Baso - Bila Xuxe - Note 2 3

ARBAMINC’E YUNBURUSTE
DERETETHTHA SAYNSENNE ASABATETHA

KOLLOOJJE GAMOTHTHO DOONANNE BILA-XUUFE
DIPPARTIMENTE
❖ KORSE QOMMO: BAASO BILA-XUUFE

❖ KORSE SHAAKO: ELGA-2091
BAASO BILA-XUUFE(ELGA-2061) KORSE , 2015M.L. 1

SHEMPO ISSINO
1.1. Bila-xuufe birshetha

Beegoththo Oyshata
1.Bila-xuufey aazee?
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2. Hayssappe kase bila-xuufe nabbaba erazii? Ne zaaroy “Ee!” giza

gidik, lo’’on xaafida xaafanchay gaaggidee?
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3.Bila-xuufe giddon eqo(form) gishin aazi guussee?
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4.Kase woden xaafettida bila –xuufeta nabbaboy aazas go’izee?
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5.Ha korse tamaari wursidappe ay ayfe erata demmandis gaada
qoppay?-------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Daro Lo’’o!
Ane hayssappe garsan dumma dumma asati, dumma dumma

wodeninne xeelon bila- xuufes immida dalgawanne paatetha
birshe(general & specific definition) xeellos.
1.2 Bila-xuufe Dalgawa Birshetha

▪ Bila-xuufey, asa duusappe ekettidi, asan medhettidi, suuren
gidin yuushon asa nayta bagga yootettidi, zaaridi asas
shiiqizayssa gididi asa na’a duussara mino gaagetethi
de’izayssakko.
▪ Bila-xuufey dumma dumma mdhon doona go’etan
medhettizayssa, asataba asatan asatas giigizayssa, asata
duussanne de’o tumatetha issi bolla waaxi oykkizayssa gididi
duunaninne xuufe bolla zempiza medhdhi oothokko(Zerihun
Asfaw,2009).
1.3 Bila-xuufe Paatetha birshetha
Ubba qommo bila-xuufeti asa nayta doonay medhettida wodeppe

doommidi de’ettes. Hayssas, billa xuufes imettiza birshey
dummates. Ane kaallidi shiiqida birshethi be’os.
▪ Bila-xuufey wodeppe woden aadhizayssanne salosa koshsha

gidida miishshakko.

▪ Bila-xuufey dere asata woga buqurakko.
▪ Bila-xuufey asa nayti be hupheppe medhdhi xaafiza oothokko.
Ha medhdhi xaafoy-xaafo medhdhiwa (art) kaalles. Xuufeykka be

giddon tuma qofata(true experience) nne heera lo’etata oykkidi
eranchata qofa, dere asata go’eta yeletappe yeletan aatheththes.
▪ Bila-xuufey asa qofa kochchan qonc’isiza wursethanne dhoqqa

paatekko.
▪ Bila-xuufey asa na’ay; qofa oorathanas, qofa gujjanas,
dalganas, maaddizayssakko.
▪ Bila-xuufe c’ora asatara gaytethi, haratti qofa woykko issi
miishshes salosa hanotas harati medhdhiza xeello, qofa, kiita,
guugge, nunatetha keehi eranas go’’iza miishshakko.
▪ Bila-xuufey issi qofa aattizayssanne bessiza eqon xaafettida
xuufekko.
1.4 Eranchati bila-xuufe bolla immida qofata
▪ Bila-xuufey nu nu duussa eranas, nu duussan ufaythanas

maaddiza miishshakko( Dr. Johnson).
▪ Bila-xuufe issi asas duussa losekko(Waltter Raleigh).
▪ Daanna Annie Dillard billa-xuufa aazatethi paatti yootishe:-
➢ Bila-xuufey asa na’a duussanne gallassa hanota qonc’issi
woyikko kessi beso besses,
➢ Salosa ereta/kase ereta denthetho/qopiso besses,

➢ Hanotatas birshe medho koshshes/birshe
medhdhanadan maado besses; hanotata woykko salo-
sa’awa tumata zaari qofan xeellanas maado besses,
➢ Bila-xuufey eriza miishshe eronta woykko ooratha xeellon
xeellana mala ooththes/ooththanas besses,
➢ Bila-xuufey aaththiza kiita xalala gidonta ay ogen kiitay
aadhdhidan xeelo besses,
➢ Bila xuufey asa na’a taariken adussa wodes gam’ida bila-
erata (Kine xibeb) gididayssas, daro qofati dendishe, daro
qofa mootetethinne pilgethati oothettida mac’arakko gidi
dalgan be qofa immides.
▪ Daanna Zarihun Asfay (2009), “bila-xuufey asa na’ati qofa
qonc’isiza hiillakko. Gido attin, koyettiza ogen giigi xaafettikon,
qaalan (xuufen) qonc’iday ubbay /wuri/ bila-xuufen
taybettenna” gides.
▪ Shipley, geetettiza eranchay “bila-xuufey doona go’ettidi asa
na’a hanota xuufen qonc’issiza xaafo biiramokko” gides.
▪ Gray,geetettiza eranchay “bila-xuufey ginxota, adussa
taariketa, hani-besota, qantha taariketa medhiwa(artistic) hiilla
woyikko mal’ethidi gaagotetha medhanaw xuufen giigiso”gides.
▪ Ranewelke, geetettiza eranchay “bila-xuufey dere asata giddon
de’iza haaro gididi he dere asata issipetetha duussa hanota
qonc’issizayssakko” gides.

Xaaxi waaxi xeellishin, bollan bila-xuufes imettida birshethay issi
qommo gidenna. Gaasoykka birshethay wodeppe woden,
eranchappe eranchaninne dereppe deren dummatiza gishshakko.
Kumeththan xeellishin, Daanna Zarihun Asfay(2009) qonc’issida

mala, oonakkon xuufen uttida miishshi wuri bila xuufe giidi ekkanas
danda’ettenna. Gidoattin, bila-xuufe leemiso gidanas danda’izayti:-
➢ Ginxo
➢ Hani-beso
➢ Qanthanne adussa wozi-yela
➢ Duuna yootota( haysse’e, qan’ishe, dhooringe, tosse,adussa
taarike h.h.m)
1.5 Bila-Xuufe Kando
1. Merinawatetha(Permenancy)
Hayssa guussay, asay woykko dereti qofa medhdhettes. Ha

medhettida qofati merinas yeletappe yeleta aadherettishe dhayonta
gam’izayssa qonc’isses.
2. Salosa dosetetha
Hayssa guussay, ubba salosa dethan de’iza deretan eketettes

woyikko dosetettes guussakko.
Kumeththan, billa-xuufe go’ettidi nu xeellanas bessizay, issi kaaran

xaafettida miishsheta qofa (opinion) xalala gidonta, billa xuufe

gaaththan beettiza qofata salosa detha ekketa ( universal interest)
gidanas bessess.
3. Medhiwatetha(artistic form)
Bila-xuufe asa na’i lo’’o xaafo hiillaninne mal’ethoy de’iza hanotan

issi qofa(kiita) be kahappe medhidi xaafes woyikko giigisses.
4. Dummatizanne doorettida kochchatan giigetetha
Hayssa guussay bila-xuufe imathanne losettonta kochchata go’ettes

guussakko.
5. Birshe ballatetha(ambiguity)
Hayssa guussay dumma dumma nabbabanchatas woyikko

ezganchatas dumma dumma birshetha immes guussakko.
Leemisos issi bila-xuufe 10 asati nabbabikko woyikko ezgikko

tammatikka be demmiza birshethay(akeekay) dummates guussa.
6. Ayfe qofa(kiita) moogetetha
Hayssa guussay c’iimma qofay woyikko kiitay qonc’en uttenna

woyikko geemmidi uttes guussakko.
1.6 Billa-xuufe Du-lo’eta (Qualities of Literature)
Ane hayssappe garsan bila-xuufe du-lo’eta xeellos.
▪ Asa na’a heeran de’iza tumatanne lo’eta xolqayes.

