SETS, RELATIONS

AND FUNCTIONS
4. In a school, 50% students play (a) Let U be the set and A, Band C are
2019 ()D cricket and 40% play football. If
10% of students play both thze
the subset of U.
We knowthat, Au(An B) = A,

1. Let S={2,4,6,8,..,20} games, then what per cent of So option (a) is not correct.
students play neither cricket nor An(AUB) = A, so option (b) is
What are the maximum number football? coTect.
of subsets of S? (b) 15% (An B)uC = (AuC)n(BUC)
(a) 10% (d) 25%
(c) 20%
(a)10 (b) 20 so option (c) is correct.
(c) 512 (d) 1024 C ) Students, who play cricket = 50% and (A u B)oC = (AnC)u(BnC)
d S ={2,4,68 20 Students, who play football = 40%
so option (d) is correct.
Here, number of elements of set Students who play both games 10%
S 10(n) Students who play only cricket
Maximum number of subsets of set
S 2 210
50 10=40%
Students who play only football
(2019 ()
= 1024 7. Suppose X = {1,2,3,4} and Ris
40 10 = 30%
2. Let AUB= Total students who play any game a relation on X. If
= 40+ 30+10 80% R {(1,1), (2,2), (3,3).(1,2), (2,1),
{r|(r-a)(x -b)>0, where
a<b}. What are A and B equal
:Students who play neither cricket nor (2,3). (3,2)}, then which one of
football=100 80=20% the following is correct?
to?
aA { > a} and B= {r> b} 5. If a set A contains 3 elements (a) R is reflexive and symmetric, but
(b) A = { r < a } and B = { r > b } and another set B contains not transitive
A {dr<a} and B {qx < b} 6 elements, then what is the (b) R is symmetric and transitive, but
) A = {dr> a} and B = {dx< b} not reflexive
minimum number of elements
(c) R is refexive and transitive, but not
C) LetAUB={ :(r -a)lr - b)> 0 that (A U B) can have?
symmetric
where a< b}. (a) 3
(d) R is neither reflexive nor transitive,
lt is possible if x - a< 0andx -
b<0 (c)8 c) 9
but symmetric
< b b ) nA) =3 n(B) = 6
or x<aand z ( d ) We have, X = {1.2,3 4
A = {x:r<a} and B ={x :x < b} The minimum number of elements in
3. If A={r:0<x2} and AuB 6 R {(1.1).(2, 2), (3,3).
i.e AUB)=6 (1).(2, 1), (2, 3),(3,2)}
B={y:y is a prime number}, (because max n{A nB) = 3 Since,(4, 4) £R,
thenwhat is AnB Hence, A is not reflexive.
equal to? 6. If A, B and C are subsets of a
Since. (1,2) e R. (2, 3) e R but
(b) {1}
c) i2} (d) {1, 2} given set, then which one of (1. 3) e A, R is not transitive.
the following relations is not (1, 2). (2, 3) eR
c ) A = {x:0s r S2) = {0 1 2
correct? and also (2, 1). (3, 2) eR
and B{y:yis a prime number} (a) Au(AoB) =AuB R is symmetric.
6) An(AUB) = A
= {2.3,5,7,11. Hence, R is neither reflexive nor
:An B= {Q 1,2} n{2, 357,1,. (c) (AnB)uC=(AuC)n(BuC) transitive but symmetric.
= {2}
() (AuB)nC ={AnC)u(BnC)
 then the
8. A relation R is defined on the 10. Consider the following 12. If A={N,{A,4}},
set N of natural numbers as set of A is
statements for the two Power

