RESPIRATION

Objectives

Explain the major

Differentiate
features and
aerobic from
sequence the
anaerobic
chemical ‘events of
respiration. cellular respiration.
 Cellular Respiration

The products of photosynthesis are used in cellular

respiration.

Cellular respiration pertains to the metabolic processes that

occur in the cells converting energy from nutrients into ATP.

It is a biochemical pathway involving catabolic reactions,

which break large molecules into smaller ones, releasing
energy in the process, as weak so-called “high-energy” bonds
are replaced by stronger bonds in the products.
All living cells must carry out cellular respiration.

It is one of the primary ways a cell releases energy

to fuel cellular activities.

It is considered as an exothermic reaction that

releases heat.

It can be aerobic or anaerobic.

Cellular Respiration
 AEROBIC ANAEROBIC

Presence of Oxygen Yes No

Cells that use it Most Cells Prokaryotes

High Lower
Energy Released (36-38 ATP (Between 36-2
molecules) ATP molecules)

Reaction Sites Cytoplasm & Cytoplasm

MItochondria

1. Glycolysis
2. Krebs Cycle 1. Glycolysis
Stages Involved
3. Electron 2. Fermentation
Transport Chain
THREE PHASES
OF AEROBIC
RESPIRATION
GLYCOLYSIS
Derived from the Greek word
It means to breakdown
“glyco” - Sweet
something sweet.
“lysis - To split apart

It is a series of reactions that extract energy from glucose (six-carbon

sugar) by splitting it into two molecules of pyruvate (three-carbon
molecule) with the production of two molecules of ATP.

It requires 2 ATP to produce 4 ATP, 2 NADH and 2 pyruvate molecules.

It does not need the presence of oxygen.

After glycolisis, the ATP molecules are converted to energy while the
pyruvate molecules and the NADH enter the mitochondria.
KREBS CYCLE
A chain of reactions occurring in the mitochondria, through
which almost all living cells produce energy in aerobic
respiration.

The main function of the Krebs cycle is to produce energy,

stored and transported as ATP or GTP.

Sir Hans Krebs (Biochemist)-discovered the TCA cycle,

therefore, it is also known as the Krebs Cycle.
 ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN AND CHEMIOSMOSIS
ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN

The electron transport chain is a series of electron carriers existing in an

oxidized form.

Electrons pass across carrier molecules in a series of exergonic redox

reactions.(also termed "spontaneous" reactions.

In this phase, the high-energy electrons with NADH and FADH2 will be
passed to a set of membrane-bound enzymes in the mitochondrion.

CHEMIOSMOSIS

Chemiosmosis is the movement of ions across a semipermeable

membrane bound structure, down their electrochemical gradient.
 NUMBER OF TPS FROM GLUCOSE MOLECULE
GLYCOLYSIS
Produces 4 ATP directly
Consumec 2ATP, resulting in a net gain of 2 ATP
Yields 2 NADH

KREBS CYCLE (2 rounds)

Produces 2 ATP directly
Yields 6 NADH & 2 FADH2

ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN (NADH & FADH 2)

Each NADH yields 3 ATP resulting in up to 30 ATP from 10 NADH
Each FADH2 generates 2 ATP giving 4 ATP from 2 FADH2.