KENYATTA UNIVERS ITT : School DF EWGINER RN Ano Tecan DECMTMENT OF MECHANWAT, EW NEERND , cars £ Fenny, 17% Tins 2022 Emm 204 FULD MEtHANES 4 tony Ve Followry, quetin hs Qvesmon Rormels| a) What is @ ereusrnctin ©. =< cud A ta Fs 1 chowe tat tack Ao wet : oma Hm? Big crnerang. Lepeet he awidy 124). TR a=o0-Sm cmd ha osm, Whale Ke absdlue tn kN | wt, a ware eh X Fig 1 Assume th aa rasme. Coneaponds bs 7.60 wie @ 5 SE rprareory (c) A Zomm chamee pa Paks, mebanda being, LO. w altareude- awk te aa | Sareva we aunwal 1 Thee velocity im ha low diowute Wire 1S OZmlee cmd Cah pipe fj fs or ban| see Velo tw ralcee ® exh cid Auscharge bm vet \ see yo the Zomm Ahomatir . Wye, gine Fate =.20 mau | Ve A” Gam ~ SealsB20 gt Aer 9 re a + 6.9% £. Faeroe GOmenltg x JOl- BX IGNIegt . re ga =Q.gh+e ae rt nega ce eis xO aS pk (or Sos ee = gh+ =p aa =. ——— anid (IPKVE]XO~ By = IG 457 N[mn* =fl9e+57_\ KN [ro Ke ie08 // (¢ = 196-45 7kN [en dee -oln “Cig Vq= osm OOS ip. \) + (T(O-0T : % CO xO °3 = Ki @os*x0-6)+(0-01 x03) ) ROH IAB m/sec. (o.02z u QV A, = Oh aSx BOC = 1.556 x10 oeKena TTP UNWweesvrr ScHooL DF EVEINEERIR AnD TEtttwoloby Deer menT OF MEtHAMeAL. §EWhiEERn, cm Meedag 1 Fly Z0Ve EMM 20% FLYID MétinMes 4 Miompt the Frtewingy gyeshen : Question i 20 woalus a Show Vaar te disdet ge{G Yio a bevigunkol ventivimit witik oty “mane wetes is ane we @- bv Whe Y= \uad detferiwu lootiven Beye ook We Yoroat im metres. i b= Qcoslmt Vv a porkienlow bine amd asthe ie t, = Dewetival Aischerge tu wt [ser hy A horgontol yentiet ite tecaines ta Hew & urki. “gh an Gdwm dinynalt fipe wit 0 inva if 40mm we | Ainwetic + The fastens “alien wa bohm the enty ow) Hee thsat is 3S KN |m™ Celedatie Hp, rake Ow Hoth te Wethe wm m| cee. Aessime : Ca = oaP q=44 yal see”Qe Cyr lagH A Eiee = 3°-568m. mm = 235 x1000 H a ? = 0a eS 1000 X4F Bi ee 6-005 ee a= Aas Mose a oye ae aE a TEE mao, = i) Az Goes Q= care cos) [pr bce i = i Quy = SrA Sretece O0- 0105 w2/ sec:essures at & Show that the intensity of pressure at a point in a fluid at rest is the same in all directions. Solution. In Fig. 1.2, p, is the intensity of pressure on the horizontal face AB of a very small prism ABC of width s surrounding the given point, p. is the intensity of pressure on the vertical face BC and p, ts the intensity of pressure on the face AC inclined at any angle # to the horizontal. ~* Force on face AB = p, x AB X 5 Foree on face BC = p, x AC x 5 Force on face AC =p, x AC xs If the uid is at rest, these forces are in equilibrium and are perpen- dicular to the faces on which they act.v Resolving vertically, mx ARM cep, x AC Xs x cost but by trigonometry é AC cos § = AB and so Pi = Ps i r 4 ‘ ase x & " ; “Cc aw . Figure 1.2 Resolving horizontally, p; X BOX s=p,* AC x5 x sind but AC sin 8 = BC and so Pa = Po Therefore p, =Pi=Ps and since AC is al any angle # to AB, p, is the intensity of pressure in any direction. Thus the intensity of pressure at 2 point is the same in all directions in a fluid at rest.KENYATTA UNIVERSITY EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE (MECHANICAL ENGINEERING) EMM 204: FLUID MECHANICS I geo TRIMESTER 2021/2022 TIME: 2 HRS INSTRUCTIONS 1. This paper contains FIVE questison 2. Question One is Compulsory and carries 30 marks 3, Fourremaining questions carry 20 marks each 4, Attmept question One and any Two questions of the remaining Four questions Question One (Compulsory ~30 marks) a) Concisely explain the menaing of the following terms:- i) Absolute pressure (1 mark) ii) Vapour pressure (2 marks) iii) Fluidity (1 mark) b) Working from first principles show