xRy* -4xy +3y =0. Then, non-empty sets A and B. (a) (ofA} {2,4}}
which one of the following is (b) 0,{0}.{2,4} {a,{A,H}}}
correct?
1.(AnB) u(AnB)u{A nB) (c) (0,(2}{A4}.{A,{A4}}}
AUB
(a) R is reflexive and symmetric, but (d){4)4,A}{2{,4}}}
2. (Au(An B) = AuB 4}}
not transitive b ) We have, A = { {A,
(6) R is refiexive and transitive, but not Which of the above statements
symmetric is/are correct? 14) Read
Nos. 13 andand
(c) R is refiexive, symmetric and (a) Only 1 b) Only 2 Directions (Q.
transitive (c) Both 1 and 2 nor 2
(d) Neither 1 the information carefully
(d) R is reflexive, but neither symmetric
a ) We have, answer thegiven questions.
nor transitive In a school, all the students play
1.(An B) u(AnB) u(An B) =AuB
(c) Given,aAyr-4xy + 3y =0 LHS=(An B) u(A nB) u(A nB) atleast one of three indoor games-
tennis.
For reflexive
={A n(BUB)} u(An8) chess, carrom and table
xAx 4x2+3x2=0 60 play chess, 50 play table tennis,
[by distributive property] and
So. (x, a)eR,VxEN 48 play carrom, 12 play chess
Hence, R is reflexive.
= (AnU)u(AnB) carrom, 15 play carrom and table
F BUB=U1 tennis,20 play table tennis and chess.
Forsymmetric AuAnB)
cRy*- 4xy + 3y2 =0 13. What can be the minimuum
(A u A)n(AUB)
yRx - 4xy + 32
UnAUB) number of students in the school?
It is not clear, that y 43y + 3xis (a) 123 (b) 111 (c) 95 (d) 63
AUB RHS
equal to zero or not.
Hence, 1 is correct. b) Let
ie. ( . yeR but (y, 1)eR-Va.yeN . 2. Au(AnB)= AuB
Hence, R is not symmetric.
A Student play chess
LHS=Au (AnB) B Student play table tennis
For transitive = (Au A)n(AB) C Student play carrom
c R y x - 4xy + 3y = 0
yRz -4y2 + 3=0 (let) =Un(AU B) Given, nA) 60.nB) 50, n(C) = 48
xRz - 4x2+32 AuB# AUB n(AnB) 20,n(Bn C)=15
t is not clear, that x - 4x2+ 3z is Hence, 2 is false. AnC)=12
equal to zero or not. Only 1 is correct For minimum number of students in
So, (z, y) ER,(y,z)ER
{x, 2) ¬ R Vx, y, zeN 11. Let X be anon-empty set and school
Hence, R is not transitive.
let A; B, Gbe subsets of X. n
(AnBnC)must be zero.
9. If A={reZ:r-1=0} and Considef the following statements. nAUBUC)= n{A)+ n[B) + n(C)
n(AnB) - n(B nC)
B={reZ:?+x+1=0}, 1.AcC(AnB)c(CnB) nAnC)+ nA nBnC)
where, Z is set of complex (AUB) C(CuB) = 60+ 50+ 48-20-15 12 +0
2. (AnB) c(CnB) for all sets
numbers, then what is An B = 111
BAcC'
equal to?
3. (AUB) c(CUB) for all sets 14. What can be the maximum
(a) Nul set BAcC number of students in the school?
(b)-1a-1-Va Which of the above statements (a)111 ) 123 () 125
are correct? (d)135
b ) For maximum number of students in
(cl-1+-1-v3 4
(a) Only 1 and 2
(c) Only and 3
b) Only 2and 3
(d) 1,2 and 3 school.nA nBnC)must be 12.
nA UBuC)
d)Let X ={1,2,3,4)
0 1 A ={1,2),B = {2,3, 4,C = {1.2,3}
=
60+ 50+ 48-20
15-12+ 12
= 123
AcC
6 ) We have,
and
A={xeZ:*-1 0}
B {xe Z:x+x + 1 0}
AnB {21,CnB={2, 3}
Clearly, (AnB) e (C nB) 2018 (11)
AUB {1,2,3, 4}.(C uB) ={1,2,3, 4} 15. IfA, B and C
(AueCS are subsets ofa
Hence, Statement 1 is correct. universal set, then which one or
the following is not correct?
2.(AnB) c (CnB)for allsets BAcC
B- -19 Hence, Statement 2 is also correct. a) Au(Br )= (AuB)n(AuC)
(6) Au(AUB)= (B'n AY
3. (A UB)eCu B)for all sets (c) Au(BuC)= (C'n By UA
nA'
nB-1 -1-
2
B AcC (d) (AnB)uC = (AuC)n(BuC)
Hence, Statement 3 is also correct.
where, A' is the complement ofA
 (c) Let A, B and Care subsets of a 17. How many students like
universal set. to play
exactly only one game?
Let A = 1},B= {2},C = {3} (a) 196 (b) 228 (c) 254
U {1,2, 3}, A'=
= (d) 268 (A-B)
{2, 3}, B'= {1, 3. t(B-A)
C'={1,2} (c) Number of students like to play
by checking options, we get exactly one
game = n (A) + n (B) + n (C)
LHS A'u (B uC) 2 [n
-

