• Inadequate variety might result in
micronutrient deficiencies.
Soft Bland Diet:
READ PPT
For example. Nagpabunot ka ng ngipin diba ang
rinerequire saatin is yung mga soft foods muna para hindi
ma trigger yung pag bleed ng gums kung saan natanggal
ang ngipin at para na rin hindi pumasok sa loob yung
hard food baka mag cause pa ito ng infection.
PURPOSE
 The foods included are limited to non-
stimulating, non-irritating and mildly seasoned
products.
 This diet should be individualized according to
your appetite and food tolerance. With time and
recovery, you may be able to expand this diet to
you tolerances.
 The bland or soft diet is designed to decrease
peristalsis and avoid irritation of the
gastrointestinal tract.
 All nutrients are available on the Bland Diet.
Texture is modified by offering items that are
easily digested, moderately low in roughage and
very mildly seasoned products.
 Tender foods are used such as cooked
vegetables, canned fruits, and refined breads and
cereals.
 Fried foods and highly seasoned foods, pepper,
caffeinated beverages and alcohol may cause
distress and, therefore, are eliminated.
 A bland diet is designed primarily to help
patients recover from gastrointestinal conditions
or other medical circumstances in which
improved digestion would be essential.
 It is not especially effective as a long-term
weight loss diet, although portion sizes are
strictly controlled. Many people find a bland diet
to be very difficult to maintain, although some
find the use of acceptable spice alternatives does
make it easier.
1. Nutritional Needs:
• Easily digestible proteins (lean meats,
tofu, eggs)
• Refined carbohydrates (white rice,
pasta, soft bread)
• Limited fats (preferably healthy fats like
olive oil)
• Cooked and peeled vegetables
• Soft fruits without seeds or skins
• Adequate hydration (water, herbal teas,
clear broths)
2. Potential Nutritional Problems:
• Reduced fiber intake may lead to
constipation.
3. Recommended Diet:
• Well-cooked proteins (poultry, fish,
tofu)
• Refined grains and cereals
• Cooked and peeled vegetables
• Soft fruits and well-cooked/canned
options
• Adequate fluids
Dietary Guidlines a Food List
 Eat three regular meals a day without snacks
since all food stimulates acid output.
 Eat foods slowly, chew well and avoid stomach
distention with large quantities of food.
 Use milk sparingly because it stimulates gastric
acid secretion.
 Use salt and very mild seasonings. Avoid heavy
spices such as chili peppers, black pepper, chilis
powder and highly seasoned foods.
 Dietary fiber may be added since there is no
evidence that dietary is harmful.
 Choose whole grain, enriched, or refined breads
and cereals. Avoid large amounts of unprocessed
bran.
 Cook by baking, boiling, broiling, roasting,
stewing, microwaving or creaming. Avoid
frying.
 Avoid caffeinated beverages, coffee and tea
products because of the caffeine, theobromine,
and tannins.
 Citric acid juices may be irritating to some
individuals.
 Avoid aspirin, non steroidal anti-inflammatory
4. Indications
 stomach or intestinal surge
 ulcers diseases
 heartburn
 nausea and vomiting
 Gastroesophageal reflux disease
 Gas and Flatulence
 Gastritis
 Dyspepsia
Mechanical Diet:
READ PPT
Ito yung diet na recommended naman sa mga taong may
swallowing disorders like dysphagia difficulty
swallowing na dulot ng stroke, parkinsons disease, or
mga may complications sa head and neck.) esophageal
disorders
diba pag may ganitong sakit si patient sympre mg food na
madaling madurog para naman hindi siya mahirapan.
 1. Nutritional Needs:
• Soft or finely chopped proteins (ground
meat, fish, eggs)
• Cooked or finely chopped vegetables
• Soft fruits without seeds or skins
• Well-cooked grains and cereals
• Adequate hydration
2. Potential Nutritional Problems:
• Risk of insufficient fiber intake, leading
to constipation.
• Chewing difficulties may impact
nutrient absorption.
3. Recommended Diet:
• Ground or finely chopped proteins
• Cooked and finely chopped vegetables
• Soft fruits without seeds or skins
• Well-cooked grains and cereals
• Adequate fluids
4. Deficiencies:
• Potential deficiencies in fiber, and
chewing difficulties may affect nutrient absorption.
1. Indications
1. Dysphagia: Difficulty swallowing,
which can be caused by conditions such as stroke,
neurological disorders, or certain surgeries.
2. Dental Problems: Individuals with
missing teeth, dental pain, or other oral issues may find it
challenging to chew regular solid foods.
3. Postoperative Recovery: After certain
surgical procedures, a temporary switch to a mechanical
soft diet can aid in the healing process, especially for oral
or throat surgeries.
4. Neurological Conditions: Diseases like
Parkinson’s or conditions affecting muscle coordination
may warrant a mechanical soft diet to accommodate
swallowing difficulties.
5. Elderly Population: Older adults who
may experience challenges with chewing or have reduced
dental function may benefit from a mechanical soft diet.
6. Esophageal Disorders: Conditions
affecting the esophagus, such as strictures or motility
disorders, may make it necessary to adopt a diet with
foods that are easier to swallow.
