreKd
► mS'tÉ'fmf¾rd
wdosyq fj;s' fï hq.fha lùkaf.a ks¾udK ;=<"
► foaYdNsudkh
► foaYjd;ai,Hh
► foaYdkqrd.S woyia we;=<;a úh'
<ud ldjH ms<sn`oj o fulS hq.fha lùka jeä tia' uyskao mS' tÉ'
wjOdkhla fhduqfldg we;' ysñ fmf¾rd

1
 fld<U hq.fha fojk lú mrmqr
fld<U hq.fha fojk lú mrmqrg wh;a lùyq
► id.r m,kaiQßh
id.r úu,r;ak
l=udr.u
► úu,r;ak l=udr.u m,kaiQßh

► mS'î'w,aúia fmf¾rd
► óuk fm%au;s,l
► pkaø%r;ak udkjisxy
mS' î' w,aúia óuk
► tÉ'tï l=v,s.u wdosyq fj;s' fmf¾rd fm%au;s,l

 .eñ mßirh
 fm%auh
 OkjdoS Ñka;khg úreoaOj
o lú rpkd lsÍu fulS hq.fha olakg ,efí' tÉ'tï' pkaør;ak
tfia u ixjdo lú rpkh o olakg ,efí' l=v,s.u udkjisxy

fy< yjq, lúh

 fy< yjq, lúfha wdrïNlhd

l=udr;=x. uqksodi iQÍka h' /msfh,a l=udr;=x. /msfh,a
uqksodi f;kakfldaka
f;kakfldaka( wßfika wyqnqÿ iQÍka wdosyQ fï
hq.fha úYsIag lúfhda fj;s'
úhrK ms<sn`o oeä wjOdkh fhduq l< fy<
yjqf,a lùka o NdIdj" isß;a úß;a wdos
fkdfhl=;a oE jia;= úIh f,i fhdod .;a y' wßfika wyqnqÿ

ksi`oeia lúfha m%:u ;rx.h

 Pkaoiaj,ska f;dr ldjH ksi`oeia ldjH
f,i ye`oska fõ' fï hq.fha lùyq f,i
► cSS'î' fiakdkdhl cS'î'fiakdkdhl .=Kodi wurfialr

► isß .=Kisxy
► .=Kodi wurfialr lùyq fj;s'
ksoyia lúh f,i o y`ÿkajk fulS ks¾udK ;=<
cSjk h:d¾:h wdos fkdhla jia;= úIhka
wka;¾.; úh' isß .=Kisxy

2
 ksi`oeia lúfha fojk ;rx.h
uy.u fialr iQÍkaf.a wd.ukh;a iu. ksi`oeia
lúfha fojk mrmqr fyj;a ;rx.h ìysúh'

► fudksld rejkam;srK

► r;ak Y%S úfcaisxy fudkssld

rejkam;srK
r;ak Y%S úfcaisxy

► mrdl%u fldä;=jlal=
► ohdfiak .=Kisxy

wdos lùyq fï mrmqf¾ isá;s'

fm%auh(md`Mj( ;kslu( l,lsÍu jeks ufkda mrdl%u ohdfiak
Ndjhka iudc h:d¾:h( iudc widOdrKh( fldä;=jlal= .=Kisxy
mßir j¾Kkd wdosh fudjqkaf.a jia;= úIh úh'

fld<U lúh ms<sn`o

3
 1953 cqks ui 02 Èk ol=Kq m<df;a kdlshdfo‚h" f;,a,Uqf¾ .%dufha oS Wm;
,eî h'

 úfcaisxy wdrÉÑf.a fjda,ag¾ uekaosia úfcaisxy yd fmd,amdf.dv .uf.a

ueKslaydñ hk fom< uõmsfhda jQy'

 fudyq bmoS wjqreoaol=;a ojia úis follg miq uj ñh hk ,os'

 uQ,sl wOHdmkh zkdj, rcfha mdi,ska o" by< f;,a,Uqr úoHd ldka;s úÿyf,ka
o" f;,a,Uqf¾ ÿgq .euqKq úÿyf,ka o ,nd oaú;shsl wOHdmkh Y%S iqux., uOH
úoHd,fhka o" Wiia wOHdmkh zúoHd úIh OdrdfjkaZ .d,a, ßÉukaâ úoHd,fhka
yeoEÍu'

 1975 j¾Ifha úoHd" .Ks; .=re m;aùula iu. z.d,a, kejqï., lKsIaG
úoHd,fhaZ .=rejrfhl= f,i jD;a;Sh cSú;h weröu'

 bka miq fmardfoKsh úYajúoHd,fhka zisxy, úIh ms<sn`o f.!rj Wmdêh o"
le,Ksh úYajúoHd,fhka Y%dia;%m;s Wmdêh o" reyqKq úYajúoHd,fhka wdpd¾h
Wmdêh o ,nd .ekSu'
 fudkrd., yq,xodj iy .d,a, wef,daishia hk úÿy,aj, .=rejrfhl= f,i
fiajh lsÍu'
 miqj ol=Kq m<d;a wOHdmk fomd¾;fïka;=fõ isxy, NdId tallh Ndrj lghq;=
lsÍu" .=re úoHd,fha lÓldpd¾hjrfhl= f,i o" wud;HdxY lsysmhl iyldr
f,alïjrfhl= f,i yd rEmjdysks yd .=jkaúÿ,s iïmdoljrfhl= f,i lghq;=
lsÍu'
 zYsrdks fyauud,s mSßiaZ kï ldka;dj iu. újdy ùu'
 fyd`ou .S mo rplhd" lúhd f,i o iïudk ysñlr .ekSu" rdcH iïudk
/ilska yd zcmka nqkaldZ iïudkfhka o msÿï ,eîu'