(A OB) + n
(BnC)+ n (C n
A)] Directions (Q. Nos. 20 and 21)
{2,3} u {2,3}
=

+3n (A nBnC)
= {2, 3} Consider the information given below
=
125 + 145+90-2 [32 + 3 x 14] and answer the two items that follow.
RHS (CoBy n A' +3 x 14
= ({ 12} {2})n {2,3) 360 106 254 In a class, 54 students are good in
18. Let Hindi only, 63 students are good in
= ({2}Yn {2,3} A ={xe R:-1S xsl}, Mathematics only and 41 students
=
{13} n
{2,3} B= {ye R:-1s ys} and S be
= { 3} are good in English only. There are
the subset of Ax B, defined
LHS RHS by 18 students who are good in both

So, option (c) is wrong. S={( y)e AxB:? + =} Hindi and Mathematics. 10 students
are good in all three subjects.
Directions (Q. Nos. 16 and 17) Which one of the following is 20. What is the number of students
Consider the information given Correct?
who are good in either Hindi or
below and answer the two items that (a) S is a one-one function from A intoB Mathematics but not English?
follow. (b) S is a many-one function from A
(a) 99 (b) 107
into B
A survey was conducted among (c) 125 (d) 130
(c) S is a bijective mapping from A into B
300 students. It was found that
(d) S is not a function 21. What is the number of students
125 students like to play cricket,
(d) Given that, who are good in Hindi and
145 students like to play football
A = {xeR:-1ars1}, Mathematics but not in English?
and 90 students like to play
tennis. 32 students like to play B= {ye R:-1S y<1} (a) 18 (b) 12 (c) 10 (C) 8
exactly bwo games out of the three and S { (x, y) e Ax B:x+ y =1} Solutions (Q. Nos. 20 and 21)
games.
16. How many stdudents like to
play all the three games? 54 53
(a) 14
(c) 28
21 X

a ) Let, A be the set of students like to 41

play cricket B be the set of students like
to play football.C be the set of students
like to play tennis.
We have, n (AuB uC) = 300 By vertical line test. when we draw a 20.(c) From given Venn-diagram
vertical line, then line cuts the circle in nHuMwE') = 54 +8+ 63 125
n (A) = 125, n (B) = 145, n (C) = 90
two points. Hence,
S is not a function. 21. (d) From
n (A uBUC) = MA) + n (B)+ n (C) given Venn-diagram
- n (AnB) + n (Bn C)+ nC n A)] n(HnMnE') =18-10 8
+n(AnBnC) 2018(1) 22. A survey of 850 students in
a
300 = 125+ 145+ 90 University yields that 680 students
- n (A n B)+n (B nC)+ n (C o A)] 19. Let A and B be subsets of X like music and 215 like dance.
+n(AnBnC) and C= (AnB')U (A' n B), What is the least number of
n (An B)+ n (BnC)+ n (On A) where A' and B' are students who like both music
= 60+ n (A nBnC) ..0 complements of A and B and dance?
respectively in X. What is C (a)40 (6) 45 (c) 50 (d) 55
Again, equal to ?
n (AnB)+ n(B nC) + n (CnA) (b) Let A be the set of students who like
(a) (AuB') - (A n B)
-3n(AnBnC) =32 (b) (A' U B) - (A' n B)
music and B be the set of students who
n (An B) + n (BnC)+ n(CA) like dance.
(c) (A u B) - (A n B)
32+ 3n (A nBnC) ..1) nA) = 680, n(6) = 215 and nU) = 850
(d) (Au B') - (A' n B')
From Eqs. () and (i). we get We know that,
( c ) We have, C = (AnB')u (A'o8) nAnB) = n(A)+ n{B) - n(A uB)
BnC)
60+n (A n32+ 3n (A nBn C) =(A-B) =X-Y nAnBnin n{A)+ n[B)-n(AU Bmax
oAnBmin = 680+ 215-850
2n (AnBnC)= 28 X
= (AuB)-(AnB) F: nA u Bnax n{U]
n(AnBnC) =14 from Venn diagram] =45
 Which of the above are correct?
a+f = b+e
2017 (1) = (a, b) R (e, f)
Now, (a,b)R (c.d) and (c,d) A (C.)
(a) 1, 2
(c) 1, 3
and 3
and 4
(b) 2, 3 and 4
(d) 1, 2 and 4

