5.

(i) 1

(ii) (1) garment / surface of sofa / hose / cable sheathing / foot wear / tiles / curtains / rain
coats / bottles 1
(2) pipes / bottles / record 1
(For (1) and (2), accept other correct uses of PVC)
(3) No. PVC is a thermoplastic / melts upon heating. 1
(iii) (1) acid rain / damage to the respiratory system 1
(2) washing the flue gas with alkali / water 1
or pass flue gas through scrubber (1)
(3) No. of moles of HCl produced = no. of moles of PVC repeating units
1 000 000
= 1*
12.0  3 + 1.0  3 + 35.5
= 16000 mol 1*
Volume of HCl produced = 16 000  24 = 384 000 dm 3
1

6. (i) 1

(ii) addition polymerisation (†) 1

(iii) durable / water repelling / chemically inert / high tensile strength 1
(iv) (1) Incineration 1
(2) Advantage: reduces the volume of solid waste / converts plastic wastes into energy 1
Disadvantage: release toxic gases (CO / dioxin) / CO2 which is a greenhouse gas /
particulates which cause respiratory diseases (darkening of buildings) / cost to remove
air pollutant from flue gas is high. 1
or (1) Landfilling (1)
(2) Advantage: does not cause much air pollution / produces methane which is a fuel.(1)
Disadvantage: a lot of landfill sites are required / causes underground water pollution
(1)
or (1) Recycling (1)
(2) Advantage: saves petroleum which is a non-renewable energy source / reduces the
volume of solid waste / does not cause much air pollution / can help to conserve plastic
materials. (1)
Disadvantage: difficult to separate PE from other wastes / recycling is energy
consuming. (1)

4
7. (i) 2

(Marks will only be awarded to diagrams showing a correct set-up; 1 mark for the diagram;
1 mark for labelling the direction of water flow in the condenser.)
(Award 0 marks for diagrams showing a closed system.)
(ii) A small flame / an electric heating mantle / an oil bath should be used because kerosene is
flammable. 1
or Heat the mixture in a fume cupboard because styrene vapour is irritant. (1)
or Add anti-bumping granules / pumice stone / sand to prevent bumping / ensure smooth
heating. (1)
(iii) (1) carbon-carbon double bond / C=C 1
(2) 1

(iv) (1) To improve the heat insulating properties of the material. 1

(2) Agree: landfilling causes less air pollution problems. 1
or Disagree: degradation of PS wastes takes a long time / a lot of landfilling sites are
needed / incineration can produce energy. (1)