▪ Bila-xuufen medhdhiway kochcha go’etan asa na’a duussa
qonc’ises.

▪ Agumoyes
▪ Qofa immanas haratas dooya gido
▪ Ufayssizayssa gido
▪ Gaaththa denthetho
▪ Duussa aazatetha erisses
▪ Nabbabancha woykko ezgancha wozinanne qofa ekkesinne
nuni zaarethi nabbabanas suukeses.
▪ Wozina ekko
1.7 Bila-xuufe tamaaro go’a/gaaso/
Beegotho oysha
Ane hayssappe kaallidi qonc’ida oyshata ne loseppe woykko nes

de’iza kase eran zempada zaara.
a. Billa xuufe tamaaroy aazas koshshiddee?
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b. Billa xuufe nabbaboy doona timirttes ay maaddizee?
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c. Billa xuufey dereta wogara aazin dabbotanas danda’izee?
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Bila-xuufe tamaaroy kaallidi shiiqida go’a immanas danda’es.
Izetikka:-
1. Harata qofa demmanas

Salosa deththan de’iza bila-xuufeti be giddon dumma dumma
asa nayta eretatanne ereta hanota oykkides.
Leemisos,
✓ Nu ammano
✓ Nuna zaari xeello
✓ Nu kaalliza duussa hiilla/Oge
✓ Nu qofanne
✓ Salosara de7iza gaageteth( interactions with world) oykkes.
Hara asa naytas duussara oykkettiza miishsheta xaafon gidin
haasaya medhdhiwan go’ettidi ereta demises woykko
tamarsses.
2. Harata woganne dereta ammano paatti eranas
Taarikkey, issi dere wogatanne dere ammanota karera uttidi gaaththi

xeellon hanotata aazatethi tamaares. Hara baggara, bila-xuufey issi
dere woganne dereta ammano losana mala maaddes. Gido attin, ha
billa-xuufey hanota xeellizay gaaththa baggara geeshshikko. Harata
woganne dere ammano eranas danda’ettizay, harata wogan beesi
giidi ekkonne losonikko. Gido attin, hayssa mala hanota daro wode
asa na’i ekkenna/dosenna.

Issi dere asay awappe yidakkon eriza gidikko, he dere asatara wozina
gina qofa gaaggandassa, izettikkan koshshida keena qofan
gaaggandettes.
3. Guugge/anggole/ ooththisanas( to exercise our brain)
Nu huuphen hara bollata mala qaatho koyes. C’ora billa-xuufeti be

oykkida ayfe kiitta eeson birshey beettonta mala gididi xaafetettes
woykko yootettetes. Hayssas, ha qotettida kiita demmanas c’uchchu
mittida asa-mala gaaththi gelidi nabbabo besses.
4. Nunatethi xeellana maaddes
Billa xuufey issi asi bena eranas (paac’c’anas) maaddes. Nerka ne

oonatethi, asatethi, woykko kandota woykko qofata xeellanas
maaddes. Billa xuufe nunatethi zaari bessiza mastotekko.
5. Doona dichchanas
Bila-xuufe tamaaroy doona ereta qaratanne doonan go’etanas

wozina denthethes. Doonay de’iza miishshetan aysos,keehi
maaddiza masarakko.
6. Kobe ereta gujjanas

Ooratha kochcha eroy ooratha qofata dichchanas maaddes.
7. Nabbabanchchas dalgga qofa dichchanas
qofa imo ereta dalgisanas, ooratha ereta dichchanas, lose demmanas

maaddes.

Kuushsha oysha
1. Ha shempo tamaarada neeni demmida era paattada xaafa.
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SHEMPO NAM’A
2. BILA-XUUFE SHAAKOTA
Bila-xuufes nam’u qommo shaakoti de’oosona.
Izetikka:-
1. Duuna(xaafettonta) bila-xuufe
2. Xaafettida bila-xuufekko.
2.1 DUUNA(XAAFETTONTA) BILA-XUUFE BIRSHETHTHA
Beegotho Oyshata
1.Duuna bila-xuufes go’ay aazee?
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2.Duuna bila-xuufen moodettiza bila-xuufe qommoti awayssatee?
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❖ Duuna (xaafettonta) bila-xuufey bila-xuufe mac’ara gididi

kase asa nayti medhettishin izeta duussara issi bolla
medhettizayssanne kushe xaafoy losetanappe kasetidi
yeletappe yeletas duuna yooton woyikko xaafettonta
aadhizayssakko.

❖ Xaafettonta bila-xuufey tamaaronta deretas de’iza gam’ida
kaxa qofa haratas yooton,yethan, gufan qonc’issiza ogekko.
2.2 Duuna Bila-Xuufe Go’a

Duuna bila-xuufey asa na’as cora(gita) go’a immes.
Heyssatikka:
➢ Metoppe Kessi eko go’a

➢ Tamaariso go’a
➢ Teqe go’a
➢ Ufaysso/Pashkkiso) go’a
➢ Asa na’anne dumma dumma medhetata eeshsha(kanddo)
qoncissanas go’’es.
➢ Duuna bila-xuufey issi dere asas buqura(haaro).
➢ Duuna bila-xuufey doona dichchanaw maaddes.
➢ Duuna bila-xuufey asa na’a xuura gidida qofata
qonccissanas, asa na’a minthethanas, issi dere
oonatethanne buqura haratas qoncissanas go’’es.
(Yeeho woga, yeththa woga, bullachcha woga, muussa,ushsha, maayo

woga, goyno woga haratas qoncissanas dandda’os)
2.3 Duuna bila-xuufe qommota
Duuna bila-xuufe qommoti paydon keehippe darokko.
Ane kaallidi shiiqidayta xeellos:
1. Tosse
2. Haysu’e