23. If E is the universal set and (a,b) R (e,/) b) 1.

A =BU C, then the set A is transitive.
E- (E- (E- (E- (E- A)))) is Since, A is reflexive, symmetric and
same as the set transitive
:.R is an equivalance relation. A-B
(a) B uC' (b) BuC
(C)&'nC (d) BnC Here, (A - B) UB = AUB

) Given, Eis the universal set and

A = BuC
E - (E-E - (E - (E - A)))
2017 () 2
So, 1 is incorrect.

26. Let S be the set of all persons

= E -(E -(E -

(E A')) living in Delhi. We say that x, y

: Eis universal set.
in S are related if they were
A= A']
= E- (E-(E A)
born in Delhi on the same day. A-B
E-A'= A
= E -(E- A) Which one of the following is Here, (A - B)UA =F A
correct?
E-A= A'=(BuCY :A =BuC] So, 2 is correct.
(a) The relation is an equivalent
= B'nC' [by De-morgan's theorem]
relation 3.
24. If A= (b) The relation is not reflexive but it is
{x:x is a multiple of 2},
symmetric and transitive
B= {x:x is a multiple of 5} and (c) The relation is not symmetric but it
C {r:x is a multiple of 10), is reflexive and transitive
then An (BoC) is equal to (d) The relation is not transitive but it is A-B
(a) A (b) B reflexive and symmetric
Here, (A - B)nB= ¢
(c) C a ) Given, set S is the set of all persons
(d) fx:x is a multiple of 100) So, 3 is correct.
living in Delhi
4. AcBAUB= B
(c) From questions. and x, y inS are related such that they
So, 4 is also correct.
A ={2, 4, 6, 8,.. were born in Delhi on the same day.
Option (b) is correct.
B {5,10, 15,20, } Let R be a relation on S defined as a
C = {10, 20, 30,40, ....} and y were born in Delhi on same day
Here, C is subset of A. i.e C c A
and C is subset of B.
For reflexive Here, (x, x) e R as x and x
was born on the same day. 2016(I1)
i.e.C cB Ris reflexive.
For symmetric 28. In an examination, 70%
Now, (A n (B nC) = A nC=C
Let(x, y)eR students passed in Physics, 80%
25. If we define a relation R on the r and y were born in Delhi on same students passed in Chemistry
set N xN as (4,b) R (c.d) day 75% students passed in
a+d=b +c for all (a,b),(c,d) yand x were born in Delhi on same Mathematics and 85% students
eNxN, then the relation is day ( ,x)eR passed in Biology, and 1%
(a) symmetric only R is symmetric. students failed in all the four
(b) symmetric and transitive only For Transitive Now, let (, y) e A and subjects. What is the minimum
(c) equivalence relation (y, Z)e R, Vzes value of x?
(d) reflexive only * and y were born in Delhi on same (a) 10 (b) 12
c ) (a, b}A(a, b)V{a,b)e NxN day and y and z were born in Delhi on (c) 15 (d) None of these
Since, a+ b = b+ a,
same dayY.
c ) We have,
x and z were born in Delhi on same
R is reflexive. 70% passed in Physics
for R is to symmetric, (a, b) A (C, d)
day(ax, 2)e R
80% passed in Chemistry
R is transitive.
a+d = b+C 75% passed in Mathematics
Thus, R is reflexive symmetric and
d+a =C+b transitive.
85% passed in Biology
and 30% failed in Physics
C+b=d+a A is an equivalence relation.
20% failed in Chemistry
(C, d) R (a, b)
27. Consider the following in 25% failed in Mathematics
. R is symmetric.
respect of sets A and B. 15% failed in Biology
(a, b)R (C,d)ea+d =b+C.() 1. (A - B) UB =A Since, all students failed in all four
Let (C, d)A (e, f ) c + f=d + e ..(i) subjects.
e,f)e NxN 2. (A -B) UA =A 15% must be minimum failed in all the
Adding Eqs. () and (), we get 3. (A -B)nB =¢ four subject.
a +d + c +f =b +C +d+e
4. AcB=AuB =B Hence, x =15%
29. Let S be a set of all distinct n(B nC)= n (set of numbers divisible
C) Given, by 75)
numbers of the form , where A {1,2,3, 4)

