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525/2
S6 CHEMISTRY
Exam 21
PAPER 2
DURATION: 2 HOUR 30 MINUTES

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SECTION A

1(a). What is meant by the term standard enthalpy of combustion of a substance? (2 mks).
(b). The table below shows enthalpies of combustion of the first seven straight chain
alkenes and first straight chain alcohols.

No. of carbon 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
atoms
Alkanes 700 2000 34000 4700 6100 7400 8800 10200
Alkanols 0 1400 2600 4000 5400 6800 8100 9500
(alcohols)

(i). Plot on the same axes, the enthalpies of combustion of alkanes and alcohols against the
number of carbon atoms. ( 3 mks).

(ii). Explain the shape of the graph.

2). Describe how the solubility product of magnesium hydroxide in water can be determined. (
6 mks)

b(i). A saturated solution of magnesium hydroxide in water contains 1.44 x 10 -4 mols of

magnesium hydroxide per litre of solution at 250c. Calculate the value of the solubility product
Ksp of value of magnesium hydroxide at 250c. ( 3 mks)

ii). Solid magnesium hydroxide was shaken with 0.1 m solution of magnesium nitrate until
equilibrium was attained at 250c.
Calculate the amount of magnesium hydroxide in grams per litre that dissolved.
( 5mks).
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© . Equations of some reactions are given below
AgCl(s) Ag + (aq) + Cl- (ag) K1 = 1.7 x 10-10.

AgCl (s) 2NH3 (ai) Ag (NH3)2+ (Ag) + Cl- (aq). = 1.7 x 10-10.
( 4mks)

(i). Derive an expression in terms of K1 and K2 for the equilibrium constant for the following
reaction
AgCl (s) + 2 NH3 (ai) Ag(NH3)2+ (aq) + Cl- (aq)

II. Calculate the value of equibrium constant in (i) ( 2mks).

3. (a) (i). Outline the chemical process involved in the manufacture of nitric acid. Illustrate
your answer with suitable equations. ( 6mks).

(ii). State two large scale uses of nitric acid. ( 1 mk).

b). Concentrated nitric acid is 70% (w/w) and has a density of 1.42gcm-3. Calculate the
morality of the concentrated nitric acid. ( 3mks)

(c). 12.68 cm3 of the acid (b) was dissolved in water and the solution made up to 250cm3 with
distilled water. Calculate the volume of the solution that would react completely with 25.0cm 3
of a 0.2m Sodium, Carbonate solution. (4MKS.)

(d). Briefly discuss the reaction between copper and nitric acid. Illustrate your answer with
equation. (6 mks)

4(a). Explain what is meant by the term hydrogen bond. ( 5mks)

(b). Describe, giving examples, the effect of hydrogen bonding on the properties of some
compound. ( 15 mks).

5(a). Write the formulae of two ores of copper. ( 1mk).

(b)(i). . Suggest one method by which the ores may be concentrated.( 1mks).

(ii). Outline, giving equations, the process of purification of copper in (i) above. (1 mk)

(c). Name the method by which impure copper is purified. ( 1mk).

(d). 6.53g of impure copper was dissolved in excess dilute nitric acid. The solution obtained
was made to 250cm3 of the solution with distilled water. To 25cm3 of this solution excess
aqueous potassium iodine was added. The reaction that took place is given by the equation.

2Cu2+ (aq) + 4 I- (aq) Cu 2I2(s) + I2 (aq)

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The iodine liberated reacted with 20cm3 of 0.5m aqueous Sodium thiosulphate solution.
Calculate the percentage by mass of copper in to sample. ( 6 MKS)
Cu = 64.

END

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