HUMAN EYE AND COLOURFUL WORLD

STRUCTURE OF HUMAN EYE

• The human eye has the following main parts:
• 1) Sclera:- It is an opaque, fibrous, protective
,outer layer of an eye Conataining collegen
and elastic fibre. it is also known as white of
the eye.
• 2) Cornea:- Transparent and bulged out
convex part of the eye is called cornea. light
enters through this part.
• 3) Iris:- Behind the cornea there is opaque,
coloured and flexible layer present .this layer
is called iris .there is hole between the iris
called Pupil. which control amount of light
entering in the eye by adjusting the size of
pupil(2-8mm).iris is also held by suspensory
ligments
• 4) Eye lens:- Behind the iris there is soft
,flexible,jelly like protein made biconvex lens
this lens is known as eye lens or crystalline
lens.it is held by a connective tissue called
suspensory ligments.
• eye lens has two convex spherical surfaces
radius of curvature of forward surface is
greter than that of bacward surface.
suspensory ligments are connected through
the flexible muscles called cilliary muscles
that can control the size of pupil by stretching
and contraction.
• 5) Retina:- Light sensetive surface of the eye
on which real and inverted image is formed
called retina it contains light sensitive cella
known as rods(responsible for intensity of
light) and cones(responsible for primary
colours).
• one end of the rods and cones is connected
through retina whereas other end is
connected through optic nerve that is directly
connected though the cortex (back part of the
brain) part of the brain.point on retina where
the light sensetive cells are not connected
through optic nerve , brian could not sense
the image therefor this point is also known
asblind spot.and point where the more
number of rods cells connected through optic
nerve bright image is sensed by brian thats
why this point is also known as bright spot.
• 6) Aqueous and vitreous humour:- thick and
transparent liquid between cornea and eye
lens is called aqueous humour wheresas thick
and transparent liquid between eyelens and
retina is known as vitreous humour
organ refractive index
Cornea 1.37
Aqueous humour 1.33
eye lens 1.38-1.40
vitreous humer 1.336
 DEFINATION RELATED TO EYE
• 1) Image formation:- the image form by the
eye lens is real ,inverted and focused onto the
retina.
• 2) Accomudation:- The process of changing
the shape of the lens,and hence adjusting its
focal length to focused the image of the object
at retina is called accomudation of the lens.
Focal lenght
increase,eye
lens is thin

Focal length is
short,eye lens
thick
• 3) Far point :- It is the farthest point up to
which the eye can see clearly.it is infinity for
normal eye.
• 4) Near point:- it is the nearest point at which
the eye can see cleary without any strain. it is
at 25cm for normal eye.
• When the person can not see the objects
DEFECTS
clearly then OF VISION
this discomfertabality is called
defects of vision.
• 1) Near /short sightedness or Myopia:- When
the radius of eye ball is increased and cornea is
curved too steeply than we can not see clearly
the objects at a far distances .this defect of
vision is called myopia.
• Reasons for myopia • Correction:- use
• 1) Elongation of eye ball biconcave lens of
• 2) curvedness of cornea proper focal length.
become too steeply.
• 3) decrease in focal
length
• 4) Far point nearer than
infinity
• 2) Far sightedness or Hypertropia:- When the
eye ball become too short then we can not
see the nearby objects clearly. his defect is
known as hypertropia.
• Reasons for Hypertropia • Correction:- Use
• 1) shortness of eye ball biconvex lens of proper
• 2) increase in focal focal lenght.
length
• 3) Near point farer than
normal near point
 REFRACTION OF LIGHT THROUGH
PRISM
• Prism is the transparent medium bounded by
at least two lateral surfaces ,inclined to each
other at a certain angle called prism angle.
when these two surfaces joined with a third
lateral surface in a triangular manner then this
surface is called base surface. all three lateral
surfaces are joined together by two triangular
surfaces.
• recombination