P.4e {1,2,3,4,5,6}.
and B {1,3, 5}
Such that, R = {(a,b):a< bwhere,
100-13
and n(A n BnC) = n (set of numbers
What is the cardinality of the a e A andbe B}
R {(1,3). (1,5), (2, 3), (2, 5), divisible by 10, 15 and 25)
set S?
= n (set of numbers divisible by 150)
(a))21 (b) 23 (c) 32 ) 36
(3, 5),(4, 5)}
(b) We have,
R={(3, 1). (5, 1), (3, 2),
(5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 4)}
1000=6
150
S be a set of all distinct numbers of the Here, domain (R) = {1, 2, 3,4}
form p/q,
n(A UBuC)
Range (R) = {3,5} = n(A) + n (B) + n(C) - n(A n B)

where, p qe{12,3, 4, 5, 6} domain (R)= {3, 5} - n(B nC)- n(C n A) + n{A n BnC)
when, p=1,g e {1,2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
Range (R)= {1,2,3, 4} = 100 66+ 40 33 13-20+ 6
P-2,9 e f1 3, 5} 1 146
R
p 3.ge f{12, 4, 5) Hence, required numbers
p4,9 {1, 3, 5) nU) - n(A u BuC)
P=5,q E{12,3, 4, 6} 1000 146 854
p 6,q E {1, 5} 3
Total number of elements 33. Suppose, there is a relation*
5 between the positive numbers x
=
6+ 3+ 4+ 3+ 5+2 23 a n d y given b y x * y if and only

30. If A ={xe R : +6x- 7<0} if x y. Then, which one of the

and PoR={(3, 3),(3,5), (5,3), (5, 5)} following is correct?
B {xe R: +9x+ 14>0}, (a)is reflexive but not transitive and
then which of the following
is/are correct? 2016 (I) symmetric
(b) * i s t r a n s i t i v e b u t n o t reflexive a n d

symmetric
I. AnB={x eR:-2<x <1l} 32. What is the number of natural (C) is symmetric and reflexive but not
II. A/B ={x eR:-7<x <-2 numbers less than or equal to transitive
(d) * is s y m m e t r i c b u t n o t reflexive a n d

Select the correct answer using the 1000 which are neither divisible
transitive
code given below. by 10 nor 15 nor 25?
860 (6) 854 b ) Let/ be the set of positive integers
(a) Only I (a) and x, ye
(b) Only I 840 (d) 824
(c) Both 1 and II () Reflexive
b)Let Abe the set of natural
(d) Neither I nor II numbers 1000) which are divisible by Given, aRy xis less than
10, equal to y
(c) Given, B be the set of natural numbers ( 1000) acRax x is less than
A = {x e R:x*+ 6x -7<0}
and B= {x e R:« + 9x + 14> 0}
which are divisible by 15 and equal to *.

A ={x eR: (x + 7) (x -1)< 0} Cbe the set of natural numbers s 1000) Which is not true.
which are divisible by 25. Hence, A is not reflexive.
A = - 7 < x<1
and B {xeR:(x + 2)(x + 7)> 0} Then, n(A)=1000 100; i) Symmetric
B = * < - 7 or * > - 2
J aRy *is less than equal to y
n(B)=1000
= 66 yRxy is less than equalto
AnB= -2< x <1 15 Is not true.
= {x e R:-2< x< 1
For example
B = - 7 <x< -2 and nC)= 40
25 1R21 is lessthan 22.
= {r e R: - 7< x< -2}
where ] denotes the greatest integer 2R12 is less than1.
Hence, both I and ll are correct.
function. t is not symmetric.
31. Let R be a relation from Now, n(A n B) = n (set of numbers (i) Transitive
A= {1,2,3,4} to B = {13,5} such which are divislble by both 10 and 15) aRy* is less than equal to y
that R={(a,b):a <b, where = n (set of numbers divisible by 30)
Let yRz=>y is less than equal to z
aE A and b e B}. 1000 33 zel

What is RoR equal to?