7. Rehabilitation Settings: Individuals
undergoing rehabilitation or recovery from certain health
events may be placed on a mechanical soft diet as part of
a phased approach to reintroducing solid foods.
Nutritional Problem
READ PPT
Example ng malnutrition na sakit is yung kwashiorkor at
marasmus.
1. Kwashiorkor- kulang ang protein intake ng bata
2. Marasmus- kulang ang protein, carbohydrates at fats
intake ng isang bata.
Examples of nutritional problems include:
•Iron deficiency anemia due to insufficient intake of iron-
rich foods. ito naman kulang sa iron intake
•Obesity resulting from excessive calorie consumption.
over consumption sa mga matatabang pagkain rich in
calorie
•Vitamin D deficiency due to limited exposure to
sunlight.
•Malnutrition in undernourished individuals lacking
essential nutrients.
•Eating disorders like anorexia nervosa, leading to severe
nutritional imbalances. (anorexia nervosa ito yung mga
taong takot tumaba) kaya linilimit nila ang mga kinakain
withou knowing na nagiging kulang na ang body nila sa
nutrients kaya naglilead ng low body weight.
1. Nutritional Needs:
1. Proteins: Crucial for tissue repair,
enzyme function, and overall body structure.
2. Carbohydrates: Primary energy source,
particularly important for the brain.
3. Fats: Provide energy, support cell
structure, and aid in nutrient absorption.
4. Vitamins: Essential for various
biochemical processes and overall health.
5. Minerals: Play crucial roles in bone
health, nerve function, and metabolic processes.
6. Water: Critical for hydration, nutrient
transportation, and temperature regulation.
7. Fiber: Supports digestive health, helps
prevent constipation, and may contribute to heart health.
8. Phytonutrients: Plant compounds with
potential health benefits, found in fruits, vegetables, and
whole grains.
9. Antioxidants: Help protect cells from
damage caused by free radicals, present in certain
vitamins and minerals.
10. Essential Fatty Acids: Omega-3 and
omega-6 fatty acids play crucial roles in brain function
and inflammation regulation.
11. Adequate Calories: Necessary to meet
energy requirements for daily activities and bodily
functions.
3. Recommended Diet:
1. Fruits and Vegetables:
• Include a variety of colorful fruits and
vegetables for a range of vitamins, minerals, and
antioxidants.
2. Whole Grains:
• Choose whole grains like brown rice,
quinoa, and whole wheat for fiber, vitamins, and
sustained energy.
3. Proteins:
 • Include lean protein sources such as 16. Hypertension: High blood pressure often
poultry, fish, beans, legumes, tofu, and nuts for muscle linked to sodium intake.
maintenance and repair. 17. Osteoporosis: Weakens bones due to
4. Healthy Fats: inadequate calcium and vitamin D.
• Opt for sources of unsaturated fats like 18. Celiac Disease: Immune response to
avocados, olive oil, and fatty fish for heart health. gluten affecting nutrient absorption.
5. Dairy or Dairy Alternatives: 19. Food Allergies and Intolerances:
• Include low-fat or alternative sources for Adverse reactions to specific foods.
calcium and vitamin D to support bone health. 20. Dehydration: Inadequate water intake
6. Limit Processed Foods: affecting overall health.
• Minimize processed and sugary foods to
reduce added sugars, sodium, and unhealthy fats.
7. Hydration:
• Drink an adequate amount of water
throughout the day to stay hydrated.
8. Portion Control:
• Pay attention to portion sizes to
maintain a healthy weight and balance calorie intake.
9. Moderation:
• Enjoy treats and less healthy foods in
moderation, emphasizing overall balance.
10. Meal Timing:
• Aim for regular, balanced meals to
maintain steady energy levels throughout the day.

4. Deficiencies:
• Deficiencies can vary based on specific
nutrients but may include iron, vitamin D, vitamin B12,
Vit A., depending on dietary choices.

Indications
1. Malnutrition: Inadequate or excess
intake of nutrients.
2. Vitamin A Deficiency: Can lead to
vision problems and compromised immune function.
3. Iron Deficiency Anemia: Insufficient
iron affecting red blood cell production.
4. Iodine Deficiency Disorders: Affects
thyroid function and can lead to goiter.
5. Zinc Deficiency: Impacts growth,
immune function, and wound healing.
6. Folate Deficiency: Essential for cell
division, deficiency can lead to neural tube defects.
7. Vitamin D Deficiency: Essential for
bone health and immune function.
8. Calcium Deficiency: Affects bone
health and can lead to osteoporosis.
9. Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM):
Inadequate protein and calorie intake.
10. Kwashiorkor: A form of malnutrition
characterized by protein deficiency.
11. Marasmus: Severe malnutrition resulting
from inadequate calorie intake.
12. Obesity: Excessive body fat,
contributing to various health issues.
13. Eating Disorders: Conditions like
anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge-eating
disorder.
14. Cardiovascular Diseases: Diet-related
risk factors impacting heart health.
15. Type 2 Diabetes: Influenced by diet and
lifestyle factors.