 1976 wjqreoafoa fh!jk iïudkj, oS ldjH i`oyd m<uq ;ek ysñ lr .ekSu'

4
 ldjH .%k:
a .S; ix.%yhka
m%:u ldjH ix.%yh  jxl.sß wrfKa ^rdcH iïudk&
 ìh fkdjka whshKaä ^1979&  iqÿ fk`Mu ^rdcH iïudk&
fojk ldjH ix.%yh  fk; ks¨mq,a ^rdcH iïudk&
 jiaidkh ^fmagkaÜ n,m;%h iïudkh&  wd,lukaod ^rdcH iïudk&
;=kajk ldjH ix.%yh  .x.d .S;h ^rdcH iïudk&
 iqn WoEikla ^1989 – rdcH iïudk&  br ngq ;rej ^rdcH iïudk&
 i,a .y hg
 ;re ,l=K
úu¾Yk lD;sh
 uOHu hduh
 uy.u fialr yd iudc h:d¾:h
<ud lD;s ^uydpd¾h iqpß; .ï,;a iu.&

 ie<,sysKsfhda
 rka lsßlg
ckm%h
s .S
 r;= lsls<s  uf.a ìiõfka widmka
 iskaÿ lshk WK m`ÿr  lsre< uq;= ,syS
 pkaø uKavf,a ie;mqK mqxÑ
,sms ix.%yhka idúfha
 ,iaiku wyi yd u;l is;=ú,s  ìïnrla fik. .ejiqK
 lgq.yhg  f,kaÑkd uf.a kx.sfha
 ,shje,
 w;a miqr ckm%h
s .S
 u,a wyqr  Y%S kjlúfha pkafødaoh
 b`ÿjr fmdl=K

 lúhd .=rejrfhl= f,i mqyqKqj ,nd bka miqj m;aùu ,enqfKa fudkrd.,
Èia;%slalfha yq,xod Th m%foaYfha msysá yq,xodj mdi,g h' Èkm;d Tyqf.a fk; .egqKq
yq,xod Th;a" ta ÿIalr .ïudkh;a" tys jdih l< wysxil .eñhkaf.a ÿIalr Ôú;h;a
Tyqf.a mkays| ;j ;j;a uqjy;a lf<a h' ;u l=gï
q Nfhka fjka ù isák r;ak Y%S
úfÊisxyhkag fuu ÿIalr Ôú;h wñysß fkdlf<a Tyq lúfhl= jQ neúks' tu lgql
woaaoelSï .S;hg lúhg k.d ,dxflah ck yoj;g wduka;%Kh lsÍug Tyqg yels úh'
tys M,h wms o N=la;s ú¢uq' tu ks¾udK Tyq iïudkkSh f,aLlhl=" lúhl=" .S;
ksnkaOlhl= njg m;a lf<a h' ;u wdorŒh ìß| yd orejkaf.ka fjka j f.jQ Èúh
ÿIalr jqj o tu woaaoelSï o uqiq lrñka mEka ;=v fufyhù h' bka cks; jQ zzuf. ìijqfKa
widmka˜ hk mo je, .=Kodi lmqf.a iQßkaf.a uqúka .efhkafka .S;hla f,isks'

5
 iqÿ fk¿u flda fidr fndr jefõ
u,a iqj| ÿka uyshx.fka
mqka fmdah od mif,diajfla
u,a fk<d úl=KQ mkaif,a
jejg l¿jr hd jqKd
ixidr ÿl fnda jqKd
fk`ME u,a ál bysreKd
tyd bjqrg md jqKd
mKaä;a wurfoajhka úiska .efhk zziqÿ fk¿u
flda fidrfndr jefõ˜ .S;hg miqìï jQfha o
yq,xodj mdif,ys bf.kqu ,enQ ÿmam;a oeßhla
uqyK
q ÿka fÄokSh woaaoelSuhs' yq,xodj Tfhau
mdù .sh wef.a m%dKh ksreoaO isrer lreKd
rih jEfyk rij;a ks¾udKhla jQfha Y%S
,dxflah ck yoj;a lïmkh lrjñks'

isyska isßfmdo jEyqKd

bjqre fofldmq, fiaÿKd
iqÿ fk¿ï u, oEi msh ù
fuyd bjqrg md jqKd
zzjiaidkh˜g n,mEfõo hf:dala; wkqN+;Skau h' yq,xod Th bfvdarhg is£ hdu;a"
jeis iufha § c,fhka msÍ hdu;a lú weiska olsñka tys iqkaor;ajh o bka tyd .sh
ñksia Ôjk oyu o Th yd ukdj ixl,kh lrñka od¾Yksl m%fõYhla o meÈ fm<
yd noaO lrhs' ldjHuh wkqN+;shg kjuq yevhla yd jákdlula tla lsÍug Tyqf.a
oelau yd Ñka;kh Wolau n,mEfõ h'

idys;H flá m%Yak

01' r;ak Y%S úfcaixs yhka Wm; ,oafoa lskï
.%dufha o@

02' Tyq wOHdmkh ,o mdi,a ;%s;ajh kï

lrkak'