30 Then, R z x is less than equal
Similarly, n(A nC) = n (set of numbers
to z
(a) {(1, 3). (1, 5), (2. 3), (2, 5) (3, 5), (4, 5)} divisible by 50)
So, R is transitive.
(b) {(3, 1). (6, 1), (3,2), (5,2), (5, 3). (5, 4))
(c) {(3, 3), (3, 5), (5, 3), (5, 5)}
(d) ((3, 3), (3, 4). (4 5)} 50100020 Hence, option (b) is correct.
 relation is an equivalence
34. Let R be a relation on the set N 36. If A ={xe R:+6x -7<0 (a) The
relation on X
of natural numbers defined by and B={re R:+9x +14>0} The relation is transitive but neither
(b)
'nRmn is a factor of m'. reflexive nor symmetric
then which of the following
Then, which one of the following (c) The relation reflexive but neither
is
is correct? is/are correct? transitive nor symmetric
(a) R is reflexive, symmetric but not 1.(AnB) =(-2,1) (d) The relation is symmetric but either
2. (A-B) =(-7,-2) transitive nor reflexive
transitive
(b) R is transitive, symmetric but not Select the correct answer using the b ) We have, X = Set of all persons living
reflexive code given below in a city
(c) R is reflexive, transitive but not
(a) Only 1 (b) Only 2 Let R be a relation on X, define as x< y,
symmetric (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 if yis atleast 5 yr older than x.
(d) R is an equivalence relation
c ) We have, Clearly, r # x, so R is not reflexive.
( c ) Given, R is a relation on the set N of A = {x e A:r+ 6x -7< 0} Now, let aRy, then x < yi.e. y is atleast
natural numbers defined by nRmnis a
factor of m.
and B= {x e R:r+ 9x+ 14> 0} 5 yr older than x.
A ={x e R:(x - 1) ( r + 7)< 0}
Thus, x is smaller than y, so y is not
Reflexive Since, n is a factor of n for and B= {x eR:(*+2) (x +7)> 0} smaller than x.
every ne N, therefore nRn, Vne N, i.e.
Ris reflexive. A=(-7,1) i.e. (x. y)eR(y. «)ER
and B (-7)u-2,o) Hence, R is not symmetric.
Symmetric since, n is a factor of m for
every nEN, but m is not a factor of n AnB (-2,1) Again, let xAy and yRz, then x < yand
because mis a multiple ofn. Therefore, A-B (-7, 2) Ys z clearly a < z. Hence, R is
Hence, both 1 and 2 are correct.
nRm but m Rn is not true. Since, 2 is a transitive.
factor of 4 but 4 is nota factor of 2, i.e. 37. A, B, C and D are four sets such
2R4 but 4R2 39. In a class of 60 students,
Thus, R is not symmetric.
that AnB =CnD= o. 45 students like music, 50
Consider the following
students like dancing, 5
1. AuC and BuD are always students like neither. Then, the
2015 (1) disjoint.
2. AnC and BnD are always
number of students in the class
who like both music and dancing,
35. Let X be the set of all persons disjoint. is
living in Delhi. The persons a and Which of the above statements is/are (a) 35 (b) 40
b in X are said to be related, if the correct? 50 (d) 55
difference in their ages is atmost (a) Only 1
5 y. The relation is
(b) Only 2 (b) Let the number of students in the
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 class be , who like both music and
(a) an equivalence relation
b) Given, AnB CnD= ¢ dancing.
b) reflexive and transitive but not
symmetric (AuC)n (BU D)
(c) symmetric and transitive but not
=
[(A uC) n B] u [{A uC)n D]
reflexive =
[(A n B)u (BnC)]u [(Dn A) 45- 50-
(d) reflexive and symmetric but not (Dne)
transitive =
[o (Bn C)]u[(D n A)u ¢] Music
d ) Given, R = {(a. b): la - b|s 5) = (BnC)u (D nA) Dancing
Hence,(AuC)n(BU D) is not disjoint
Va,bEx set. (45 x)+ * + (50 x) + 5 =60
For reflexive 100 * = 60
a - al = 0,0s 5
and (A nC)n (Bn D)
* = 100- 60
[(A nC)n8]n[AnC)nD]
=