3. Qan’ishe
4. Dhooringe/dhenke
5. Anjo
6. Gerersa
7. Gayro
8. Zilalsa
9. Dumma dumma yeththata (ufayissa, gashe nayta yeththi,
bullachcha, kayo, ootho, agina) yeththata h.h.m. oyikkes.
1.Tosse
Tossey duuna bila-xuufe macara gididi issi dere asay dumma dumma
hanotataninne sohon kiita aathanasinne gaagotetha medhdhanas
go’ettiza bila-haasa’a qommokko.
Tossey issi deres woga ,ammanuwa, meto birshechcha ogetanne

kumetha deretetha goobatethanne allaallera oykettida qofatas pulto
gidanas danda’es.
Dumma dumma tossetas dumma dumma birsheththay de’izayissi

tumakko. Ane kaallidi shiiqizayta aakon xeelloos.
➢ Garo/gadho/ geliday gafetenna.
Garoy /Gadhoy kawoy be shuure giddon be dere asas koshshiya

pirda, woga, h.h.m immiza bessakko. Hara odan qasse, Garo woyikko
Arba Minc’e yida asi minni ooththikko waayonna demmidi ba
koshsha alisanayissa yootiza tossekko. Gujjishin qasse, Garon neni
koyida ba leemisos haaththa, miththa-ayfe, mole, muuze ubba xoossi

medhdhida gishshaw Garo yiikko kallada simmanayissa bessiza
tossekko.
➢ Asa ammanoppite asho kana naagisoppite
Ay ooththin asa giddon wordoy dhayenna; asakkon ammaneteththi

pac’e gididayissanne asas ne immida deththay dhoqqa gidi uttin izi
kalxidi geellason pe’ishin hayissa mala tosse go’ettassa guussa.
➢ Asayissi ayfe lagge bayissi balla miththi
Hayissa guussi neeyissa gidonnabay c’oo ayfen xeelossappe attin

harabas maaddonnayissa bessees. Asa miishshi palahay de’ikkokka
nena metoppe ashhenna. Gido attin, guuxxin darin, neyissi nena
metoppe kessi ekkes guussa.
➢ Quuroy qoollo qullada be qefe taman heemmaws
Ba era gidonnaban danda’ay bayinnason asayissa be’idi hara asatho

oosoy/hanoy meton yeggizayissa bessees.
➢ Asa na’a yelo gikke agina poo’o gikke
Asaba gididabi ubbay go’ettanaw injjetenna/otorsenna

/ammanthenna guussa.
➢ Ac’o iitappe guufe lo’o ekkeettes
Haysa guussi issi asi hara asappe tal’ida miishsha gelido c’aaqo
maaran wode naagidi zaaronta ixxiko, c’oo hada attanagappe
guuxxikkokka be miishshas go’a demoy lo’o giza qofa oykkees.

➢ Asan asi dees ashon paashshi dees
Asa giddon asaas lo’o qoppizay, deres lo’o qoppiza asi dhayenna
guussa. Asi lo’o ooso dethan ubbay issi gina gidennaysa besses.
➢ Asho kallin zo’o miizi iitees
Issi ba ne issitoho demma simmidappe guye wontoppe iza misatiza

demmikkokka dari koshshenna misatees woyikko demmidappe guye
shaatetetha/ixa qonc’isees.
➢ Awa wullay qamma adde gelay c’ima
Layththay gakkenna gidikkokka asi ooththiza miishshi oothizay

asara ginattis guussa. Wodey yelaga gidikkokka ekkidappe woyikko
gelidappe guye na’atethi deenna dondzadan qoppanaw bessees
guussa.
➢ Aawu dishin dhe’a away dishin woxxa
Ubba miishshikka wodera oosetti polettikko lo’o; wodey aadhdhikko

giigennaysa bessanas maaddiza tosse.
➢ Ayfe c’addana miththi ayfes beettenna
Ha tossey qonc’isizay be bolla gakkana meto keeththa aaway

erennayissa bessees.
➢ Azalla xoyllen kafoy she’ees
Azallay ooso dosonnaysa bessees. Bees imettida ooso polonna

aggikko hara giigennabay gaytanaysanne azallatethi lo’ennaysa
bessiza tossekko.

➢ Azallay aawa gade aggidi asa gade goyees
Ooso dosonna asi oosettanaw bessiza miishshi ooththonnayissa

yootanaw go’a bolla pe’iza tosse qommokko.
➢ Be kallo kammonta firifithiya zaalla kammawsu
Ha tossey qonc’isizay issi asi bees ayikkoy baynashin hara asas issi
miishsha immizaysa besses.
➢ Pude woxxishin ixxikko duge woxxeettes
Wolqappe darida metoy gakkishin bees hanennabata ubba ooththi

xeellizaysanne dooroy dhaydayissa bessees.
➢ Baadhay c’o’’u c’oommay c’o’’u
Erizayinne erontay ubbay issi hanidaba oychishin yashshas gido

usa c’oo gidi odonnayissa besses.
➢ Baana gidabay baaththappe bees
Ha tosse qonc’isizay nees anjettonnabi neni ay qosin, minjin naagin

dhayana giikko attennayissa qonc’issees.
➢ Baaththa dulle gakki meec’ana gay ba dulle bessees
Hara asa bolla gakkido meton maado aggidi miic’c’iza gidikko izakka
simmidi metoy gakkanaw danda’izaysa bessees.

➢ Baaththi baynnason xaaroy ta baaththi gees
➢ Haysi waanakko hanidi issinno soho demmida asi zaari
yedisanaw keehi waayisizaysa bessees. Woyikko, hanotazi
gina gidiza asi dhayikko dizaysa ekkeettes gizaysa bessees.
➢ Baas gin baac’ay unc’a qanxees
Ay waayisikkoka asi baas gididaban daaburanaw yayyenna
gaanas go’iza tossekko.
➢ Baboy ba na’a banga muzees
Ha tossey qonc’isizay, wogas, seeras, deres, gutas baboy lo’’o

gidoyissa bessees.
➢ Gathontaso gakkay koolontasoppe meqqes
Asa miishsha giddo shoobbonna geloy hara meto gujjeesippe attin

qopa sigethenna guussakko.
➢ Boozaya baqqida ukethay bashen laappuna ke’es.
Hayissi qonc’isizay issi miishshi hiillatethi eronna asan oothisoy

hara guja meto bolla gathizayissakko.
➢ Bena demmonta geleshshoy be na’a tellon miic’ees.
Hayissi qonc’isizay asi be mooro woyikko iitatethi demmi erennashin

hara asa mooro eeson demmizaysa yootees woyikko bena geeshshi
eronna asata leemiso bessanaas go’iza tossekko.
Gujanikka, tosse asa na’a gallassa gallassa de’on asa nayta dumma
dumma hanotata qonc’isiza bila-haasaya qommokko.

Ane gujanikka kaallidi shiiqida leemisotanne qonc’isota xeellos.
1.Mac’c’ata goobateththa qonc’isses.
Leemisos: Mac’c’inne maxiney mal’eththees.
Mac’c’i bayinna keeththinne miizzi bayinna zadaloy
maaddenna.
Ha bollan paatettida nam’u leemiso haasa’ata xeellishin,

kumeththan mac’c’a asata minotetha qonc’issizayta.
2. Gagga woyikko minja lo’otetha qonc’isses.
Leemisos:Yeddi bessay yeekki geles,shiishshi oyikkay siiti ganxees.
:Haariday harpa, maayiday c’urqa.
:Gaggay bayinna gac’inoy goda taybes.
3. Otoro iitateththa qonc’isses.
Leemisos :Otoroy michche dhantha oythees.
:Kallennay guppenna, guppennay meqqenna.
Ha leemiso haasa’ata xeellishin, bana ziqqi histizanne naagettiza asi

bonchettizayissanne bena otoron kunthidi dhoqqu dhoqqu histiza
asi guuxxizayissa qonc’isses.
4. Ac’o iitatetha qonc’isses.
Leemisos:Haaththe uyidara haatturashe aqin,parso uyidara

paachurashe aqawus.
:Ac’oy bayinna manqo,hargey bayinna gilqa.
:Ac’oy de’iyoy giya gelenna.
Ha bollan qonc’ida tosseta xeellishin, ac’oy bayinnan duussay

woppatethanne sarotetha gidoyissa qonc’issosona.
5 .Asa na’a iita eeshsha(kando) bessoosona.
Leemisos: Iita asi iissi c’ayees.
:Kayso kushe duufon qaaxxes.
:Iita na’i hayqa gin yeletti kumes.
Ha heedzdzu leemisotikka asa na’as de’iza iita eeshsha

qonc’issosona.
6. Ootho bonchotetha qoncisses.
Leemisos:Duc’ay ixxin uttay ganjey ixxin laawes.
:Zokkoy ixxin oothay gac’oy ixxin c’oommes.
Kumethan ha leemisota paattidi xeellishin,daro daaburidi oothoppe

guyen gita duretethi woyikko bonchoy de’izayissa besses.
7. Eeso iitateththa qonc’sses.
Leemisos:Eeso godarey kac’e saxxees.
:Eesotidara laalada maxawus.

