1 Carbon and its Compounds

1. Maximum angle strain is obtained when the two H H OH H

carbon atoms are linked by more than three covalent
or H¾C¾C¾C¾C¾H
bonds, thus it is not formed.
2. (i) H H H H
12. Covalent compounds like urea, do not conduct
N N ÞN
electricity in aqueous solution. In contrast ionic
N
compounds like potassium chloride can conduct
electricity in aqueous solution.
Thus, N 2 contains triple bond.
13. Oxygen (8) has 6 electrons in its outermost shell. It
(ii) Among the given compound Cl 2 and N 2 are shares two electrons with another atom of oxygen,
covalent compound. While NaCl is ionic making a molecule of oxygen.
compound.
As a result of which oxygen gets 8 electrons in its
3. Atomic mass of C = 12 outermost shell and a double bond is formed.
Molecular mass of allotrope of C = 720
720 O O O O ÞO O
\ Number of C-atoms = = 60
12 Oxygen Atoms
Oxygen molecule
Thus, C 60 is the formula of given allotrope and its
name is Buckminster fullerene. 14. (i) I. C 3H 8O contains alcoholic functional groups.
4. Carbon atom has 4 electrons in its outermost shell. (ii) II. C 3H 6O 2 contains carboxylic acid functional
It needs 4 more electrons to complete its octet. group.
Therefore, carbon is tetravalent. Their structures are as follows
H H H
5. They are generally covalent compounds.
½ ½ ½
They show isomerism. H ¾ C ¾ C ¾ C ¾ OH
6. Propene and propyne are unsaturated hydrocarbons. ½ ½ ½
H H H
7. Three hydrocarbons are possible by joining two (An alcohol)

carbon atoms. These are ethane, ethene, ethyne. H H O

8. In the given compound (i) ¾ COOH (carboxylic ½ ½ ½½
H¾ C¾ C¾ C ¾ O¾ H
group) is the functional group and in ½ ½
O
H H
½½ (A carboxylic acid)
(ii) ¾ C ¾ (ketone) is the functional group.
(ii) No, (I) and (II) are not isomers. Isomers are the
9. C 3H 6 and C 4H 8 are the 2nd and 3rd member of organic compounds with same molecular
the homologous series where the first member is formula but different chemical and physical
ethene. properties. But, here molecular formula of (I) and
10. (II) are different.
H
15. Methane is a hydrocarbon having molecular formula
H C C H CH 4 .
H
H
Electron dot structure of CH3CHO H C H

H H H
½ ½ ½ H
11. H 3C ¾ C ¾ C ¾ C ¾ OH
½ ½ ½ Electron dot structure of methane
H H H Covalent bonds are formed in this compound.