03' Y%dia;%m;s Wmdêh ,nd .;af;a lskï

úYajúoHd,fhka o@

04' fudyq .=rejrfhla f,i fiajh l< mdi,a

kï lrkak'

05' fudyqf.a m%:u ldjH kï lrkak'

06' zjiaidkhZ ldjH lD;sh lS fjks ldjH

.%ka:h o@

07' r;ak Y%S úfcaixs yhka úiska rÑ; fjk;a

ldjH .%k:a ;=kla kï lrkak'

6
08' fudyq msÿï ,enQ úfYaIs; iïudkh l=ula
o@

09' fudyq úiska rÑ; .S; ix.%yhka 03la kï

lrkak'

10'rdcH iïudk ysñ jQ .%ka: 03la kï lrkak'

11' zjiaidkhZ ldjH lD;sh i`oyd ysñ jQ

iïudkh l=ula o@

12' r;ak Y%S úfcaixs yhka úiska rÑ; <ud lD;s

3la ,shd olajkak'

13' fudyq úiska rÑ; úu¾Yk lD;sh l=ula o@

14' ,sms ix.%yhka ;=kla ,shd olajkak'

15' r;ak Y%S úfcaixs y iQÍka úiska rÑ; ckm%sh

.S 03la ,shd olajkak'

16' fudyqf.a ks¾udK osúh ms<n

s `o ,shjqkq
lD;sh l=ula o@

17' zjiaidkhZ moH mka;sh rpkd jQfha l=uk

ld,fha oS o@

18' ziqn WoEiklaZ ldjH lD;sh lS fjks ldjH

o@

19' r;ak Y%S úfcaixs yhka jvd;a ckm%sh jQfha

ljr udOHhlska o@

20' iqpß; .ï,;=ka yd tlaj r;ak Y%S

úfcaixs yhka ,shQ .%ka:h l=ula o@

7
zzTh oE, fodvu¨ h" iqj| nerejd bkag
ks,a j;=r ;=re¨ lr flfia w;yer hï o@
flláhd m÷r iqÿ u,a fmdl=r jvdf.k
fid÷r" kqU jdf.a u yskefyah ud tlalZZ
zzTh oE, fodvu¨ h"
iqj| nerejd bkagZZ
 w;sYh ruKSh ldfjHdala;shls'
 W;afm%alaId,xldrj;a fhÿuls'
 icSj;ajdfrdamKfhka hqla; h'
 ldjHdkqN+;shg wod<j .eñ ni fhdod .ksñka w¾:h ;Sj% lsÍu'
zzTh oE, fodvu¨ h"ZZ
yq,xod Tfha osh l`o by< uÜgug
meñK we;' Tfha fomi fyj;a bjqre
foflys osh l`o jefoñka f.dv
kexfjk y`v lúhd Tfha fojqr
fodvu¨ njg w¾: .kajd we;'
zziqj| nerejd bkagZZ
yq,xod Th fomi .iaje,aj, u,a msmS
iqj`o yuhs' jika;fha wreKe,a,
yq,xod Thg o jeà we;'

zzflláhd m÷r iqÿ u,a fmdl=r jvdf.k zzflláhd m÷r iqÿ u,a fmdl=r jvdf.k
fid÷r" kqU jdf.a u yskefyah ud tlalZZ fid÷r" kqU jdf.a u yskefyah ud tlalZZ
yq,xod Th wdikakfha flláhd m`ÿrls'
 w;sYh ruKSh ldfjHdala;shls' flláhd u,a iqÿ meyefhka hq;= h' u,a
 èjks;d¾:j;a fhÿuls' fmdl=r ord isák flláhd m`ÿr lúhd
olskafka ;ud yd iskyd jk wdldrhls'
 W;afm%alaId,xldrfhka fmdaIKh jQ
fhÿuls' lúfha jdpHd¾:h fuh jqj o èjks;d¾:h
yd;am;ska u f.ayis; fm%auh wdj¾ckh
 f.ayis; fm%aufha mú;%;ajh fiau lsÍuls'
msßmqka nj m%ldYj;a fhÿuls'
yq,xodj mdif,a m;aùu i`oyd meñfKk
úg r;ak Y%Shkaf.a oshKshg jhi jirls'
u,a fmdl=r ord isá flláh m`ÿr ;=<ska
Tyq ish l=gï
q Nh isys lsÍula isÿ lrhs'