:Eesoy boora maaththees.
Ha bollan qonc’ida tosseta paattidi xeellishin, eesotethi ehiza qoha

qonc’issosona.
8.Asa na’a azallatetha qonc’issosona.
Leemiso:Azallay sanbatan goyees.
:Azallay aawa gade shaachches.
Azalla na’appe adussa gatumi keha.
:Azalla doore bolla geleshshoy kaa’ees.
Ha tosseti qonc’issiza mala, azalla asi be wode halchon

go’ettennaysanne pathennaysa qonc’issosona.
9. Qaada iitatetha qonc’issosona.
Leemiso:
:Qaada iita dhiilley tambora gaagges.
:Aaway qangido na’ay bone oyissa zal’idi balgo maxine zal’es.
Ha tossey qonc’isizay asa na’as qaadi iitikko lo’’onne koyidoba

demmonnan iita sohon attizayissa besses.
10. Xillotetha qonc’ssosona.
Leemisos: Xillosinne c’uwas ogey dhayenna.

Ha tossey bessizay issi xillo asa bolla hara genenne makkala qoppiza
asati ay iitaba oothikokka he iitanne gene qofay iza gakkonnayissa
besses.
Meeze 1:Intes de’iza kase era go’ettidi kaallidi shiiqida qofatara
gaaggiza tosseta paattidi xaafite.
a.Goobateththa yootiza tosseta
n. Azallatethi yootiza tosseta
e. Zore immiza tosseta
d. Issi asas de’iza ammanora oykettiza tosseta
Meeze 2: Kaalli imettida tosseta kumeththa histana danda’isiza
qofata xaafa.
a. Wodey wobbin gadhan _____________________
n. Ufara mida geleshshoy ____________________
e. Goda ammanida kanay ____________________
d. Iita kanay _________________________________
i. Ammanido mashshay______________________
y. Kalthana kaththay__________________________

2. Haysu’e
Haysu’e duuna bila-xuufe mac’ara gididi aadhdhiza woden hanin

aggin erizay bayinnashin erizayissa masatissidi asay asas yootishin
kase wodeppe doommidi yizayissakko.
Haysu’e yootettishin, haasa’iza addey “haysu’e hanees!” giikko

ezganchay/ezganchati “Haniddi wogees!” giidi zaaro immosona.
Haysu’e haasayay nam’u woyikko nam’uppe bolla gidida asata

qoodan polettanas danda’es.
Haysu’e Leemiso: Ec’erenne Gawara Kaasse
Paydon keehi c’ora ec’ereti demba ke’idi kaa’ishe issi c’inc’a gawariya
gakkada eeta kaassan walakettada kaa’anas oychishin ec’ereti
“akkay neeni nuna maana nenaara kaa’okko!” gin gawariya” taani
entena maana giyakko koyroppe oykada miikkinaa?” gada balethin
eeya ec’ereti” ero kaa’a!” gin c’inc’a ec’ereti,qasse” ero nunara kaa’a!
gizaytara neeni kaa’ishin nuuni be’idi kaa’ana” giidi gaxa ke’ida. Izeti
kaassa bolla de’ishin gadey qammin gawariya bantaso baana
dendashe “inteppe issi ec’ere nu so be’idi yaanas immite, taani
intenara pe’oho” gin “eeya ec’eretappe issoy bo!” giidi azazin saron
ekkada baada bantaso gathonta ogen margadus. Wonto yaada “
intesoppe taani efida ec’eriya nu soo duussa lo’’uwa be’ada yiikke!
gadus biidi be’ite!” gaada simma simmada daro ec’ereta efada
bantaso dabbotas gathada daro ec’ereta mizin wursethan c’inc’a
ec’erey “ nunikka baana, gidoppe attin kase nu heerappe
bidaysatappe issuwa ekkada yaada nuna wursa efa,akkay giikko nu

dabbotethay atto!” gin izakka, “efikke!” gin wursethan
kac’ettida.Gawares de’iza qofay ubba ec’ereta ma wursoshin c’inc’a
ec’ereti attidi ec’ere zerethi dhommidi dhayonta mala ashshida
geettes.
Pulto: Gamoththo Haysu’eta Maxaafe, Shaye76
Meeze 1: Kaallidi shiiqida oyshatas bollan shiiqida haysu’e baaso
oothada suure zaaro xaafa.
A.Ha haysu’es kaaray aazee?
________________________________________________________________
N. Hasu’e bolla c’inc’a geetettiday oonee?
________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
E. Haysu’e bolla eeya geetettiday oonee?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
D. Ha haysu’es poloy aazi gididee?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
I.Bollan shiiqida haysu’en taarikey aazee?

Y. Gusima paattada xaafa.
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
T. Ha haysu’es ayfe qofay aazee?
________________________________________________________________
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3. Qan’ishe
Beegotho Oyshata
A.Qan’ishe aazee?
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
N. Qan’ishe awudenne awan kaa’ettizee?
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
E. Kase asay qan’ishe aazas kaa’izee?
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
Qan’iishey duuna bila-xuufe mac’ara gididi asa nayta gaaththa

akeeka deththa yiggi xeellanaw dubbushaninne shempo wodetan
asati wode aaththanaw issipetethan haasa’iza haasa’a qommo.

Qan’ishe daro wode kase asati kaa’izay dumma dumma oothota
gallassi polidi simmidi omarsi wode aathanasikko.
Qan’ishe kaa’ishin, Oychizay “Nena qan’ishe!” giikko, Zaaro immizay

qasse, “qashe!” giidi zaaro immes.
Zaarizaaddey zaaro eronna aggikko qasse, “mokkis!” gees. Heysappe

guyen oychizaddey zaaro yootees guussakko.
Qonc’iso: O= Oychizaadde
Z=Zaaro immiza adde
Leemiso:
O: Nena qan’ishe!
Z: Qashe!
O: Irsase xeeray c’addennan xaafes.
Z: Mokkadis.
O: Tamaarida asa ayfe xompennan poo’es.
O=Qan’ishe
Z=Qashe
O=Haaththay sa’an gukkes
Z=Ne wordoy kutto suqisses.
O= Aafo duunan anka
Z=Adde duunan shaala
O=Abban gurba togga
Z=Guson ayfe meec’c’a
O=Ankappe luuley baawashin tuussi eqqenna