that the pressure at a point in a liquid at rest is equal in all directions. (6 marks) ©) What is a manometer? (2 marks) 4) Figure 1 shows a manometric arrangement for measuring the pressure at A. Fluid A is an oil of specific gravity 0.95 and fluid C is mercury of specific gravity 13.6. ‘The atmosphereic presure is 760 mm of mercury. Caloualte the i) gauge pressure at A in N/m? marks) ii) absolute pressure at A in N/m? (S marks) —e——— Page 1 of 4 INVOLVEMENT IN ANY EXAMINATION IRREGULARITY SHALL LEAD TO DISCONTINUATIONFlu C i) Acylindrical tank is spun while its axis is ventricle. Working from first principles and explaining the meaning of all symbols used, show that the water surface will be parabolic in shape. (4 marks) ii) A.2m diameter open cylindrical tank is filled to a depth of 2m with water. The height of the tank is 3m, Determine the speed of rotation about its vertical axis in radius per second at which water will just spill out ofthe tank. (2 marks) g) A body weighs 29.361KN in water and 26.425 kN in a liquid of specific gravity 1.60. Determine its volume and weight in air. (4 marks) (Total 30 marks) uestion Two (20 marks) a) A flat place of radius tm is vertically and completely immersed in water so that its top circumferential edge is tangential to the horizontal water surface. Working from first principles and explaining the meaning of symbols used derive an expression for the i) total force acting on one side of the plate (4 marks) ii) depth of the centre of pressure vertically below the surface (6 marks) Page 2 of 4 INVOLVEMENT IN ANY EXAMINATION IRREGULARITY SHALL LEAD TO DISCONTINUATION») A circular plate 1.5 m diameter is vertically immersed in water so that its top circumferential edge is tangential to the horizontal water surface Calculate the i) total force acting on one surface of the plate in Newton (4 marks) ii) depth of the centre of pressure vertically below the force surface (6 marks) (Total 20 marks) Question Three (20 marks) a) b) Derive the Bernoulli's Equation for incompressible frictionless fluid by momentum consideration method. (12 marks) ‘A 50mm diameter pipe gradually expands to 100mm diameter pipe in a length of 10m in an upward direction. The pipe makes an angle of 20° in upward direction with the horizontal as shown in fig. 2. Determine the pressure Pz at the exit if the pipe carries a discharge of 0.003925 in m/sec assuming i) no energy loss (4 marks) ii) alos of 0.20 m (4 marks) (Total 20 marks) Page 3 of 4 INVOLVEMENT IN ANY EXAMINATION IRREGULARITY SHALL LEAD TO DISCONTINUATIONQuestion Four (20 marks) a) Show that the discharge through a ventrimeter is independent of its inclination but depends only on the pressure head difference. (10 marks) b) The measured discharge through a venturimeter is 78 x 10° kg/hr. The inlet and throat diameters are 120mm and 55mm respectively. The pressure drop between inlet and throat is 42KN /m?, Calculate the discharge coefficient. (10 marks) (Total 20 marks) & Question Five (20 marks) a) Show that the actual discharge through a trapezoidal notch is given by w= 2edf%g HB +S tan 8H |] Where Cd= Coefficient of discharge 2= acceleration due to growth (m/sec2) H = Head of water (m) B = width of base (m) 4 = angle of the slanting sides made with the vertical in degrees (10 marks) b) The actual discharge through a V-notch is 0.122m°/sec under a head of 0.375m. The coefficient of discharge is 0.6, Calculate included angle of the notch in degrees. (10 marks) (Total 20 marks) Page 4 of 4 INVOLVEMENT IN ANY EXAMINATION IRREGULARITY SHALL LEAD TO DISCONTINUATION