(a, a) e R [(A B)nC]n[An(C D)]

= n n 40
Hence, R is reflexive. = [onC]n[An ¢]
40. Let Z be the
For symmetric set
aRb, where a, b e Z integers
ofand,i
if and only
Let a, b e x, then .(AnC)n(Bn D)is disjoint set. (a-b) is divisible by 5.
la-bls 5=|b-als 5
Consider the following
(a, beR (b,a)eR
Hence, R is symmetric.
2015 () statements
For transitive Let a, b,c are in x. 38. Let X be the set of all .Thè relation R partitions Z into
persons five equivalent classes.
=la-bls 5 (a, b)e R living in a city. Persons , y in X I1.
are said to be related as x<
Any two equivalent classes ac
= |b-c5=(b.c)e A y, if either equal or
Then, a-cls 10 (a,c) eR. y is atleast 5 yr older than x. disjoint.
Which of the above statements isl
Hence, R is not transitive. Which one of the following is
R is reflexive and symmetric but not correct?
correct?
transitive.
(a) Onily
(b) Only lI
(c) BothI and I (d) NeitherI norl
 c ) We have, aRb, where a, b e Z, if
(a b)is divisible by 5.
Thus, (a b) =0, 5, 10, 15,.
So, Statement I is correct, since the
relation R
partitions Z into five equivalent
classes,which are 0, 1,2,3, 4.
Also, any two equlvalent classes are
disjoint, but not equal.
Hence, both the statements are correct.
41. If A={r:xis a multiple of 3}
and B = {x:* is a multiple of 4}
and C = {x:x is a multiple of
12), then which one of the
following is a null set?
(a) (A/ B) uC (b) (A/B)/C
(C)(A nB) nC (d) (AnB)C
d ) Here, A ={3, 6, 9, 12, 15,..)
B {48,12, 16,20,.}
C ={12,24, 36, 48,..}
An8= (AnB)-C
AnB {12,24, 36, 48,..}
C
= {12,24, 36,..} - {12,24, 36,..
which is a null set.
42. Let A = {x, y,z} and
B={p.4.r, st, what is the
number of distinct relations
from B to A?
(a) 4096
(b) 4094
)128 (d) 126
a ) Number of distinct relations from Bto
A 2=24*3=27 = 4096
2014 (1)>
43. A and B are two sets having
3 elements in common. If
nA) 5 and n(B) 4, then what
= =
is n(A x B) equal to?
(a) 0 (b) 20
() 9
(c) 15
(d) Here, n[A) 5 and n{B) 4
= =
nA x B) = 5x 4 =20
: n A ) = m, n[B) = n = nA x B) = mn]
44. The relation S is defined on the
set of integers Z as xSy, if
integer x divides integery. Then,
(a) S is an equivalence relation
(b) S is only reflexive and symmetric
(c) S is only reflexive and transitive
S is only symmetric and transitive
(d)
(C) The relation S is defined on the set of
integers Z and xSy, if integer r divides
integer y.
Reflexive Since, every integer divides
itself.
Integer x divides integer
aS*
Hence, S is reflexive.
Symmetric Let a, ye Z such that rSy
i.., integer x divides Integer y.
Now, this does not implies that integery
divides Integer
e.g., Take * = 2 and y= 4. Then, 2
divides 4 but 4 does not divides2.
Thus, S is not symmetric
Transitlive Let , y, z e Z such that Sy
and ySz.
Integer x divides integer y and
integer y divides integer z.
Integer x divides integer z.
Sz
Hence, S is transitive.
2014 (1)
Directions (Q. Nos. 45-47) Read the
following information carefully to
answer the questions that follouw.
In a survey of 25 students, it was
found that 15 had taken Mathematics,
12 had taken Physics and 11 had
taken Chemistry, 5 had taken
Mathematics and Chemistry, 9 had
taken Mathematics and Physics, 4
had taken Physics and Chemistry
and 3 had taken all the three subjects.
45. The number of students who
had taken only Physics, is
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c)5 (d) 6
46. The number of students who
had taken only two subjects, is
(a) 7 (b) 8 (c)9 (d) 10
47. Consider the following
statements
I. The number of students who