Z=Ne aawappe goobay baawashin shooge ashshenna.
=Bazzo baqqa c’aaqqa
Z=Duufo c’arqa meec’c’a danc’a
O=Giya giddoththa
Z=Giro laggeththa
O=Gooza uuththas gobbay baawa
Z=Ne mala dhaaqas toori baawa
O=Qan’ishe
Z=Qashe
O=Salo sansalata duuththa
Z=Mokkis
O=Duufo/duuho daannatetha ekka
O=Qan’ishe
Z=Qashe
O=Woxxashe woxxashe Wolayiththi gakka
Z=Hargashe hargashe meqeththi atta.
Meeze 1: Ane intenikka kifile laggetasinne inte astamaares
waaththan gididi qan’ishe yootite/haasa’ite.
O._______________________________________________________
Z. _______________________________________________________
O. _______________________________________________________

4. Dhooringe
Dhoringey duuna bila-xuufe mac’ara gididi nam’u asata(c’ugata)

giddon oysha shiishoninne zaaro imo hanotan polettiza haasaya
qommo gididi issi asa kaha beegotetha lo’ethi yiggizayissakko.
Gujan,dhooringey asa nayti nam’anne nam’appe bolla gididi issay

issaddeson dubbusha uttidi bena ufayssanas omarsi kaa’iza
kaassappe issinozakko.
Dhooringge haasa’ishin oychchiza asi, “nena dhooringe” giikko,

zaariza asi qassi, “dhose/dhote woyko xote” giidi zaaro immes
guussako. Zaaridaddey zaaro eronnan aggiko, qasse gade/dere imma
geetettes.
Leemiso: O= Oychizadde, Z=Zaarizadde
Leemiso:
Tonjo: Nena dhooringe!
Sharafe: dhose!
Tonjo: Nam’u addenne Oydu mac’ay dizaso era!
Sharafe:Balchantaso.
Tonjo: Ista!
Sharafe: Banqatintaso!
Tonjo: Erabeykka, dere imma!
Sharafe: Eeno Birbira ekka!
Tonjo: Ekkike! hara dere imma!

Sharafe: Eeno, Tungga ekka!
Tonjo: Babbulontaso!
Meeze 1: Kifile giddon ne laggera dhooringe kaa’a.
O._______________________________________________________
Z. _______________________________________________________
O. _______________________________________________________
Z. _______________________________________________________
O._______________________________________________________
Z. _______________________________________________________
5.Sedhimenke/Maaletho
Sedhimenke/Maalethoy duuna bila-xuufe mac’ara gididi nam’u

asata woykko c’ugata giddon oysha shiishoninne zaaro imon
kaa’ettiza(haasa’ettiza) kaassa qommokko.
Sedhimenke/Maaletho kaassan oysha shiishshiza asi

“sedhimenke!,maalethi!” giikko zaaro immiza asi qasse
“gaare!/makkalthi/maaththan kaththi!” gees.
Ha kaassan zaaro immiza asi zaaro eronnan aggikko,”Dere/Gade

imma/utissa geettes.
➢ O: Sedhimenke/Maaletho!
➢ Z: Gaare!/makkalthi/maaththan kaththi!”
➢ O: Aayi uloppe kezada aayo shoc’izaro era wodha!

➢ Z: Kibirite.
➢ O=Bees shoc’idi bees waasses.
➢ Z= Xurqafe
➢ O=Yelo erees dicho erenna
➢ Z=Shooshsha
➢ O=Hamettes xeellin beettenna
➢ Z=C’arko
➢ O=Kareththa woran kareththa do’a
➢ Z=Huuphe c’uuchcha
➢ O=Mishin mal’idi singishin sawenna
➢ Z=Maxine
➢ O=Wogga bashen qeeri uukethi
➢ Z=agina
Meeze 1: Kifile giddon ne laggera Sedhimenke/Maaletho kaa’a.
O._______________________________________________________
Z. _______________________________________________________
O. _______________________________________________________
Z. _______________________________________________________
O._______________________________________________________
Z. _______________________________________________________
O. _______________________________________________________
Z. _______________________________________________________

6.Anjo
Anjoy duuna bila-xuufes issi kifile gididi dere asay issoy issinozara
duussa maaran gaagotetha medhdhanas go’ettizayissakko.
Dere wogan dere asay beni wodeppe doommidi ha’i gatho bila-
haasa’an qofa laamerethishe gam’ida anjo leemisoti kaallidi
shiiqidosona.
✓ Banga maxishin=Baraato/uussatto
✓ Uuthi haashiza asa= Itimay utto
✓ Ooraththa keeththa keexxishin=Keeththay mehe woosso,
tuussay attuma na’a immo
✓ Badala bul’ishin=Karexxo,ayfo
✓ Kaththa zerishin gakkiko=Maadhdho, biitta c’ayi dolo
✓ Ooraththa mayo shammishin=Nena yeggi wuro,gaaratto
✓ Banga bukkishin=Baley eello
✓ Dono tokkishin=Mooho mentho
✓ Na’a yelikko=Dic’c’o, oshinchi oyikonta dic’c’o
✓ Mehe shammikko=Zedhe oyikko, gophphe kumo,zadalo kumo
✓ Machcho ekkiko=Yelu,gam’u,gaarattu
✓ Boye bookkishin=C’aayo
✓ Uuthi tokkishin=Goobo
✓ Yelida mac’c’a anjishin=Hashshu ne huuphey attides,hashshu
Xoossi birshides, Mayrama neekko habba gakkadus.
✓ Oto shammishin=Gal’o

✓ Qaxxarettida attuma asa anjishin=Kana kafo maduntha
gido,irxan
kesso
✓ Duufo bookkishin=Duufoy mayno h.h.m geetettidi anjettes.
Meeze 1: Ha bollan imettida leemiso go’ettada neni de’iza heeran
de’iza dere asay be gallassa gallassa duussan go’ettiza
anjotappe ichchashata xaafa.
A._______________________________________________________
N. _______________________________________________________
E. _______________________________________________________
D._______________________________________________________
I._______________________________________________________
6.Gayro
Gayroy duuna bila-xuufes issi mac’ara gididi toora olanchatinne

dereteththa giddon gooba ootho polida asati be goobatetha haasa’an
garmamishe nashshiza hanotakko.
Leemiso:
Tana mo! tana mo!tana mo!
Gakkashsha! Gakkashsha!gakkashsha!
Pala olan iita olan ta gakkis

Ola asa na’ay tana olas yelin
Sintha achchi mokkonta
Guye guutoy gaaggonta
Ola asa biya olas yelin ta olan gakkis
Madipey matiresey shachchadan bukkosan
Gooba massaran goochcha goyrada
Xaalane mishshiga menthe gelada
Allaga otoro adeza oyikka omoddada
Gakkashsha! Gakkashsha! Gakkashsha!
Pantha duunappe c’uchchi melin
Parazo dulleppe panday dhayin
Salo kezana gin ilkay dhayo son
Biittan gelana gin xoo’ey dhayo son
Gakkashsha! Gakkashsha! Gakkashsha!
Mokki eriza asa na’aw
Moyzi eriza asa na’aw
Tana mo! Taassa! Tana mo!