zzl=Uqla w;= j;=r w;..d keñ,d Èhg

zzl=Uqla w;= j;=r w;..d keñ,d Èhg
Èh fl<sk yeá mqxÑ ud¿fjda ÿgqjd o@ZZ
Èh fl<sk yeá mqxÑ ud¿fjda ÿgqjd o@
wêl j¾Idj;a iu. yq,xod Tfha j;=r by<
mqr mfia i| tlal ;r.hg fudarkag f.dia fojqf¾ yeoS jeã Th foig nr ù
yq,xod Th lsï o u,ajrj b,auyg@ZZ we;s l=Uqla w;=j, .Efjhs'
zzl=Uqla w;= j;=r w;..d keñ,d Èhg lúhd .eñ niska fmdaIKh lr
W;afm%alaId,xldrfhka w,xldr lrñka th
Èh fl<sk yeá mqxÑ ud¿fjda ÿgqjd o@ZZ lúhg k.d we;'
 W;afm%alaId,xldrfhka msßmqka èjks;d¾:j;a fhÿuls'
 ruKSh ldjHd;aul fhÿuls'

8
 zzmqr mfia i| tlal ;r.hg fudarkag
yq,xod Th lsï o u,ajrj b,auyg@ZZ
 W;afm%alaId,xldrj;a fhÿuls'
 èjks;d¾:j;a fhÿuls'
 ukrï ldfjHdala;shls'
 ck ni fyj;a .eñ niska fmdaIKh
ù we;'
 wmQre woaoelSï újrKhls'
zzmqr mfia i| tlal ;r.hg fudarkag
yq,xod Th lsï o u,ajrj b,auyg@ZZ
u,ajr jQ fyj;a jeä úhg meñKs oeßh msßmqka
h' ,iaik h' ia;%S ,d,s;Hhkaf.ka hqla; h'
c,fhka msÍ .sh yq,x od Th o msßmqka h'
ukrï h' is;a l`M h' yeä oeä h' zzmqr mfia
i`oZZ hk fhÿfuka o yq,xod Tfha msßmqka nj
ixfla;j;a lr we;' fuys zzlsï o u,ajrj
b,auyg@ZZ hk fhÿu ;=<ska wre;a .ekafjk
iajNdj O¾ufha ksh;hla we;'
fudkrd.,''osia;%slalhg''j¾Idj'',efnkafka
fkdjeïn¾ udifha fkdfõ' wld,fha msßmqka
yq,xod Th ms<sn`o lúhd lshd mE whqrehs ta'

zzfifkayh msÍ .sh Tfn khk ks,a fmdl=K
Èh ks,k jeis ifï /,s k.d W;=rd h
;Ur fm;s w;r fy,aue,s f¾Kq jeis jisk
Tfn iskdfjka ksfõ yqKqj .sh f,a kyrZZ
zzfifkayh msÍ .sh Tfn khk ks,a fmdl=K
Èh ks,k jeis ifï /,s k.d W;=rd hZZ
 lú niska fmdaIKh ù we;'
 ldfjHdala;shls'
 èjks;d¾:j;a fhÿï Ndú;hls'
 icSj;ajdfrdamKfhka yd W;afm%alaId,xldrfhka w¾:h ;Sj% fldg we;'
zzfifkayh msÍ .sh Tfn khk ks,a fmdl=K
Èh ks,k jeis ifï /,s k.d W;=rd hZZ
yq,xod Tfhka kslafuk lúhd iyDohd
le`ojdf.k hkq ,nkafka msßisÿ c,h msß
fmdl=Kla fj; h' zzks,a fmdl=KZZ hk
fhÿu ;=<ska fmdl=Kq osfha mú;%;ajh
èjks; fldg we;' lúhd wm%dKsl c,hg
im%dKsl oEia iudk lr we;' jeis iufha
ks,a osh msß fmdl=K msgdr .,d hEu o
ruKSh oiqkls'

zz;Ur fm;s w;r fy,aue,s f¾Kq jeis jisk

zz;Ur fm;s w;r fy,aue,s f¾Kq jeis jisk
Tfn iskdfjka ksfõ yqKqj .sh f,a kyrZZ
Tfn iskdfjka ksfõ yqKqj .sh f,a kyrZZ
;Ur hkq fk`Mï h' fy,aue,s hkq iqÿ udfk,a
 èjks;d¾:j;a moH LKavhls' h' fk`Mï u,a fm;s yd udfk,a u,a f¾Kq jeis
 úh;a niajyr yd .eñ nia jyr jiskakdla fuka osfhys mdfjñka we;' ^wêl
ixl,kh lr we;'
j¾Idj fya;=fjka& .%SIau iufha oeä ysre
 wgf,da oyu jeks od¾Yksl ixl,am rYañfhka úvd jQ YÍrhg jeis weo jeàfuka
biau;= fldg we;'
kj m%fndaOhla iekiSula ,eî we;'

