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Full Download Ebook PDF Financial Accounting For Undergraduates 3e by Wallace Nelson PDF
Full Download Ebook PDF Financial Accounting For Undergraduates 3e by Wallace Nelson PDF
Financial Accounting
for Undergraduates
Third Edition
James S. Wallace
The Peter F. Drucker and Masatoshi Ito
Graduate School of Management
Claremont Graduate University
Karen K. Nelson
Jesse H. Jones Graduate School of Business
Rice University
Theodore E. Christensen
Terry College of Business
University of Georgia
Kenneth R. Ferris
W.P. Carey School of Business
Arizona State University
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viii Preface
Thinking Globally
In addition to IFRS Alert! boxes, the Thinking Globally inserts emphasize the similarities and differ-
ences between the United States and other countries that are not necessarily related to reporting standards.
THINKING GLOBALLY
While U.S. corporations principally distribute cash and/or stock dividends, property dividend distri-
butions are common among Japanese corporations. For example, McDonald’s Holding Company
of Japanannually distributes to its stockholders coupons for a free Big Mac as a property dividend.
And, DyDo Drinco, Inc., distributes to its stockholders samples of its beverage products as a prop-
erty dividend. Companies that distribute their products or coupons for their products to stockholders
as a property dividend believe that by making stockholders more familiar with the company’s prod-
ucts, they will retain the investment commitment of their stockholders on a longer term basis than
would otherwise be the case.
Cash Dividends
NEW TO THIS EDITION
■ New Co-author: Karen Nelson, The Harmon Whittington Professor of Accounting, has joined
the author team on this edition. An award-winning teacher and researcher, Karen has worked with
the coauthors to revise the text and improve the online learning system and supplements. Karen
teaches introductory financial accounting to undergraduates and Executive MBAs .
e Le
c tures ■ myBusinessCourse: myBusinessCourse (MBC) is a complete learning and assessment program
MBC that accompanies the textbook and contributes to student success in this course. MBC has been
expanded to include all multiple choice and the computational exercises from the 3rd edition. In
Ho
mework
ide
dExamp
l addition, author Karen Nelson expanded the number of Guided Examples included in MBC.
Gu
es
MBC MBC
■ Updated Standards: Content throughout the book has been revised to reflect the most current
standards. Chapter 5 now includes a discussion of the pending Revenue Recognition standard
change. Chapter 10 includes a brief discussion of the pending Lease standard change, and Chapter
13 has been revised to reflect current standards, including the removal of Extraordinary Items.
■ Implementation of the COSO Framework: Chapter 7 has been rewritten and introduces the
COSO framework as a means of organizing the internal control discussion.
■ Updated Data: The real data used throughout the text and assignments have been updated to
reflect the most current financial statements available at the time of the revision. New companies
have been incorporated into the assignments and the Accounting in Practice boxes and Extending
Your Knowledge sections in the assignments.
■ Accounting in Everyday Life boxes: New in this edition, these boxes expose students to practical
uses of accounting in their daily experiences. They are intended to engage students and convey the
relevance of accounting to them regardless of their major.
SUPPLEMENT PACKAGE
eLe
c tures For Instructors
MBC
: A web-based learning and assessment program intended to complement your textbook
and classroom instruction. This easy-to-use course management system grades homework automati-
mework Exa
ided mpl
Ho
cally and provide students with additional help when you are not available. In addition, detailed diag-
Gu
es
MBC MBC
nostic tools assess class and individual performance. myBusinessCourse is ideal for online courses or
traditional face-to-face courses for which you want to offer students more resources to succeed. Assign-
ew
Hom ork
ments with the MBC in the margin are available in myBusinessCourse.
Instructor CD-ROM: This convenient supplement provides the text’s ancillary materials on a portable
CD-ROM. All the faculty supplements that accompany the textbook are available, including Power-
Point, Solutions Manual, Test Bank, and Computerized Test Bank.
Solutions Manual: Created by the authors, the Solutions Manual contains complete solutions to all the
assignment material in the text.
PowerPoint: The PowerPoint slides outline key elements of each chapter.
Test Bank: The Test Bank includes multiple-choice items, matching questions, short essay questions,
and problems.
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Preface ix
Excel Templates: We provide Excel spreadsheets for assignments. These spreadsheets will save time
in data entry and allow students to dedicate additional time to learning the material. The Excel spread-
sheets are identified by the Excel icon.