Meeze 1: Ane inte heeran poletiza gayroppe issinnoza ekkada ne
kifile laggetanne ne astamaare sinthan eqqada gayra.
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7. Gerersa
Gerersay duuna bila-xuufe qommo gididi asay asara issi bolla

shiiqidi kaa’ishin issi asi bees de’iza eratethan som’o birshidinne
ufayttidi kaa’iza kaassa qommokko.
Gerersas dumma dumma qommo hanotati de’oosona.
Heyissatikka: diiththa diixxiza asi, duriza asinne lanqen uttidi

ho’eththiza qommoy de’es. Issi asi gererishin be de’iza deththa
maara, be lagge qommo, bees adappe keha asa, be so asanne be dere
taarike yootees guussakko.
Meeze 1: Issi kaara dooridi gerersa gereridi inte kifile laggetanne
astamaare sissite.
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________

2.2 XAAFETTIDA BILA-XUUFE
Ha bila-xuufe qommoy duuna yooton gidonnan xuufe dethan

xaafettidi yeletappe yeletas aadhizayssakko.
2.2.1 Xaafettida bila-xuufe doometha wode
➢ 3000B.C.(Y.Y.K.) Gibixe dere asay herogirapiken xaafo

doommida.
➢ 1300B.C.(Y.Y.K) bolla Chayna dere asati kochcha go’ettidi
xaafo doommida.
➢ Wursethan, Girike dere asati bawole pidale malaata medhidi
xaafo doommida.
2.2.2. Xaafettida bila-xuufe Kandota
➢ Attamettidi gaagotethas go’a immosona.

➢ Nabbabon kiitay aadhdhes.
➢ Xaafanchay(author ship) de’es.
2.2.3.Xaafettida bila-xuufe shaakota
1. Wozi-yela(fiction)
Dumma dumma eranchati wozi-yelas kaallidi shiiqida birshetha

immidosona.
Hessikka:-

▪ “Wozi-yelay shararotiya qachare(achare) issi bolla waaxettidi
de’iza mala asa na’a gallassa gallassa de’ora waaxettidi
de’izabakko.” gides (Virginia Woolf).
▪ “Wozi-yelay ajjutan woyikko mallan qonc’izaba gidonnan
guutha tumatetha baaso histidi qofa aathizayssakko”
gides(Margaret Banning).
Gujan, Ingilizathoppe Ingilizathon xaafettidi giigida qabirshey wozi-

yela aazatethi yootishe,
Wozi-yelay kahappe(guuggeppe) medhdhi ootho gido attin,
➢ Tumatetha gidontayssa; gidikonne hanennayssa,

➢ Demo woykko coo kahappe demettidayssa( invented)
➢ Tumatetha bolla zempontta oothokko giidi birsheththa
immides.
1.1 Wozi-yela shaakota
Erettida woziyela qommoti(shaakoti) nam’akko.
Izetikka:
1. Qantha woziyela(Short fiction)
2. Adussa woziyela( Long fiction)
1. Qantha woziyela(Short Fiction)
Daanna Zarune Asfay Baaso bila-xuufe giza maxaafen,qassekka

H.E.Betis geetettiza eranchay qonc’issiza mala,
❖ Ha woziyela qommoy 19tho X.L. bolla doommides.

❖ Bagga saaten nabbabettidi polettanaw danda’ia qantha
medhi xaafo oothokko.
❖ Tammu mukula(10,000) kochchatappe guuxxiza
kochchatan xaafettes.
❖ Issi ayfe qoppoba xalla oykkes.
❖ Paydon guutha gidida hananchata oykkes.
2. Adussa woziyela(Long fiction)
Ha woziyela qommoy 18tho X.L. bolla doommides.
❖ Bagga saateppe aadhiza(dariza) woden nabbabettidi polettiza

adussa medhi xaafo oothokko.
❖ Tammu mukula (sha’u) kochchatappe dariza kochchatan
xaafettes.
❖ Paydon c’ora(daro) hananchata oykkes.
Leemiso:Fiqir Iske Meqabir
:Keadimas Bashager.
1.2 Wozi-yela qorunthata
a. Taarike
▪ Ha bila-xuufe qorunthay(yaray) bila-xuufes bayra woyikko

sintha gidida kifilekko.
▪ Issi bila-xuufe nabbabida asi he nabbabizayssa simmidi
oyshettishin “Tana keehippe azantiza, ufayssiza, yeessiza,
miichchiza taarike nabbabadis woyikko ezgadis” giidi zaaro

immizay taarike baaso histidikko. Hessa gishshas, taarikey
bila-xuufes bayranne zokko meqetha gidida kifilekko.
b. Hananchata
➢ Ha bila-xuufe qorunthay issi bila-xuufen shiiqida taarikey
oonaysee? giza oyshatas zaaro immizayssakko.
➢ Hananchati issi bila-xuufen asho maay’idi, eeshsha ekkidi,
sunthi imettin, duussa sohoy giigin
qaaxxiza,shempiza,haasa’iza,miya,uyiza tumu gidida asa na’a
eeshsha may’idi hayqqiza, saamettiza,ufayttizanne azzaniza issi
taariken qonc’iza ha alame asata leemisokko.
c. Wobessa(wodenne bessa)
Beegatho oysha
Ane hayssappe kaalli de’iza oysha hintes de’iza losppe dendidi hintte
kifilen qofa laamettito.
a. Wobessa ( wodenne bessa) setting guussay ay guussee?
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_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
b. Wobessay ay ay oykkizan ane hinttes de’iza qofa xaafito.

___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________

c. Issi wozi-yelan wobessa qonc’isoy ay go’a immana giidi
qoppizan xaafite.
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
d. Wozi-yelan issi taarikey polettida wode xeellishin hara he

wodera oykettidi dendana heera hanoti de’andettoo?
Leemiso, Gustama aginan taarikey polettikko ay ay hanotay
qopetanas danda’izee?
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
Wobesay issi taarikey plettiza heerawanne derewa( Physical & social)

hanotakko. Ayfe wozi-yela wobessa qorunthati: wode, bessanne dere
heeratakko. Eranchati wobessa aazateththinne go’a qonc’isishe,
xaafanchay issi taariken woyikko wozi-yelan wobessa go’ettidi, heera
hanota( zumata, shaafata, worata, keeththata, wodeta )qonc’ison
nabbabanchay taarikey polettiza heera qonc’isanas paac’c’es.
d. Ayfe kiita ( Themes)
Beegotho oyshata
Ane hayssappe garsan qonc’ida beegatho oyshata hintes kaseppe

de’iza eretappe akeekidi hinte laggera tobbito.

a. Issi wozi-yela woykko qantha taariken ayfe kiita (themes)
geetettizay aazee?
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
b. Adussa wozi-yela nine qantha taariken de’anas danda’iza ayfe
kiitati issino gidandeto? Hinte zaaroy akkaye giza gidikko
dumatethay aazin gidandes giidi qoppetti?
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
Issi wozi-yelan ayfe kiita(theme) geetettizay, nabbabanchay xufeppe

tamaarida woykko erida miishshe guussakko. Hara guussan,
xaafanchay nabbabanchay erana mala koyidi be xuufen woththida
kiita guussako.
Issi xaafanchchay be wozi-yela ootho keehi dalgathi xaafishin, iza

giddon aadhdhiza ayfe kiitaykka dalga gides. Gido attin, issi issi
wode qantha taarikeyka be giddon undena ayfe kiitata haaranas
danda’es. Ha wozi-yelan geliza ayfe kiitatas ayfe kaaray: doseta, yela
asa hanota, dummatetha duussa, woykko, issi asi be dere giddon
hanizanne hanonta wogata eranas h.h.m gidanas danda’es. Ayfe
kiitay xaafancha ayfe qofakko. Hassa guussay, xaafanchchay issi
wozi-yela woykko qantha taarike xaafishin issi qoppobay de’es. Ha
qoppobay, taarikey polettishin poleta biiramon, hananchati haniza