zzfojeg os. lr`oje,a wdrelal= hg ie`.j

zzfojeg os. lr`oje,a wdrelal= hg ie`.j
ks,a l=re¨ ì,s`ÿ ksos" weyerjkafka l=ug@
/f.k foda;g fmrd WKqyqug ysre t<sh
ñysß ujqlsß jf.a fmdjkafkñ kqU,dgZZ
zzfojeg os. lr`oje,a wdrelal= hg ie`.j
ks,a l=re¨ ì,s`ÿ ksos" weyerjkafka l=ug@ZZ
 .eñ nia nyßka fmdaIKh ù we;'
 ruKSh ldjHd;aul fhÿuls'
ks,a l=re¨ ì,s`ÿ ksos" weyerjkafka l=ug@ZZ
kej; yq,xod Th foig yefrk lúhd
yq,xod Th lrd hk fomi ud¾.h úia;r
lr we;' fojeg osf.a lr`oje,a jeù we;'
fojeáka wdrïN ù ud¾. uqÿkska iïnkaO
ù jy,hla fia isák wdrelal= yevhg jeù
we;' wmQre mßir j¾Kkdjls' tu
wdrelal= hg fijfKa l=re¨ megjqka ksod
isà'

9

zz/f.k foda;g fmrd WKqyqug ysre t<sh
ñysß ujqlsß jf.a fmdjkafkñ kqU,dgZZ
 Wmud,xldrfhka fmdaIKh ù we;'
 ir, núka iqfmdaIs; h'
 èjks;d¾:j;a fhÿuls'
zzruKSh jk .efnys fudkrekag ms,a úhk
ikakd,shka fldfydu wekaod o foaÿkak@
jeys j;=r byskjd kï Tjqka úys`Mjg
l=re,af,da b.s,a,S jfrka kqU ud <`.gZZ
ruKSh jk .efnys fudkrekag ms,a úhk
ikakd,shka fldfydu wekaod o foaÿkak@ZZ
 ukrï ldjH ixl,amkdjls'
 ruKSh mßir isÿùula iys;
ldfjHdala;shls'
 W;afm%alaId,xldrfhka'''hqla;
mdGhls'
zzjeys j;=r byskjd kï Tjqka úys`Mjg
l=re,af,da b.s,a,S jfrka kqU ud <`.gZZ
zzjeys j,dl=¿ rxpq l÷ uqÿkaj, ,.sk
±ka tAú ;eks ìug - iS;, hs uf. is;g
jeis ifï ? wef|a isyskhla ù bkak
Tn tkak - b;ska uf. fyg oji ug fokakZZ l`ÿ by;a;dfõ jeys j,dl=`M fudard tk
zzjeys j,dl=¿ rxpq l÷ uqÿkaj, ,.sk
±ka tAú ;eks ìug - iS;, hs uf. is;g
 ukrï ldfjHdala;shls'
 icSj;ajdfrdamKfhka hqla; h'
 èjks mQ¾K NdId Ndú;h
 rEmld¾:j;a nia jyr
zz/f.k foda;g fmrd WKqyqug ysre t<sh
ñysß ujqlsß jf.a fmdjkafkñ kqU,dgZZ
ysre t<sh oE;g f.k ñysß ujqlsß fia
fmdjkafkñ hk fhÿu ;=<ska wre;a
.ekafjkafka lúhdf.a mru ruKSh
wdl,amhls' l=re,af,da ñysß uõlsß
fkdfnd;s' tfia kï fuys woyi l=ula o@
r;ak Y%S úfcaisxy iQÍkaf.a uqúka u mejiQ
joka ;=<ska th wre;a .ekaùfï oS oeä
ÿIalr;dj,ska ñßlS isák fudkrd.,
mdif,a orejkag wOHdmkh" .=KO¾u
keue;s uõlsß ;uka úiska ,ndfok nj
w¾: .ekaùuls'
ruKSh jk .efnys fudkrekag ms,a úhk
ikakd,shka fldfydu wekaod o foaÿkak@ZZ
ikakd,shka hkq we`ÿï uik ldka;djka h'
lúhdf.a kjd;ekg by;a;dfjka fmfkk
ur., lkao uqÿkska osiafjk foaÿkak
fudkrekag ms,a úhk ikakd,sh úiska u
we`o we;s nj lúhd mjihs'
fudkr ms,a l<fò yd foaÿkafka j¾K
ixhq;sh iudkqmd; lrñka f.dv ke.+
ukrï ldjH ixl,amkdjls' foaÿkak mdhd
we;s úg weo yef,k jeys îrñka fkdf;ñ
;ud fj;g tk f,i o lúhd l=re,a,kag
wdrdOkd lrhs'
 ukrï ldjH ixl,amkdjls'
 èjks mQ¾K NdId Ndú;h'
zzjeys j,dl=¿ rxpq l÷ uqÿkaj, ,.sk
±ka tAú ;eks ìug - iS;, hs uf. is;gZZ
nj lúhd olS' tlS j,dl=`M rxpq lr
fm< .iajd l`ÿ uqÿkaj, ,.skakg
i,iajk lúhd W;afm%alaIh uqiq jQ
icSj;ajdfrdamKfhka hqla;j iajNdúl
isÿùu j¾Kkd fldg we;' .;g
fkdoefkk iS;, is;g oekqfka wehs@
ish ;djld,sl fm%aufha úfhda.fhka
fmf<k is;g oefkk iekiSuhs'
10
zzjeis ifï ? wef|a isyskhla ù bkak
Tn tkak - b;ska uf. fyg oji ug fokakZZ
 èjks mQ¾K NdId Ndú;h
 ukrï ldfjHdala;shls
 jfl%da;sfhka hqla; fhÿuls'
zz.sïydkfha .s,ka ù lDYj iqÿue,sj
weÈ we§ bls .eiQ .Õ kej; msßmqka h
ÿIalr h lshd yer hd hq;= o Ôú;h@
lgq fmdl=r ism .ksñ fyg u,la jkq ms‚iZZ
zzjeis ifï ? wef|a isyskhla ù bkak
Tn tkak - b;ska uf. fyg oji ug
fokakZZ
jeiafia wd.ukh;a iu. ÿIalr
m%foaYhl ;kslñka ksu.ak lúhd
fm%auKSh w;S;dj¾ckhl fhfoñka
isà' isyskhla ù fyda isákakg ish
m%shïìldjg lrk ,o werhqula fia
isf;a'
zz.sïydkfha .s,ka ù lDYj iqÿue,sj
weÈ we§ bls .eiQ .Õ kej; msßmqka
hZZ

