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Diapositivas Del Primer Video
Diapositivas Del Primer Video
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• The Highest Level
• Made up of organ systems
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Principal organs: Principal organs: Principal organs:
Skin, hair, nails, Bones, cartilages, Skeletal muscles
cutaneous glands ligaments
Principal functions:
Principal functions: Principal functions: Movement, stability,
Protection, water retention, Support, movement, communication, control
thermoregulation, vitamin protective enclosure of of body openings, heat
D synthesis, cutaneous viscera, blood formation, production
sensation, nonverbal mineral storage,
communication electrolyte and acid–base
balance
3
• Made up of different types of __________
TISSUES
4
• Made up of __________
MOLECULES
• Made up of ___________
ATOMS
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Organism
Tissue
Organ system Organ
Cell
Macromolecule
Organelle
Atom
Molecule
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Normal
Normal
• __________________
– differentiation and growth
• __________________
– producing copies of themselves; pass genes to offspring
• __________________
– mutations: changes in genetic structure
• __________________ composition
– living matter is always compartmentalized into one or
more cells
• __________________ and movement
– sense and react to stimuli
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• All the chemical reactions that occur in
the body
– Building reactions
• ____________
– Breaking reactions
• ____________
8
• Body senses a change and activates mechanisms to reverse it
– dynamic equilibrium
• Because feedback mechanisms alter the original changes that
triggered them (temperature, for example), they are called
feedback loops 1 Room temperature
fallsto66°F(19°C)
C10°
15°20°25°
6 Room cools down
F50°
60°70°80°
2 Thermost atactivates
furnace
C10°
15°20°25°
F50°
60°70°80°
5 Thermostat shuts
off furnace
4 Room temperature
rises to 70°F (21°C)
3 Heat output
75
Furnace turned
off at 70 oF
Room temperature (oF)
70
Set point 68 oF
65
Furnace turned
on at 66 oF
60
Time
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Sweating
Vasoconstriction
36.5 oC
(97.7
oF)
Time
Shivering
Person rises
from bed
Blood pressure rises Blood drains from
to normal; homeostasis upper body, creating
is restored homeostatic imbalance
Cardiac center
accelerates heartbeat Baroreceptors above
heart respond to drop
in blood pressure
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• Self-amplifying cycle
– Leads to _____________________ in the same
direction
– Feedback loop is repeated—change produces
more change
• Normal way of producing rapid changes
– Occurs with childbirth, blood clotting, protein
digestion, fever, and generation of nerve signals
3 Brain stimulates
pituitary gland to
secrete oxytocin
4
Oxytocin stimulates uterine
2 Nerve impulses contractions and pushes
from cervix fetus toward cervix
transmitted
to brain
1 Head of fetus
pushes against cervix
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• Anatomical position
• Planes of section
• Directional terms
• Regions of the body
• Body cavities and membranes
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• Planes are imaginary flat surfaces
passing through the body
– sections are anatomical views if body is
cut on a plane
• ____________
– divides body into right and left halves
• ________
– divides body into front & back portions
• ___________
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Sagittal Frontal Transverse
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• Different meanings for humans and animals
– Anterior surface of human is surface of chest & belly
• anterior in a four-legged animal is the head end
– __________ surface of human is back side
• posterior in a four-legged animal is the tail end
• belly-side - __________
• backside - __________
• In humans Anterior is the same as Ventral
• In humans Posterior is the same as Dorsal
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Cephalic r. (head)
Facial r. (face)
Antebrachial r. Abdominal r.
(forearm)
Inguinal r. (groin)
Carpal r. (wrist)
Pubic r.:
Mons pubis
Palmar r. (palm)
External genitalia:
Penis
Lower limb: Scrotum
Coxal r. (hip) Testes
Patellar r. (knee)
Lower limb:
Femoral r. (thigh)
Crural r. (leg)
Tarsal r. (ankle)
Pedal r. (foot):
Dorsum
Plantar surface
(sole)
(a) Anterior (ventral) (b) Anterior (ventral)
Cranial r.
Nuchal r.
(back of neck)
Interscapular r.
Scapular r.
Vertebral r.
Lumbar r.
Sacral r.
Gluteal r.
(buttock)
Dorsum of hand
Perineal r.
Femoral r.
Popliteal r.
Crural r.
Tarsal r.
Calcaneal r.
(heel)
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Quadrants
Stomach
Right Left
upper upper 10th rib
quadrant quadrant
Right Left
Anterior
lower lower
superior
quadrant quadrant
spine
(a) (b)
Regions
Liver
Hypochondriac Epigastric
region Gallbladder
region
10th rib
Subcostal line
(c) (d)
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• The area between the lungs - ______________
– contains heart, major blood vessels, esophagus, trachea &
thymus
• __________ cavities hold the lungs
• Membranes
– visceral and parietal pleura cover lungs & line rib cage
– visceral and parietal pericardium cover heart & line
pericardial sac
18
• Brim of the pelvis separates abdominal from pelvic cavity
contains GI tract, kidneys & ureters
contains rectum, bladder, urethra &
reproductive organs
• Membranes = visceral & parietal __________
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