hanotaninne izeta giddon issoy issowara medhdhiza gaageta hanaon
giddon goggiza miishshe gidishin, issi dere hanota woykko ayfe
kiitata be giddon oykkidi dendes. Ferin Lorens qonc’isida mala, ha
ayfe kiita geetettizay, wozi-yelas ayfe miishshe gidishin, issi dere
hanota woykko ayfe kiitata be giddon oykkidi denddettishin
hananchati koyttida kiita aaththanas maaranne giddo qofa
naagisizay ha ayfe qofakko
e. Gusima (Plot)
Beegaththo oyshata
1. Gusima (Plot) aazatethi hintte c’ugan qofa laamerettite.
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2. Issi wozi-yelan doometha giddonne wursetha detha giidi

heedzdzun shaakidi gusima qonc’isiza hanotati de’osona.
Hinten ha qofa ay ogen ekketi?---------------------------------------
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Ane hayssappe dugen dumma dumma xaafettida miishshatan

gusima aazatethi qonc’idayta birshshe xeellos.
Xaafanchchay be qofa issi medhdhi-xuufen qonc’isanasinne

dichchanas go’ettiza hanotata lic’o hiillakko. Gusimay qofa woykko
hanotata guye sinthe maara naagidi polo woyikko lic’o biiramokko.

Gsimay hanotata maaran( doometha, giddo, wurssetha) naagidi
poletana mala halchon polo.
Qanthan,
▪ Gusimay issi taarikey polettida(hanida) wode gaasonne muruta

baaso histon guye sintha maara naagidi qofa lic’idi shiisho
hanota guussakko.
➢ Qofa gaagotethinne oyketethi oothon beettiza bila-xuufe
qorunthakko.
➢ Issi wozi-yelan aazi? aazas? hanidee? giza oyshatas zaaro
immiza qorunthakko.
f. Dom’e
➢ Dom’ey bila-xuufe(wozi-yela) qoruntha gididi issi taariken de’iza
hananchata giddon qofa dummatethaninne eenotetha
dhayon(xayon) medhettizayssakko.
➢ Dom’ey hananchata giddon “xoonana! xoonettikke woyikko
kundikke!” Giza baaxe gaason medhettizayssakko.
Dom’e qommota
Daanna Zaruune Asfay be baaso bila-xuufe maxxaafen qonc’issida

mala, baaso gidida dom’e qommoti:-
1. Asanne asa giddon medhettiza dom’e

2. Asi berkka benara medhiza dom’e
3. Asi medhetara medhiza dom’e
Ane issuwas issuwas imettida paatetha kaallidi be7os.

1. Asanne Asa Giddon Medhettiza Dom’e
Ha dom’e qommoy wozi-yela giddon nam’u asata giddon de’iza

ammano, koshsha, qoppoba,qofanne asatetha dummatetha gaason
medhettiza dom’e qommokko.
2. Asi Berkka Benara Medhiza Dom’e
Ha dom’e qommoy wozi-yela giddon issi asi berka be kaha(guugge)

giddon issiba poloo? Poloppoo? Aggoo?aggoppoo? gishe benara
medhiza dom’e qommokko.
3. Asi Medhetara Medhiza Dom’e
Asa na’i be gallassa gallassa duussas gishin medhetara

gaagges/baaxetees. Leemisos: issi goshshanchay goshsha oothos
gishe woran de’iza mithata qanxxes(qeexes), he qeexettiza mithati
kundishe addeza bolla qoha gathanaw danda’oosona. He woden adezi
woraw kumethi mela,qanxettida mithazoo aac’oppa! Giidi qanges.
Wora giddon de’iza wora do’ati (gaammoy,maahey,

shooshshay,dawey,godarey) asa na’a duussa bolla qoha gathishe
izatarakka dom’ettes guussakko.
Dom’e dethata
1. Gelo ( introduction)
2. Dichcha (rising action)
3. Xoththe( climax)
4. Zarbe (falling action)

5. Birshshe ( resolution/denovement)
Ane ha dom’e dethata issino-issino histti xeellos.
1. Gelo
Xaafanchchay, hananchchata oonatethanne wobessa awotetha

qonc’isiza dethakko. Hayssa dethan xaafanchchay kasetidi
xaafettiza xuufen medhetanas qofettida, hananchcha oonatetha
ayfenne kaalo hananchcha taarikey polettiza bessa paatti yoottiza
dethikko.
2. Dichcha detha
Hayssi dom’ethay qonc’i-qonc’i biza dethikko. Hayssa guussay

gelosinne xothe dethas giddon medhettiza hanotatakko.
3. Xoththe detha
Xoththe dethay issi taariken, hanotay dic’c’idi xeera gakkida

dhoqa detha guussukko. Nabbabanchcha ha taariken de’iza
hanotay ay hanandee? shempandenne shempenne? giidi bena
oychchiza dethakko.
4. Zarbe detha
Ha dethan dendida woykko medhettida hanotati pude dichchi

aggidi wodhdhi wodhdhi wodhdhi biza dethikko. Ha dethan
nabbabanchay kaallidi hanana hanota ( dom’ethay zarbanan
zarbontan) shaakki eriza dethikko.

5. Birshe/zaaro/
Hayssi , medhdhi-xuufen woykko qantha taarike giddon medhettidi

dic’c’ida dom’ethas worsetha woykko zaaro demmida dethakko.
2. Ginxo aybatetha
➢ Hayssa mala xuufey xaafettizay haasaya meega qommo
hanotan gidonta, keeththe shoc’c’iza hanotan, keehi
medhdhiwa( artistic manner), xaafancha gaatha medhdhi xaafo
hiillan kooshe keson, kooshe dhoqanththon ziqqaththon,
giigizayssa guussakko.
➢ Ginxoy harata denthethanas, goobisanas,sabbanas,
minthethanas, ufayssanas h.h.m maaddiza xuufe qommokko.
➢ Ginxo guussay, yedan xaafetonta xuufe qommokko.
➢ Ginxoy daro dummatethi diza haasiyanne xaafo qotha,
qommonne hanota bessees/qonc’isees.
➢ Ginxoy aako dummatiza kaarata/allalleta qonc’isees. Ha
dummatetha gaason ginxos issi woyikko ubbaas haniza
(comprehensive) birshechchi immanas dandayettenna.
➢ Ginxo birshechcha immidi erana paac’anaappe, eranaas
nabbabo, tamaaro, meezetethi, izan ufayetethi besses.
➢ Ginxoy ubbaafe bayranne (most oldest) wolqama (most
powerful) bila ooso qommokko.
➢ Ginxos go’ay erizaba oorathi daanana malanne imathaba
erizaba daananaadan ooso.