Website: All instructor materials are accessible via the book’s Website (password protected) along with
other useful links and marketing information: www.cambridgepub.com
For Students
: A web-based learning and assessment program intended to complement your textbook eLe
ctures
MBC
and faculty instruction. This easy-to-use program grades homework automatically and provides you ew
Hom ork
with additional help when your instructor is not available. Assignments with the MBC in the margin are
available in myBusinessCourse. Access is free with new copies of this textbook (look for page contain- Ho
mewor k Exa
i ded mpl
Gu
es
MBC MBC
ing the access code towards the front of the book). If you buy a used copy of the book, you can purchase
access at www.mybusinesscourse.com.
Excel Templates: We provide Excel spreadsheets for assignments. These spreadsheets will save stu-
dents’ time in data entry and allow them to dedicate additional time to learning the material. The Excel
spreadsheets are identified by the Excel icon.
Website: Practice quizzes and other useful links are available to students free of charge on the book’s
Website.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
All three editions of this book benefited greatly from the valuable feedback of focus group attendees,
reviewers, students, and colleagues. We are extremely grateful to them for their help in making this
project a success.
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x Preface
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xii Preface
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Brief Contents
Glossary G-1
Index I-1
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Contents
About the Authors iii Your Turn! 2.1 61
Preface iv Analyzing Transactions 61
Accounting Equation Expanded 62
CHAPTER 1 Transactions and the Accounting Equation: An
Illustration 62
Financial Accounting and Business Transaction Summary 66
Decisions 2 Your Turn! 2.2 67
Business Organization 4 The “Account” System 68
Your Turn! 1.1 5 Chart of Accounts 68
Activities of a Business 5 System of Debits and Credits 68
Financing Activities 5 Your Turn! 2.3 69
Investing Activities 6 Your Turn! 2.4 70
Operating Activities 6 Recording Transactions 70
Your Turn! 1.2 6 General Journal 71
Accounting Information and Its Use 6 Posting Journal Entries to the General
External Users of Accounting 7 Ledger 72
Internal Users of Accounting 8 Illustration of the Recording Process 72
Your Turn! 1.3 8 Summary Illustration of Journalizing and Posting
Ethics and Accounting 8 Transactions 76
Your Turn! 1.4 9 Your Turn! 2.5 78
The Accounting Process 10 Trial Balance 79
Generally Accepted Accounting Principles 10 Your Turn! 2.6 80
International Financial Reporting Standards 11 Summary of Learning Objectives 82
Your Turn! 1.5 12 Key Terms 83
Financial Statements 12 Self-Study Questions 84
Assignments 85
Balance Sheet 13
Serial Problem: Kate’s Cards 112
Income Statement 14
Answers to Self-Study Questions: 117
Statement of Stockholders’ Equity 15
Your Turn! Solutions 118
Statement of Cash Flows 17
Relations Among the Financial Statements 18
Your Turn! 1.6 19
Other Annual Report Components 20
CHAPTER 3
Notes to Financial Statements 20 Accrual Basis of Accounting 120
Independent Auditor’s Report 20 Accrual Basis of Accounting 122
Management’s Discussion and Analysis 21 Revenue Recognition Principle 122
Your Turn! 1.7 21 Expense Recognition (Matching) Principle 124
Careers in Accounting 22 Your Turn! 3.1 125
Summary of Learning Objectives 28 Adjusting Accounts 125
Key Terms 30 Unadjusted Trial Balance 125
Self-Study Questions 31 Types of Adjustments 126
Assignments 32 Your Turn! 3.2 126
Serial Problem: Kate’s Cards 51 Deferral Adjusting Entries 126
Answers to Self-Study Questions: 55 Allocating Previously Recorded Unearned
Your Turn! Solutions 56 Revenue to Revenue 128
Your Turn! 3.3 129
Contents xix
APPENDIX A APPENDIX E
Accounting and the Time Value of
Columbia Sportswear Company A-1 Money E-1
Report of independent auditors A-2
Time Value of Money Concept E-2
Financial statements A-3 Time Value of Money: Simple Interest
