School of Chemical, Biological and Materials Engineering and Sciences

3rd Quarter S.Y. 2022-2023

ECEA020L

EXPERIMENT #1

Familiarization with Electrical

Measuring Instruments

Submitted by: Date Submitted:03/26/23

Delos Reyes, Krisha Alyssa G.

Prof. Charmaine Paglinawan

 School of Chemical, Biological and Materials Engineering and Sciences
3rd Quarter S.Y. 2022-2023

PDS

I. Setup
A. Measured Data Setup

B. Simulation
 School of Chemical, Biological and Materials Engineering and Sciences
3rd Quarter S.Y. 2022-2023

II. Data
Table1. Measured Data
Trials VL IL PL Given VL/ IL P L / IL2 VL2/ PL
RL
1 20 0.068 A 1.36 473.6 Ω 294.12 294.12 294.12
2 20 0.063 A 1.26 232.2 Ω 317.46 342.66 317.46
3 20 0.092 A 1.84 217.4 Ω 217.39 160.68 217.39
4 20 0.093 A 1.86 217.3 Ω 215.05 157.24 215.05
5 20 0.024 A 0.48 825 Ω 833.33 2361.11 233.33
6 20 0.094 A 1.88 217.1 Ω 212.77 153.92 212.77
7 20 0.021 A 0.42 980 Ω 952.38 3083.9 952.38
8 20 0.095 A 1.9 98.2 Ω 210.53 150.69 210.53
9 20 0.017 A 0.34 1177 Ω 1176.47 4705.88 1176.47
10 20 0.004 A 0.08 4608 Ω 5000 8500 5000

Table 2. Simulated Data

Trials VL IL PL Given VL/ IL P L / IL2 VL2/ PL
RL
1 20 0.04223 A 0.8446 473.6 Ω 473.60 473.60 473.60
2 20 0.08613 A 1.7226 232.2 Ω 232.2 232.2 232.2
8 20 0.20367 A 4.0734 98.2 Ω 98.198 98.198 98.198

III. Questions and Problems

1. Describe the type of meter movement used in analog meters.
Analog meters are usually used in measuring the current flowing across the
circuit and components. The meter movement of analog meters can be
classified as D’Arsonoval/Weston type of movement found usually found in
galvanometer. Electromagnetism occurred in the coil of the meter produces
 School of Chemical, Biological and Materials Engineering and Sciences
3rd Quarter S.Y. 2022-2023

torque that leads to the rotation of spindle and identifying the measurement
of current (Instrumentation and Control Engineering, 2012).
2. What device is used to extend the range of a DC ammeter and how is it
connected to the basic meter?
A resistor with suitable amount of resistance (usually low) is attached in the
meter through parallel connection.
3. What device is used to extend the range of a DC voltmeter and how is it
connected to the basic meter?
A resistor with suitable amount of resistance (usually high) is attached in the
meter through series connection.
4. Why is it necessary that an ammeter be a low resistance instrument? Why
must a voltmeter be a high resistance instrument?
The low resistance in ammeter avoids alternate current which aids in
obtaining more accurate values. On the other hand, high resistance in
voltmeter is necessary in measuring the voltage flowing in a circuit and a key
aspect in identifying voltage rise and drop.
5. What type of basic meter is configured as a wattmeter?
An induction wattmeter
6. Two 150V voltmeters are being compared; meter A had 5KΩ/V while meter
B has a total meter resistance of 750KΩ . Which is the more sensitive meter?
Why?
Both of meters are equal in sensitivity based on the potential difference
across galvanometer. The solution below proves this claim:
 School of Chemical, Biological and Materials Engineering and Sciences
3rd Quarter S.Y. 2022-2023

7. What current is required for full scale deflection of a galvanometer having

a current sensitivity of 50 µA per scale division? The meter has exactly 50
divisions on either side of the mid-scale index.

8. What potential difference appears across the galvanometer described in

problem 6 when the pointer is fully deflected? The meter resistance is 10Ω.

9. Determine the series resistance needed to convert a galvanometer to a

voltmeter reading 15V on full scale deflection if a current of 2.5mA causes
full scale deflection and the resistance of the coil is 10Ω.

10.Determine the shunt resistance needed to convert a galvanometer to an

ammeter with a full scale reading of 10A if the scale requires 2.5mA to cause
full deflection with a coil resistance of 10Ω.
 School of Chemical, Biological and Materials Engineering and Sciences
3rd Quarter S.Y. 2022-2023

IV. Interpretation
Working in the laboratory requires knowledge of experiments' instruments,
apparatus, and theories. The Electrical engineering laboratory contains electrical
components that are used to build circuits. In this experiment, we are tasked to
familiarize one of the most critical parts of a course: resistors. Resistor is a passive
electrical component that resists the current flow in a circuit (Tech Target, 2023).
Ten resistors are tested in this experiment, each with a different resistance. The
measured values calculate the power consumed and resistance through the below
formulas.
Power consumed: PL= VL* IL
Resistance: RL = VL/ IL ; P L/ IL2 ; VL2/ PL
A constant value for volts is used throughout the experiment; however,
current and power vary on resistance amount. The minimum resistance recorded
is from the 6th resistor with 217.1 Ω, while the maximum is detected from the
10th resistor with 4608 Ω. An inversed relationship between the current and
resistance can be observed since the resistor with the highest value has the lowest
current and vice versa. The calculated value for resistance using three different
formulas resulted in approximate weights except for some trials that were re-
evaluated using a simulation. Faulty setup and damaged components are the
possible reasons for the discrepancy in some measured data. Furthermore, the
simulation aids in attaining the experiment's primary objective of demonstrating
power, current, voltage, and resistance by providing data without error.
 School of Chemical, Biological and Materials Engineering and Sciences
3rd Quarter S.Y. 2022-2023

V. Conclusion
• The observation made in this experiment aids in strengthening
knowledge on proper connection of common electrical measuring
device.
• Using different measuring devices, we were able to determine the
techniques and reading values properly.
• The entire experiment demonstrated the fundamental concepts in
basic electrical engineering and provides support on the familiarization
of electrical components.
VI. References
Tech target (2023). What is resistor.
https://www.google.com/search?q=what+is+resistor+in+electronics&rlz=
1C1ONGR_enPH1003PH1003&oq=what+is+resistor&aqs=chrome.1.69i57j0i
512l9.4687j0j7&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8
Instrumentation and Control Engineering (2012). D’Arsonval Movement
(Electrical Analog
Meter).https://instrumentationandcontrollers.blogspot.com/2012/06/darsonva
l-movement-electrical-analog.html