zz.sïydkfha .s,ka ù lDYj iqÿue,sj

weÈ we§ bls .eiQ .Õ kej; msßmqka hZZ







zzÿIalr h lshd yer hd hq;= o Ôú;h@ zzÿIalr h lshd yer hd hq;= o Ôú;h@
lgq fmdl=r ism .ksñ fyg u,la jkq ms‚iZZ lgq fmdl=r ism .ksñ fyg u,la jkq
ms‚iZZ






11
  my; úpdr m%Yak wms<sfj<g ilid we;' ms<sfj<g ilikak'
m%Yak wxl 01
jiaidkh;a iu. mßirfha Woa§mkh lúhg ke.Sfï § lúhd Ndú; fldg we;s ldfjHdaml%u
wod< lú fm< weiqfrka myokak'
ndOl lïlfgd¨ hkq lgq fmdl=re h' ish,a, yuqfõ ch.%yKh hkq ta fmdl=r u; msfmk u,a h'
zzlgq fmdl=r ism .ksñ fyg u,la jkq msKsi'''ZZ tkï Ôú;hg ióm;u ldfjHdala;sh fuh fkdfõ o@
b;du;a WÑ; ldjH ,laIK Ndú;hla nj fkdwkqudk h'

zzfifkayh msÍ .sh Tfn khk ks,a fmdl=K

Èh ks,k jeis ifï /,s k.d W;=rd h
;Ur fm;s w;r fy,aue,s f¾Kq jeis jisk
Tfn iskdfjka ksfõ yqKqj .sh f,a kyrZZ

ieneúka u lúfha wdrïNh f.k tkq ,nkafka b;du;a wdl¾YKSh f,ig h' tkï jiaidkh;a
iu. yq,xod Th u,ajr ùu" mßirfha Woa§ma;sh jeä lr,Sug iu;a ù we;af;a flfia oehs hkak úuid
ne,Su jà'

Wod (- fudkreka" foaÿkak''''

fï wkqj n,k l, úfÊisxy lúhdf.a ldjH miqìug tla jQ jia;= îch id¾:l lr .ekSug yels
jQ w;r mßirh thg Ôjh tla lr we;s nj;a" lúhdf.a w;solaI ldfjHdala;s Ndú;h th ;Sj%
lr we;s nj;a wmg y÷kd.; yels fõ' fuu moH mka;sh id¾:l ks¾udKhla f,i w.h l< yels fõ'

zzTh oE, fodvu¨ h" iqj| nerejd bkag

ks,a j;=r ;=re¨ lr flfia w;yer hï o@ZZ
flláhd m÷r iqÿ u,a fmdl=r jvdf.k
fid÷r" kqU jdf.a u yskefyah ud tlalZZ

.sïydkfha § we;s jQ ÿIalr;dj ksid .x.dj úh<S f.disks' .s,ka th kej;;a Ôjh we;s jkafka
jiaidkfhka miqj h' .x.dY%s; u,a msmS f¾Kq b;sfrk nj;a Èh msreKq .x.dj /<s k.d W;=rd hk
nj;a lúhdf.a fk; fidrd .kafka fjkia u whqßks' th lúhla njg m;a jQfha flfia o@ úh<S bß ;e¨Kq
yq,xod Th jeis kue;s iskyfjka f,a kyr ksjQ nj;a" fifkyila fjkqfjka Èf,k oEila fuka wdorKSh
jQ nj;a b;du;a wmQ¾j;ajfhka" mßirh iÔù fldg ldfjHdala;s Ndú;h b;d id¾:lj fhdod f.k
we;s nj ;jÿrg;a .uHudk fõ'

r;ak Y%S úfÊisxy lúhd jiaidkh kï jQ ks¾udKh rpkd lrkafka yq,xod Th miqìï lr .ksñka
;u Ôú;fha woaoelSï lúhg f.kyer mdñks'