Notes To Financial Statements A-7 Model E-2
Earnings Per Share Data A-22 Time Value of Money: Compound Interest
Supplemental Information A-23 Model E-2
Report On Internal Control A-25 Future Value of an Amount E-3
Future Value of an Annuity E-5
Present Value of an Amount E-6
APPENDIX B Present value of an annuity E-9
Calculations Using a Calculator And A
Financial Statements for Under Spreadsheet E-10
Armour B-1 Summary of Learning Objectives E-10
Glossary of Key Terms E-10
Self-Study Questions E-11
APPENDIX C Assignments E-11
Answers to Self-Study Questions: E-14
Financial Statements for LVMH Moet
Hennessy - Louis Vuitton C-1
Glossary G-1
APPENDIX D Index I-1
Accounting for Investments and
Consolidated Financial Statements D-1
Investments D-2
Debt and Equity Securities D-2
Investment Categories D-2
Investments in Debt Securities D-3
Purchase D-4
Recognition of Interest Income D-5
Balance Sheet Valuation D-5
Sale or Redemption at Maturity D-7
Investments in Equity Securities D-8
Purchase D-8
Recognition of Investment Income D-9
Balance Sheet Valuation D-9
Sale D-11
Current and Noncurrent Classifications D-12
Parent-Subsidiary Relationship D-12
Consolidated Financial Statements D-12
Limitations of Consolidated Statements D-13
Summary of Learning Objectives D-14
Key Terms D-15
Assignments D-15
Answers to Self-Study Questions D-26
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Contents xv
xvi Contents
Goods Flow vs. Cost Flow 281 The Petty Cash Fund 346
Data for Illustration of Cost Flow Your Turn! 7.2 347
Assumptions 281 The Bank Statement 347
Specific Identification Method 282 The Bank Reconciliation 347
First-In, First-Out (FIFO) Method 282 Your Turn! 7.3 352
Last-In, First-Out (LIFO) Method 283 Effective Cash Management 352
Weighted-Average Cost Method 284 Monitoring Cash 352
Your Turn! 6.2 285 Primary Activities of Effective Cash
Comparative Analysis of Inventory Costing Management 353
Methods 285 Your Turn! 7.4 357
Selecting Inventory Methods 285 Summary of Learning Objectives 357
Analysis of Costing Methods and Gross Key Terms 359
Profit 287 Self-Study Questions 359
Your Turn! 6.3 291 Assignments 360
Lower-of-Cost-or-Market Method 291 Serial Problem: Kate’s Cards 373
Net Realizable Value 291 Answers to Self-Study Questions: 377
Lower-of-Cost-or-Market Method 291 Your Turn! Solutions 378
Your Turn! 6.4 293
Inventory Analysis 293
Inventory Turnover and Days’ Sales in
Inventory 293
CHAPTER 8
Accounting for Receivables 380
Your Turn! 6.5 294
Receivables 382
Your Turn! 6A.1 302
Your Turn! 6B.1 303 Accounts Receivable 382
Summary of Learning Objectives 303 Accounting for Bad Debts 383
Key Terms 305 Allowance Method 384
Self-Study Questions 305 Your Turn! 8.1 387
Assignments 306 Estimating Credit Losses 387
Serial Problem: Kate’s Cards 323 Percentage of Net Sales Method 388
Answers to Self-Study Questions: 326 Your Turn! 8.2 388
Your Turn! Solutions 326 Accounts Receivable Aging Method 388
Your Turn! 8.3 391
7
Credit Card Sales 392
CHAPTER Your Turn! 8.4 392
Internal Control and Cash 330 Notes Receivable 393
Interest on Notes Receivable 393
Fraud 332
Adjusting Entry for Interest 395
Fraud Triangle 332
Reporting Notes Receivable on the Balance
Internal Control 333
Sheet 396
COSO Framework 333
Your Turn! 8.5 396
Control Failures 338
Analyzing and Managing Receivables 396
The Sarbanes-Oxley Act 338
Your Turn! 8.6 397
Your Turn! 7.1 339
Factoring and Discounting 397
Accounting for Cash 339
Your Turn! 8A.1 400
Reporting Cash 339
Summary of Learning Objectives 401
Cash and Cash Equivalents 340
Key Terms 402
Internal Control of Cash Receipts Self-Study Questions 402
Transactions 341 Assignments 404
Cash Received on Account 341 Serial Problem: Kate’s Cards 419
Cash Received from Retail Cash Sales 343 Answers to Self-Study Questions: 423
Checks 345 Your Turn! Solutions 423
Using Electronic Funds Transfer 346
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Contents xvii
xviii Contents
Financial
1 Accounting
and Business
Decisions
Learning Objectives identify the key
learning goals of the chapter.
