SUBJECT: BASIC SCIENCE

TOPIC: JOINT,MUSCLES AND

BONES
 EXPLANATION OF JOINT

• A joint is where two or more bones meet. There are

movable and non-movable joint.
• Movable joint; there are two types of movable joint.
Those that produce little movement, and those that
produce a lot of movement.
• Non movable joint; these are joint found in the skull.
 JOINT OF LITTLE MOVEMENT

1.Gliding joint in the wrist.

2.Pivot joint found in the neck.
3. Hinge joint found in the kneels, elbow, finger, and
toes.
 JOINT WITH A LOT OF MOVEMENT

▪ The ball and socket joint.

▪It allow movement in all direction, these are joint in
the shoulder girdle and the joint in pelvic (hip)girdle.
 STRUCTURE OF JOINT

1. The ligament which join the bones together.

2.The cartilage covering bones surface preventing
friction.
3.The synovial fluid in the synovial membrane that
prevent friction.
 MUSCLES
• muscles formed the flesh of the body that cover the bones. There are two
type of muscles these are;
1. voluntary or skeletal muscles; these are responsible for the movement of
the limbs at well.
2. Involuntary muscles; these are responsible for involuntary movement
within the body e.g. peristaltic movement of food along the alimentary canal.
• The heart muscles(cardiac) are in between the voluntary and involuntary
muscles. The contraction is not controlled by the brain. The heart muscles
are responsible for the contraction of the heart.
 BONES
• the bones in various parts of the body have different
shapes, sizes and other features because of the
different functions they perform.
 Functions of bones
I. Most small holes in the bones allow blood vessels and nerves to pass
through them. The big holes in the bones of the spine provide passage for
the spinal cord.
II. Bones protect delicate organs. For example, the skull protects the brain; the
ribs protect the lungs and the heart.
III.Bones provide places where muscles are attached. They also determine the
type of movement the bones can make.
IV.The fusing of the two hips bones into one large bone allows it carry the
whole body.
V. The bones of the thigh and legs are long and hallow. These make them just
as strong as solid bones, but light enough for locomotion.