‫ﺗﻘﺮﯾﺮ ﻧﻤﻮذﺟﻲ‬

Electronics II
Laboratory

Exp. No. 9
Logic gates
Discussion
1. Comment on your results

A logic gate is an elementary building block of a digital circuit. Most logic

gates have two inputs and one output. At any given moment, every terminal is
in one of the two binary conditions low (0) or high (1), represented by
different voltage levels. In most logic gates, the low state is approximately zero
volts (0 V), while the high state is approximately five volts positive (+5 V).
The AND gate is so named because the gate acts in the same way as the logical
"and" operator. The output is "1" when both inputs are "1" otherwise, the output
is "0".
The OR gets its name from the fact that it behaves after the fashion of the logical
inclusive "or." The output is "1" if either or both of the inputs are "1" If both
inputs are "0" then the output is "0”.
A logical inverter, sometimes called a NOT gate to differentiate it from other
types of electronic inverter devices, has only one input. It reverses the logic
state.
The NAND gate operates as an AND gate followed by a NOT gate. It acts in the
manner of the logical operation "and" followed by negation. The output is "0" if
both inputs are "1" Otherwise, the output is "1”.
The NOR gate is a combination OR gate followed by an inverter. Its output is
"1" if both inputs are "0" Otherwise, the output is "0".

2. Give some applications for logic circuit

The applications of logic circuits are countless. However, some very common
applications include temperature control units, security systems,
Printer I.C., Power management I.C., Disk Drive read-write I.C., Inside thumb
drive electronics, Automotive (GM) courtesy light, F14 electronics to control
and make early warning counter measure decisions. Agile RADAR aircraft
antenna system, control for an electronic automatic RF attenuator. Used in
nearly every integrated circuit that I have ever designed. Using for Speed
control, Robotics, Multiplexers, flip-flops, inverters in microcontroller based
projects. Control circuitry in a telephone exchange.
3. By using electronic circuit, design a circuit to produce output

a. Y= AB + C
b. Y= A + B

a. When Y= AB + C

A B C Y
0 0 0 0
0 0 1 1
0 1 0 0
0 1 1 1
1 0 0 0
1 0 1 1
1 1 0 1
1 1 1 1
b. When Y= A + B

A B Y
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 1
The Results for this Experiment:

1- And Gate (Y=AB)

A B Y
0 0 0
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 1
The truth table for Fig. (1) Transistor AND Gate

2- OR Gate (Y=A+B)
A B Y
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 1
The truth table for Fig. (2)Transistor OR Gate

3- NOT Gate (Y=Ᾱ )

A Y
0 1
1 0
The truth table for Fig. (3)Transistor NOT Gate

4- NAND Gate (Y= )

A B Y
0 0 1
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 0
The truth table for Fig. (4) Transistor NAND Gate

5- NOR Gate (Y= )

A B Y
0 0 1
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 0
The truth table for Fig. (5) Transistor NOR Gate