ACTIVITY 2

Group #:

Score/ Mark:
Names:

Grade, Year & Section: STEM 12 Course Number- BIO11-General Biology 1

Title:
Quarter: FIRST (1st) School Year/Term: 2023-2024/1ST
SEMESTER
Type of Activity: Performance Task Time Frame: Week 1

Introduction Plant cells differ from animal cells in several ways, but an easily distinguishable difference is
the presence of the thick outermost layer in plant cells. This structure called the cell wall
provides protection for the inner parts of the cell and is responsible for the often-polygonal
shape of the plant cells in contrast to the spherical animal cells. Plant cells can be easily
studied from variety of plant sources.

The outermost layer cells located in the epidermis of the skin can easily be sloughed off.
During our daily activities, thousands of our skin cells are removed, such as when you rub your
face with towel, hold handles very tightly, or scratch our skin. Skin cells located in the inner
lining of our cheeks are also easily sloughed off. Simple activities like, brushing of our teeth and
gums, gargling with mouthwash or even the process of chewing our food is few of the
instances when our inner cheek cells are removed.

In this activity you will be examine and study the visible structures of plant and animal cells
under the microscope using thin layer of onion skin and isolated skin cells from your inner
cheek lining.

Competency/ies 1. Distinguish prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells according to their distinguishing

features
2. Classify different cell types (of plant/animal tissues) and specify the functions of
each
Objectives: 1. To examine the parts of the cell.
2. To differentiate plants and animal cell.
3. Encourage the student to develop a healthy self-image.
Reference: Evangelista, Luisito T. (2022). General Biology 1 for Senior High School. C & E
Publishing, Inc.

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 ACTIVITY 2: MICROSCOPY 2 (A. Cell Structure)

Materials Needed:

Group 2 Responsibility:

Request in Biology Stockroom

Chemicals:
A. 8 ml Methylene Blue
B. 8 ml Dilute Iodine Solution/Lugol’s Solution
Equipment:
C. Request for 1 binocular compound microscope (teacher’s demonstration)

Group 1-8 Requests:

Request in Biology Stockroom:

 1 unit Compound microscope (monocular)
 1-piece Micro Forceps

Bring the following:

1 pc. cutter
5 pcs. Glass slides with cover slips
2 pcs. Medicine Dropper (Chemicals)
1 pc. Fresh Red Onion Bulb
10 pcs. Clean Toothpick (use for the cheek cell)

Note: Always bring Group Kits and Individual Kits

Procedures:

Plant Cells

A. Onion (Allium cepa)

1. Place a drop of water at the center of a clean glass slide.
2. Using the cutter, carefully remove a thin layer (as thin as plastic/cling wrap) of epidermis from the innermost
curved piece of onion. (Caution: Blades can cut if not handles properly)
3. Spread the thin layer of epidermis on the drop of water making sure that the layer is placed smoothly.
4. Put a drop of iodine solution and gently lower the cover slip.
5. Initially, focus the slide under the lowest power objective lens of the microscope.
6. Draw your observation in the part 6 of the activity worksheet. Include the following in your drawings: total
magnification and the cell wall, cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, and chloroplast with label. Give a short
description on the morphology of the onion cell as the appearance of nucleus inside the cell.
7. Switch to the low power then high-power magnification and repeat procedure 6.

B. Rhoeo Discolor (Rhoeo spathacea)

1. Place a drop of water at the center of a clean glass slide.
2. Using the cutter, carefully remove a purple thin layer (as thin as plastic/cling wrap) of epidermis from the back of

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 the leaf. (Caution: Blades can cut if not handles properly)
3. Spread the thin layer of epidermis on the drop of water making sure that the layer is placed smoothly.
4. Put a drop of iodine solution and gently lower the cover slip.
5. Initially, focus the slide under the lowest power objective lens of the microscope.
6. Draw your observation in the part 6 of the activity worksheet. Include the following in your drawings: total
magnification and the cell wall, cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, and chloroplast with label. Give a short
description on the morphology of the onion cell as the appearance of nucleus inside the cell.
7. Switch to the low power then high-power magnification and repeat procedure 6.

Animal Cells

C. Cheek Cells
1. Place a drop of water at the center of a clean glass slide.
2. Gently rub the toothpick across the inner lining of your cheek, and then swish the toothpick in the drop of
methylene blue stain.
3. Focus the slide under lowest power magnification then search for few isolated cells by slowly moving the slide.
4. Draw the cheek cells and label the cell membrane, nucleus and cytoplasm. Remember to include the total
magnification as well as description of the cell.
5. Switch to the low power then to the high-power magnification and repeat procedure 4.

Note: Print the Laboratory Report Worksheet on the next page.

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 ACTIVITY 2
Group #: Group #:
Group #: Group #:
Names: Names: Names:
Names:
Grade, Year & Section: Grade, Year & Section: Grade, Year & Grade, Year & Section:
Section:
Quarter: Quarter: Quarter: Quarter:
Type of Activity: Type of Activity: Type of Activity: Type of Activity:

ACTIVITY 2: MICROSCOPY 2

OBSERVATION: Draw and label the cell structure of plants as seen in the HPO of the blank circle.