Past/Present/Future provides
an overview of where the chapter
fits within the whole course.
2
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If it’s true that accounting is the language of business, then an understanding of the material in this textbook is
crucial to your future livelihood. All of us confront accounting issues in our daily lives. We must control our cash
and other assets; we must monitor our paychecks and our expenses; we must purchase items that fit within our
budgets; and we must use accounting data in making business decisions.
It is no surprise then that accounting knowledge ranks near the top of what employers look for when hiring
new workers. It is also no surprise that students with accounting knowledge perform better than those that do
not understand the basics of accounting. This book provides fundamental financial accounting knowledge for
future success in business and life. A Focus Company introduces each chapter and illustrates
the relevance of accounting in everyday business.
Identify three characteristics for each of the principal forms of business organizations. YOUR TURN! 1.1
1. sole proprietorship The solution is on
2. partnership page 56.
3. corporation
ectures
eL
Every business, regardless of its organizational form, its industry, or its size, is in- Describe business
volved in three types of business activities—financing, investing, and operating. LO2 activities.
Financing Activities
Before a company can begin operations, a company must acquire money to support its
operations. Employees need to be hired, buildings constructed, raw materials purchased,
and machinery put in place. Companies can obtain the necessary funds to undertake these
activities in several ways. These financing activities are generally categorized as either
debt financing or equity financing.
Debt financing involves borrowing money from sources such as a bank by signing
a note payable or directly from investors by issuing bonds payable. The individuals or fi-
nancial institutions that lend money to companies are called their creditors. Debt financ-
ing involves an obligation to repay a creditor both the amount initially borrowed, called
the principal, and an interest fee for the use of the funds.
Equity financing involves selling shares of stock to investors. In contrast to credi-
tors who lend money to a business and expect to receive that money back with interest,
investors that purchase shares of stock are buying an ownership interest in the company.
Investors hope that their stock will increase in value so that they can earn a profit when
they sell their shares. The owners of a company’s stock may also receive dividend pay-
ments when the company decides to distribute some of its net income.
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Investing Activities
A.K.A. Land, buildings, For a company to undertake its business, it needs to purchase certain long-term resourc-
and equipment is often es necessary to conduct its business, such as a printing press purchased by a printing
referred to as property, plant,
company. The purchase of these resources is known as investing activities. Companies
and equipment, or simply
PP&E.
can obtain the money needed to make an investment in such items as land, buildings,
and equipment from either the financing activities discussed above or from any excess
cash accumulated from running the business profitably.
A.K.A. (Also Known As)
provides commonly used Investing activities involve acquisition and disposition of items such as factories, of-
alternative terms. fice furniture, computer and data systems, and delivery vehicles, to carry out the business
plans. These items are referred to as assets. Investing decisions regarding these assets are
known as asset management.
Operating Activities
The day-to-day activities of producing and selling a product or providing a service are re-
ferred to as operating activities. Operating activities are critical for a business because if a
company is unable to generate income from its operations it is very likely that the business
will fail. If creditors and stockholders do not believe that a company will be able to generate
a profit, they are unlikely to provide the financing needed to start, or maintain, its operations.
Exhibit 1-1 provides a summary of the three types of business activities. Arrows are
pointing both toward, and away from, operating activities. This is because financing and
investing activities are necessary to carry out a company’s operating activities; however, if
a company’s operating activities generate excess cash, then the excess cash can be used to
either finance additional investments, repay the company’s creditors, or pay dividends to
shareholders.
Stock
Certificate
S
Cer tock S
tific
ate Cer tock
tific
ate
Investing Financing
Activities Activities
(purchase factory, (issue stock, obtain loans)
acquire land,
buy equipment)
Operating
Activities
(sell products, buy supplies, conduct marketing)
YOUR TURN! 1.2 Classify each of the following activities as a financing, investing, or operating activity.
The solution is on 1. Receiving a loan from a bank. 4. Purchasing merchandise for resale to customers.
page 56. 2. Selling merchandise online. 5. Issuing shares of stock in exchange for cash.