zz.sïydkfha .s,ka ù lDYj iqÿue,sj

weÈ we§ bls .eiQ .Õ kej; msßmqka h
ÿIalr h lshd yer hd hq;= o Ôú;h@
lgq fmdl=r ism .ksñ fyg u,la jkq ms‚iZZ

ienE Ôú;fha ìß| yd ieñhd hkq wdorfha ixfla;h hs' tneúka iajdñhd ;u ìß| ism .ekSu
fudk ;rï wdorKSh Ñ;%Khla jkafka o@ lúhd jiaidkh;a iu. il%Sh jQ yq,xod Th uq,alr .ksñka
iqmsmqKq flláhd u,a msmSu iksgqyka lrkafka ìß| yd ieñhdf.a ióm ùu ;=<ska h' tkï mdßißl
ixisoaêhla b;du WÑ; mßÈ ldfjHdala;s Ndú;fhka f.kyer oelaùu w;sid¾:l ù we;'

ndOl ueÈka .`. ., hs' l,ska l,g fjkialïj,g m;a fõ' mdßißl ixisoaê iÔù fldg wjidkfha
lúhd iudchg f.k tk mKsúvh l=ula o@

12
 zzfifkayh msÍ .sh Tfn khk ks,a fmdl=KZZ b;du WÑ; ldfjHdala;shla nj fmkajd Èh yels fõ'
;jÿrg;a jeis i,l=Kq lúhg tla lsÍu lúhdf.a NdId Ndú;fha iqúfYaI;d y÷kd.; yels fõ'

mßirfha Woa§ma;sh jeä jQfha flfia o@ fuys § by; lreK idlaId;a jkafka l=ula yryd o@ m%n,
ldfjHdala;s Ndú;h lúhg WÑ; mßÈ fhdodf.k ;sîu id¾:l nj y`.jkakla ù we;'

.sïydk l¾lY bfvdarh .`. frda.sfhla l<d oehs isf;a' ksfrda.S ùug iqÿiq u Tiqj f.k wdfõ
ljq o@ ;jÿrg;a mdßißl isoaêhla iÔù woaaoelSula njg fmrf,kqfha my; mßÈ h'

zzflláhd m÷r iqÿ u,a fmdl=r jvdf.kZZ

ÿIalr;d" ndOl yq,xod Thg meñKsh o" Èfkl weh u,ajrj jiaidkfhka i;=g úÈkakS h' tfia
kï Ôú;hg o w;a jkqfha fï brKu fkdfõ o@ zoyila ndOl ueÈka Ôú;h f.k hd hq;= ñi" w;ay<
fkdfõ'

yq,xod Th j¾Kkdfõ § lúhdf.a fk;a is;a ksrka;rfhka meyer .kafka iajNdúl;ajh hs'

jiaidkh;a iu. mdßißl Woa§ma;sh b;d ;Sj% jk wkaou moH mqrdjg oel.; yels iqúfYaI S
,laIKhls'

m%Yak wxl 02
wmQre ldfjHdala;s ks¾udKfhys,d lúhd olajk iu;a lï zzjiaidkhZZ lúfm< weiqßka
WodyrK foñka meyeÈ,s lrkak'

zz.sïydkfha .s,ka ù lDYj iqÿue,sj

weÈ we§ bls .eiQ .Õ kej; msßmqka h
ÿIalr h lshd yer hd hq;= o Ôú;h@
lgq fmdl=r ism .ksñ fyg u,la jkq ms‚iZZ

fidnd oyug wjk; jQ idudkH ñksiqka ;u is;e`.s lúhg ke.=fõ o wo Bhl fkdfõ' fld<U
hq.fha lùyq fndfyda úg fi!kao¾hjd§ jQy' kQ;k hq.fha fidnd oyug we¨ï lrk úYsIag lùka w;r
r;ak Y%S úfÊisxyhka o m%uqL fõ' ta nj Tyqf.a jiaidkh moH mka;sh ;=<ska uekúka ksrEmKh fõ'

moH wjidkfha § r;ak Y%S lúhd úiska Ôú;hg ,nd fokqfha wukaodkkaohg m;afjñka m%{d m%§mh
fidhd .ekSug wjeis ud¾.h hs' ;u woaaoelSï rij;aj lú lsÍug lúhd iu;a ù we;s whqre fu;=<ska ukdj
meyeÈ,s fõ'

zzTh oE, fodvu¨ h" iqj| nerejd bkag

ks,a j;=r ;=re¨ lr flfia w;yer hï o@
flláhd m÷r iqÿ u,a fmdl=r jvdf.k
fid÷r" kqU jdf.a u yskefyah ud tlalZZ

yq,xod Tfha Èh oyrdj blau jQ yeá; a tys jeä jQ Èh myr;a lúhd j¾Kkd lrkqfha
W;afm%aCId,xldrh u;= lrjñks' Th u,ajr jqkd hk fhÿfuka lúhd jl%j Ndú; lrk whqre ukrï h'
r;ak Y%S úfÊisxyhka fuu moH mka;sh rpkd lsÍfï oS ;u ldjHuh f.;a;u irikakg wmQre jQ
ldfjHdala;s /ila Ndú; lr we;' fuys § Bg m%n, f,i odhl lr.kafka lúhd i;= tl u wúh jk
NdIdj hs'

zzl=Uqla w;= j;=r w;..d keñ,d Èhg

Èh fl<sk yeá mqxÑ ud¿fjda ÿgqjd o@
mqr mfia i| tlal ;r.hg fudarkag
yq,xod Th lsï o u,ajrj b,auyg@ZZ