Plant Cell
A. Onion (Allium cepa) Description: (appearance and
arrangement under HPO)

Figure 1.2
Plant cell under the
LPO objective: ______________
Figure 1.3
Plant cell under the HPO
Total Magnification: _________
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________

B. Rhoeo Discolor (Rhoeo spathacea)

Description: (appearance and
arrangement under HPO)

____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
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____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
Animal Cell

C. Cheek Cell

Analysis:

1. What cellular parts of animal cells are visible under the microscope
that you used?

_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________

2. What cellular parts of plant cells are visible under the microscope?
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________

3. How do plant cells and animal cells differ?

_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________

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4. If the cell were a city, what could be the functions of the following cell organelles below? Use the table in
organizing your ideas.

Organelle What part of a city What would this What do the organelle
has a similar structure look like? and its analogy have in
function as the common?
organelle?

nucleus
CITY HALL Spherical or oblong
with layers bounded
with membranes
(nuclear membrane)
The command center of a
city is the city hall. For a
cell, its command center
is the nucleus.

lysosome
LANDFILL or Our wastes are being
Spherical and
DUMPSITE or collected and dumped
membrane-enclosed
DISPOSAL into landfills. Same to a
organelles that contain
FACILITY cell, the wastes produced
an array of enzymes
by a cell are digested in
lysosomes.

mitochondria
POWER PLANT
double-membraned, Power plants provide
rod-shaped structure electricity to the city. To
found in both plant and a cell, the mitochondrion
animal cell produces energy for the
cell in a form of
Adenosine Triphosphate
(ATP).

Smooth
endoplasmic CITY HIGHWAY usually more tubular in As highways are paths
reticulum structure, forming a used in transportation in
lacelike reticulum cities, the smooth
endoplasmic reticulum is
used for transporting
lipids to build or sustain
cell membrane. 6

vacuole
(plant) WAREHOUSE shaped like a large sac To a city, a warehouse is
cell wall
(plant)
CITY WALLS It is the thick and rigid City walls are not just for
structure with a fixed border for the city but
shape and the also protection. To a plant
outermost part of a cell, it is covered, sealed,
plant cell and protected by the cell
wall.

chloroplast To a city, the power plant

(plant) that utilizes solar power is
SOLAR POWER Green color, round,
the solar power plant. To
PLANT oval, or disk-shaped
a plant cell, the organelle
body
that converts solar power
into energy is the
chloroplast.

cell membrane
CITY BORDER or It is a thin and delicate To a city, a border is
LIMITS structure. It is flexible marked through maps or
to change the shape as landmarks. To a cell, the
needed. limits of each organelle’s
placement is only within
the cell membrane.

golgi apparatus
PACKAGING membrane-bounded To a city, the packaging
CENTER or POST organelle with the center or post office
OFFICE characteristic shape of manages the goods and
a series of stacked flat prepares it to export by
cisternae packing them. To a cell,
golgi apparatus packages
proteins and prepares it
for export.

ribosome
FACTORY flattened and spherical To a city, a factory
in shape when viewed produces goods. To a cell,
under an electron ribosomes is a factory of
microscope, with a proteins.
diameter ranging
between 15 to 25 nm

Rough
Endoplasmic
CITY HIGHWAY convoluted, flattened To a city, highways are
Reticulum
like membrane sheets used for paths in transport
(called cisternae) that of goods or products. To
arise near the nucleus a cell, the rough
and extend across the endoplasmic reticulum 7
cytoplasm directs proteins to the
golgi apparatus.
Conclusion: (Answers the objective of the activity and relate the result to personal life experience or realizations)

F. Documentations: (documentation or pictures taken as proof of performing the activity properly; should
be with caption)

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Rubric
GRADE 12- GENERAL BIOLOGY
_____SCORING RUBRIC FOR LABORATORY ACTIVITY__1___

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CATEGOR 4 3 2 1 Scores
Y
Drawings/ Clear, accurate Diagrams are Diagrams are Needed
Diagrams diagrams are included and are included and are diagrams are
included and labeled neatly labeled. missing OR
make the and accurately. are missing
experiment easier important
to understand. labels.
Diagrams are
labeled neatly and
accurately.
Conclusion Conclusion Conclusion Conclusion No conclusion
describes the describes the describes the is written.
skills learned, the information information
information learned and a learned.
learned and some possible
future application to a
applications to real-life
real life situation.
situations.
Materials All materials and Almost all Most of the Many
setup used in the materials and materials and materials are
experiment are the setup used in the setup used in described
clearly and the experiment the experiment inaccurately
accurately are clearly and are accurately OR are not
described. accurately described. described at
described. all.
Analysis The relationship The relationship The relationship The
between the between the between the relationship
variables is variables is variables is between the
discussed and discussed and discussed but no variables is not
trends/patterns trends/patterns patterns, trends discussed.
logically logically or predictions
analyzed. analyzed. are made based
Predictions are on the data.
made about what
might happen if
part of the lab
were changed or
how the
experimental
design could be
changed.
Appearance Lab report is Lab report is Lab report is Lab report is
/ typed neatly neatly written or handwritten
Organizatio (documentation), handwritten and typed, but and looks
n neatly hand uses headings formatting does sloppy with
written and uses and subheadings not help visually cross-outs,
headings and to visually organize the multiple
subheadings to organize the material. erasures and/or
visually organize material. tears and
the material. creases. 10
Total /20
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