3. Purchasing a delivery truck. 6. Paying employee salaries.
ecture s
eL
Independent auditors are licensed by the state in which they do their auditing work and are identified
as certified public accountants (CPAs). To qualify as a CPA, an individual must pass a rigorous
examination that is administered nationally and must meet the educational and work experience
requirements set by each state to ensure high standards of accounting and auditing performance. Accounting In Practice
boxes describe how
The four largest U.S. public accounting firms, referred to as the Big Four, have offices located
accounting is used in real
throughout the world and employ thousands of auditors. These firms are Deloitte & Touche, Ernst companies.
& Young, KPMG, LLP, and PricewaterhouseCoopers.
There are many other external users of a company’s accounting information. For
example, a business’s customers may want information to help them determine if a com- Real Companies
pany like Whirlpool will be able to honor its product warranties. Labor unions require and Institutions are
highlighted in bold,
information to determine the level of pay raises that they can demand from companies blue font.
like United Parcel Service. Exhibit 1-2 illustrates the kind of accounting information
that is required by a company’s external users.
Potential investors How does the profitability of Target compare to that of WalMart?
and stockholders How does Bank of America Corporation compare with Wells Fargo &
Company in terms of firm size?
Creditors and lenders Will Delta Airlines be able to repay its creditors in a timely fashion?
Is it safe to provide a bank loan to the Federal Express Corporation?
Taxation authorities Is Time Warner Inc. reporting the proper amount of taxable income?
and regulators Is Duke Energy’s rate hike justified by its operating costs?
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Title: Saaristoväkeä
Novelleja
Language: Finnish
Novelleja
Kirj.
YRJÖ KOSKELAINEN
SISÄLLYS:
Kehto
Kalle-Kustaan tupa
Mestarivaras
Uskovaisia
Simsörin Johannes
Naapurit
KEHTO
I.
Mutta eilen kun hänen hätäpäätä oli korjattava purjetta, olisi hän
tarvinnut yhden niistä messinkiväkipyöristä, joita Sälskärin
hylkyhuutokaupassa oli ostanut kokonaisen kimpun, mutta sai koluta
aitat ja vinnit löytämättä mitään. Hän muisti hämärästi ripustaneensa
ne johonkin naulaan, mutta mihin naulaan, sitä ei olisi tiennyt sanoa
kukaan muu kuin Rosina. Ja Rosina oli maannut haudassa jo viime
vapusta vuoden…
Hamberg olisi tänään jatkanut pitemmällekin muistojaan, ellei
hänen apumiehensä, Janne, olisi tullut tupaan saamaan osaansa
päivän ansioista. Hamberg tyhjensi pöydälle kissan viereen kuluneen
kukkaronsa sisällyksen. Rahat, joita oli hopeita ja kuparia lajiteltiin,
laskettiin ja jaettiin kolmeen läjään, joista yhden sai Janne, kaksi
taas pyyhkäisi Hamberg suureen kouraansa vieden ne tuvan sivussa
olevaan kamariin. Nurkassa siellä sängyn takana oli raudoitettu
punainen kirstu, jonka hän avasi jykevällä avaimella ja erotettuaan
hopeat vanhaan tupakkapussiin ja kuparit sikarilaatikkoon, jälleen
huolellisesti sulki. Avain pantiin lasi-oviseen seinäkaappiin, jossa
punaisessa nauhassa hohti pari hopeamitalia »ihmishengen
pelastamisesta», vanhanaikuinen umpikuorinen kello ja pieni
hopeapikari palkintona kilpapurjehduksesta.
*****
Oli vielä täysi yö merellä, kun Hamberg tunsi ruumiissaan että oli
aika nousta. Tuuli oli kääntynyt pohjoiseen ja ajanut taivaankannen
täyteen hallahtavia pilvenhattaroita, vesi näytti joka taholla kylmältä
ja harmaalta. Aamuvilu hyrisytti verkkomiehiä, he kohoutuivat
istualleen ja asettuivat hitaasti airoihin Hambergin hilatessa jo
veneeseen ensimäistä verkon päätä.
II.
Kirje oli nyt valmis. Rivit tosin nousivat ja laskivat kuin laineet
myrskyssä, mutta Hamberg oli täysin tyytyväinen siihen. Kun oli
loppuun pantu joukko tervehdyksiä nimitetyille henkilöille, piirrettiin
alle Petter Valfrid Hamberg ja varmuudeksi otti Hamberg vielä kynän
tukevaan kouraansa ja piirsi puumerkkinsä q W H, johon sisältyi
kaikki, mitä hän tiesi jalosta kirjoitustaidosta.
*****
*****