13
 Th c,fhka msÍ f.disks' fõ.j;a c, myr Th oEf,a bjqre ìf;ys yefmk y`v fkdlvjd wefi hs'
wmg lúhd y`.jkafka Tfha bjqre fol wuq;= l;dnyl fh§ we;s nj hs' zzTh oE, fodvu¨ hZZ hk flá
fhÿu fld;rï w¾: mQ¾K f,i lúhd fhdodf.k ;sfí o@ jeis l,g ;=re,;d wjq;a o¿ ouñka ks,g ksf,a
ire idrhg jefâ' tajdfhys u,a msfma' M, yg.kS' iqr;a ú,sl=ka m,ska nenf<a' u,a iqj|;a oi; yud hhs'
lúhd mjikafka iqj| nerejd bkag hk W;am%di fhÿfuks' fuys § .,d hk Th Èh myr wmQre
iÔj;ajdfrdamKhlska újrKh fldg we;s whqre ldfjHdala;s Ndú;hg lÈu ksoiqkls'

m%Yak wxl 03
r;ak Y%S úfÊisxyhkaf.a jiaidkh lúfmf<ka oelafjk Ôjk oDIaáh l=ulaoehs WodyrK
olajñka meyeÈ,s lrkak'

Ôú;fha ÿlaL fodaukiai .sïydkfha .s,kaj lDIj iqÿue,sj .sh .`. n÷ h' Ôú;h ÿIalrh lshd
Ôú;fhka m,d hEfuka fjk fi; l=ula o@ Ôú;h ;=< u fidïki ;sfí' lgq fmdl=re ism .;a; o fyg
u,la ùu wfma mrudo¾Yh úh hq;= h' fï wdos jYfhka r;ak Y%S lúhd jiaidkh moH mka;sh ;=<ska biau;=
fldg we;s Ôjk oDIaáh uekúka meyeÈ,s lr.; yels h'

zzTh oE, fodvu¨ h" iqj| nerejd bkag

ks,a j;=r ;=re¨ lr flfia w;yer hï o@
flláhd m÷r iqÿ u,a fmdl=r jvdf.k
fid÷r" kqU jdf.a u yskefyah ud tlalZZ

Ôú;h iqkaor fuka u lgql núka o hqla; h' fï wgf,da oyfï iajNdjhls' lúhd zzTfí iskdfjka
ksfõ yqKqj .sh f,a kyrZZ" hkqfjka ta nj mjid we;ehs isf;a' f,a kyr WKqjkafka l¾lI úh<s iufha §
h' tajd ksù .sfha jiaidkfhks' lúhdf.a Ôjk o¾Ykh l=¿.ekafjkafka wjidk moHfhka nj fmfka'

jeis iufha mßirh ms<sn| wmQ¾j Ñ;%Khla okjk zzjiaidkhZZ moH mka;sh yqÿ mßir
j¾Kkdjlg jvd Ôjk oDIaáhla o jHx.j;a lrk ks¾udKhls'

.sïydkfha .s,ka ù lDYj iqÿue,sj

weÈ we§ bls .eiQ .Õ kej; msßmqka h
ÿIalr h lshd yer hd hq;= o Ôú;h@
lgq fmdl=r ism .ksñ fyg u,la jkq ms‚i

fuu lú mka;sfha flakaøh tkï yq,xod Th jiaidkh iu.ska msÍ b;sÍ .,d nisk whqre Ñ;%Kh
lsÍu ;=<ska zzÔú;h jQ l,S .x.djlsZZ hk ixl,amh wkql%uKfhka biau;= lsÍug r;ak Y%S úfÊisxy lúhd
fm%da;aidyS jk wkaou fmfka' lúhd wmj ta wruqK foig jHx.fhka kïk ùug wjia:dj mdod § we;'

zzmqr mfia i| tlal ;r.hg fudarkag - yq,xod Th lsï o u,ajrj b,auyg@ZZ

Ôú;fha iqkaor mlaIh yq,xod Tfha o¾Yk ;,fhka lúhd wm fj;g m;alr ;sfí' fuys § wjika mofha
fid÷r" kqU jdf.a u yskefyah ud tlalZZhk fhÿu tlS w¾:h jvd;a jHx.j;a lrhs' .Dyia: Ôú;fha
ìßh yd i;=áka isàu Ôú;fha iqkaor mlaIh fuhska .uHudk jkafka h' kdUr ;reK úh Ôú;fha
w;sYhskau iqkaor iuh hs' r;ak Y%S úfÊisxyhka jHx.fhka ta nj mjikafka flfia o@ ukrï
ldfjHdala;shlska fkdfõ o@

14