had taken only one subject is
equal to the number of
students who had taken only
two subjects.
II. The number of students who
had taken atleast two subjects
is four times the number of
students who had taken all the
three subjects.
Which of the above statements islare
correct?
(a) Only (b) Only II
c) Both I and II (d) Neither I nor II
Solutions (Q. Nos. 45-47)
U
4
M
Given that,
Total number of surveyed students = 25
Number of students who had taken all
three subjects = 3
Number of students who had taken
Physics and Chemistry = 4
Number of students who had taken
Mathematics and Physics = 9
Number of students who had taken
Mathematics and Chemistry = 5
Number of students who had taken
Chemistry = 11
Number of students who had taken
Physics 12
Number of students who had taken
Mathematics = 15
45. (a) The number of students who had
taken only Physics
= 12-(1+3+ 6) 12-10 =2
46. (c) The number of students who had
taken only two subjects=
6+2+1=9
47. (b) I. The number of students who had
taken only one subject
= 2+ 5+ 4 11
and the number of students who had
taken only two subjects
= 6+2+1 9 119
lI. The number of students who had
taken atleast two subjects
= 1+2+6+3 12
The number of students who had
taken all three subjects 3
12 = 4x3 =12
Hence, number of students taken
atleast two subject
12 = 4x (number of student
taken all these subjects)
48. Let X be the set of all citizens of
India. Elements x, y in X are said
to be related, if the difference of
their age is 5 yr. Which one of
the following is correct?
(a) The relation is an equivalence
relation on X
(6) The relation is symmetric but neither
reflexive nor transitive
()The relation is reflexive but neither
symmetric nor transitive
(d) None of the above
b ) Given that, TV {(4, q). (v. p). (ov, s), (x, r), 50. Let S denotes the set of all
X= {Set of all citizens of India} .q). (z, s)} integers. Define a relation R on
and R {(x. y): x.ye X, Which of the above relations are not
S as aRb if ab 20, where
a,be S. Then, R is
-yl=5} functions? (a) reflexive but neither symmetric nor
Reflexive e - x|= 05 (a) I and
*Rx eR transitive relation
(b) and IV
(b) reflexive, symmetric but not transitive
So, R is not reflexive. (c) ll and l
(d) ll andV relation
(i) Symmetric Again,
Ry - y=5 (c) an equivalence relation
c ) Given that, A {u, v, w, x, y, Z}
(d) symmetric but neither reflexive nor
y-»|=5 and B={pq, r,S} transitive relation
yRx We know that mapping f:X> Y is ()Given that, S =Set ofall integers
So, R is symmetric said to be a function, if each element in
the set X has its image in set Y. It is also and A {(a, b), a, beS and ab 2 0}
Gii) Transitive Let x. y, ze X,
possible that there are few elements in ) Reflexive aRa a - a = a 2 0
then xRy lx-y=5 set Y which are not the image of any Va eS
and yR z ly-z=5 element in set X. Every element in setX
So, R is reflexive.
But x - z*5 should have one and only one image.
(i) Symmetric aRb>ab 2 0
So, Ris nottransitive.
Va, beS
Hence, the relation is symmetric but
W b-a20
neither reflexive nor transitive.
bR a
49. Consider the following relations So, R is symmetric.
from A to B, where A= {u, z, w (Not function) Gii) Transitive lf aRb a b 2 0
Function)
y z} and B= {p, 4 , s}. and bRc bc2 0, V a, b,c eS,
L
{(4. p). (« p). (w. p).
. q). (z 4)}
4). then ac20aRc
So, R is also transitive.
II. {(4. p), (% q). (w, r), (a, s)} Hence, A is an equivalence
relation.
III. {(4, s). (». r). (w, q). (u, p),
4), (z, q)} (Not Function) (Function)