Kumeththan xeellishin,
1. Mino nabbabetethaappenne shochchaappe dendidayssan, Ginxoy

yeda xuufeppe aadhon eeso, nu sissa (feeling) qaaththees,, nu
guuggeza dentheththees, nu akeeka (memory) suurissees/dhiskofe
denthees.
2.Liiqo, deexonta hanotanne qantha yafarata gaason, ginxoy maara

(mino) medhon shiiqerettees. Heyssa gishshas, ginxo ayfe qofa elle
eranawunne akeekanaw dandayoos.
3. Ginxoy daroppe hani-beso mala gidida gishshi, oorathaba adda

eesoninne c’iiyissidi qonccisees.
4. Gnxos misile medho wolqappe dendidayssan, eriza miishshata

c’iiyissidi oorathi kessees, akeekiso gujees, ubba wode nu eriza salo-
sa qofettonta misilen laammees, lo’otetha eesoyees.
Issi ginxoy lo’’o woyikko iita gaanas oothettana bessiza miishshati:-
➢ Ginxo nabbabo.
➢ Ginxoza hara kochchatan xaafonne paatethi/birshechchi
➢ Hananchatanne wobesa shako
➢ C’imo hanota
➢ Ginxo xaafo wogata(prosody): kooshe (sound), eedo(rhythm),
kooshsheta gaagetetha(rhyme).
➢ Misile medho (imagery). Asa sissaara diza gaagotetha
➢ Kumetha giddoba (tone). Qofa medho

3.Hani-beso
Hani-beso birsheththa
Hani bessay giigisiza woykko xaafancha-hananchan dooretida

bessaninne woden be giigida hanota ooththi beson shiishiza gishshas
hara bila-xuufe qommotappe aadhdhidi bolla besas
matatizayssakko. Qaaxo woykko ooththi besso bessi bollan
shiishshizayssa gishi, xeellancha kaha eko wolqay de’es.
Hani besoy nunanne nu oothota nu ayfen xeellishe mixxanas; giddo

pilganas, nu oonatetha eranas, kumetha qofan, asa na’ay hani
besoppe benatetha kasen be erizayssappe aadhdhidi xeellanas gita
wolqay de’iza bila hiillakko. Hayssata ubba ooththishe, adussanne
qantha medhdhi xuufe mala hananchchata ootho bagga yooton
qonc’isizayssa gidonta izeti ooththiza oosota qonc’isi xeelon besses.
Hani bessa xaafanchay hayssa ubbara wozinan oykkidi giigises
guussakko.
2.3.1 Hani besa qommota
1. Yiillochiza(Tirajedi) hani-beso
Yiillochiza hani besoy taariken keehi gam’ida wodeppe doomidi de’iza

kardiqa hani besso qommokko. Issi dere hanotatanne eretati
wodeppe woden laameretishe buusay attontayssa gididayssas hani
bessay dere hanotata bessizayssa gididayssas ha woden woden
laamettiza laameti atontayssakko. Hayssan, beni wode Girikke
wodeppe doommidi dumma dumma medho oykkanas gakkides.

Yiillochiza(tirajede) hani besoy asa nayta ayfe metotara matan
waaxettidi oykettida hani besso qommokko.
2. Ufayssiza (Komedi) hani-beso
Ufayssiza(Komedi) hani-besoy xeelancha metontayssa, pashika

hanotay qonc’izayssa, woykko miichchan podhisizayssa, ayfe kiita
aaththiza hani besso qommokko. Ha hani-besoy tirajedi hani bessa
mala asa na’a seeteta manisizayssa, babisizayssa, hirgisizayssa
h.h.m gidenna. Ha hani-beson hananchay wurssethan be gaaggida
meto xoonidi piniza hanotay medhetes.

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ARBAMINC’E YUNBURUSTE

DERETETHTHA SAYNSENNE ASABATETHA

❖ KORSE QOMMO: BAASO BILA-XUUFE

BAASO BILA-XUUFE(ELGA-2061) KORSE , 2015M.L. 1

1.1. Bila-xuufe birshetha

2. Hayssappe kase bila-xuufe nabbaba erazii? Ne zaaroy “Ee!” giza

3.Bila-xuufe giddon eqo(form) gishin aazi guussee?

4.Kase woden xaafettida bila –xuufeta nabbaboy aazas go’izee?

BAASO BILA-XUUFE(ELGA-2061) KORSE , 2015M.L. 2

Ane hayssappe garsan dumma dumma asati, dumma dumma

1.2 Bila-xuufe Dalgawa Birshetha

1.3 Bila-xuufe Paatetha birshetha

Ubba qommo bila-xuufeti asa nayta doonay medhettida wodeppe

▪ Bila-xuufey wodeppe woden aadhizayssanne salosa koshsha

BAASO BILA-XUUFE(ELGA-2061) KORSE , 2015M.L. 3

Ha medhdhi xaafoy-xaafo medhdhiwa (art) kaalles. Xuufeykka be

▪ Bila-xuufey asa qofa kochchan qonc’isiza wursethanne dhoqqa

1.4 Eranchati bila-xuufe bolla immida qofata

▪ Bila-xuufey nu nu duussa eranas, nu duussan ufaythanas

BAASO BILA-XUUFE(ELGA-2061) KORSE , 2015M.L. 4

BAASO BILA-XUUFE(ELGA-2061) KORSE , 2015M.L. 5

Kumeththan xeellishin, Daanna Zarihun Asfay(2009) qonc’issida

1.5 Bila-Xuufe Kando

Hayssa guussay, asay woykko dereti qofa medhdhettes. Ha

Hayssa guussay, ubba salosa dethan de’iza deretan eketettes

Kumeththan, billa-xuufe go’ettidi nu xeellanas bessizay, issi kaaran

BAASO BILA-XUUFE(ELGA-2061) KORSE , 2015M.L. 6

Bila-xuufe asa na’i lo’’o xaafo hiillaninne mal’ethoy de’iza hanotan

4. Dummatizanne doorettida kochchatan giigetetha

Hayssa guussay bila-xuufe imathanne losettonta kochchata go’ettes

Hayssa guussay dumma dumma nabbabanchatas woyikko

Leemisos issi bila-xuufe 10 asati nabbabikko woyikko ezgikko

6. Ayfe qofa(kiita) moogetetha

Hayssa guussay c’iimma qofay woyikko kiitay qonc’en uttenna

1.6 Billa-xuufe Du-lo’eta (Qualities of Literature)

Ane hayssappe garsan bila-xuufe du-lo’eta xeellos.

▪ Asa na’a heeran de’iza tumatanne lo’eta xolqayes.

BAASO BILA-XUUFE(ELGA-2061) KORSE , 2015M.L. 7

1.7 Bila-xuufe tamaaro go’a/gaaso/

Ane hayssappe kaallidi qonc’ida oyshata ne loseppe woykko nes

a. Billa xuufe tamaaroy aazas koshshiddee?

b. Billa xuufe nabbaboy doona timirttes ay maaddizee?

c. Billa xuufey dereta wogara aazin dabbotanas danda’izee?

BAASO BILA-XUUFE(ELGA-2061) KORSE , 2015M.L. 8

1. Harata qofa demmanas

Taarikkey, issi dere wogatanne dere ammanota karera uttidi gaaththi

BAASO BILA-XUUFE(ELGA-2061) KORSE , 2015M.L. 9

3. Guugge/anggole/ ooththisanas( to exercise our brain)

Nu huuphen hara bollata mala qaatho koyes. C’ora billa-xuufeti be

4. Nunatethi xeellana maaddes

Billa xuufey issi asi bena eranas (paac’c’anas) maaddes. Nerka ne

Bila-xuufe tamaaroy doona ereta qaratanne doonan go’etanas

6. Kobe ereta gujjanas

7. Nabbabanchchas dalgga qofa dichchanas

qofa imo ereta dalgisanas, ooratha ereta dichchanas, lose demmanas

BAASO BILA-XUUFE(ELGA-2061) KORSE , 2015M.L. 10

1. Ha shempo tamaarada neeni demmida era paattada xaafa.

BAASO BILA-XUUFE(ELGA-2061) KORSE , 2015M.L. 11