Physical Science Chapter 2 Presentation.

notebook October 10, 2014

Matter ­ defined as anything that has mass and takes up

space.
In your notes, write out five:
Examples of Matter­

Examples of Items that are not Matter­

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Physical Science Chapter 2 Presentation.notebook October 10, 2014

Matter ­ defined as anything that has mass and takes up

space.
Examples of Matter: air, water, floor, desk, chair, pen,
pencil, people, teachers, paper, textbook........
Examples of Items that are not matter: time, sound,
sunlight, rainbow, love, thoughts, gravity, microwaves,
heat, memories, information, reflections, energy

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Physical Science Chapter 2 Presentation.notebook October 10, 2014

Matter ­ 3 types of matter:

1) Element­ Substance that cannot be broken down into simpler
substances by chemical means. Each element is made up of one
kind of atom.
2) Compound­ a substance made up of two or more different
elements that are chemically combined.
­ have unique properties that are generally different from the
atoms that make them up.
­ chemical formulas show how many of each element is present
in a unit of a substance (C6H12O6)
Molecule­ the smallest unit of a substance that contains two or
more atoms which may, or may not be, of the same type
(carbon dioxide CO2, and oxygen O2 )

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Physical Science Chapter 2 Presentation.notebook October 10, 2014

3) Mixture­ a combination of substances that are not chemically

combined
Mixture vs. Pure Substances­ elements and compounds are pure
substances but mixtures are not
Types of Mixtures:
gas+gas­­­­­air in this room
gas+liquid­­­carbonated beverages
liquid+liquid­alcohol and water
solid+liquid­­sugar and water
solid+solid­­­alloys (zinc and copper make brass)

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Physical Science Chapter 2 Presentation.notebook October 10, 2014

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Physical Science Chapter 2 Presentation.notebook October 10, 2014

Descriptions of various mixtures:

Homogeneous mixture­ substances are evenly distributed
Heterogeneous mixture­ substances are not evently
distributed
Miscible­ two liquids are able to be mixed together
Immiscible­ two liquids are not able to be mixed together

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Physical Science Chapter 2 Presentation.notebook October 10, 2014

Physical and Chemical Properties

Physical properties are characteristics that can be
observed without changing the identity of the substance
Chemical properties describe how a chemical changes
into a new substance, either by combining with other
elements or by breaking apart into new substances

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Physical Science Chapter 2 Presentation.notebook October 10, 2014

Physical Properties
­ Can be observed or measured
­ Melting Point/Boiling Point
­ Shape, Color, Odor, Texture
­ Physical State
­ Strength, Hardness, Magnetism, Electrical and Thermal
Conductivity
­ Density (Density = Mass/Volume)

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Physical Science Chapter 2 Presentation.notebook October 10, 2014

Chemical Properties
­ Not as easy to observe as Physical Properties
­ Reactivity­ capacity of a substance to react with another
substance
­ Flammability­ ability to burn

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Physical Science Chapter 2 Presentation.notebook October 10, 2014

What material is the basis for the Metric System?

WATER!

1 gram of H2O= 1 milliliter of H2O= 1 cubic centimeter of H2O

Have you ever heard of 15 cc's of something?

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Physical Science Chapter 2 Presentation.notebook October 10, 2014

Physical Changes
­ affects one or more physical properties of a substance
without changing the identity of the substance.
­ melting/cutting/crushing/folding/tearing/dissolving/vaporizing/
freezing/condensing/bending/etc.
­ many physical changes can be reversed

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Physical Science Chapter 2 Presentation.notebook October 10, 2014

Chemical Changes
­ when one or more substances are changed into entirely new
substances that have different properties
­ change in odor, color, fizzing, foaming, production of sound,
heat, or light
­ cannot be reversed by physical changes
­ mixtures can be separated by physical changes but
compounds must be broken down by chemical changes

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Physical Science Chapter 2 Presentation.notebook October 10, 2014

Heterogeneous Mixtures- no fixed composition.

- Suspensions- particles settle out

when mixture is allowed to stand

Colloids- very small particles

dispersed in a substance

Tyndall effect- scattering of light

by a colloid

- Emulsions- type of colloid where liquids

which usually do not mix are spread
throughout each other

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Physical Science Chapter 2 Presentation.notebook October 10, 2014

Homogeneous Mixtures- individual components are mixed

uniformly throughout the mixture at all times. Usually referred to
as SOLUTIONS!

Solute- the substance being dissolved

Solvent- the substance that is doing the dissolving.

ALLOY- homogeneous mixture composed of two or more metals

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Physical Science Chapter 2 Presentation.notebook October 10, 2014

Solubility and Concentration

Solubility is the ability of a solvent to dissolve substances. Water is

the universal solvent! It dissolves most everything! It is important
to know that different substances dissolve other substances
differently depending on what is being dissolved and the
temperature at which it is being dissolved.

Unsaturated- has less than the total amount of solute that it can
hold dissolved in it.

Saturated- has the maximum amount of solute dissolved into it

Supersaturated - has more than the maximum amount of solute

dissolved into it

Concentrated- has a large amount of solute

Dilute- has only a small amount of solute

Molarity- measurement used to describe the concentration of a

solution

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Physical Science Chapter 2 Presentation.notebook October 10, 2014

How to dissolve substances faster!

Temperature- The warmer the temperature, the more solute

can dissolve into the solvent! (The opposite is true for gases!)

Stirring- The more you stir the mixture, the faster it will
dissolve! (The opposite is true for gases!)

Surface Area- The greater the surface area of the solute,

the faster it dissolves

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Physical Science Chapter 2 Presentation.notebook October 10, 2014

Separating Mixtures

- Decanting- works when one substance in a

heterogeneous mixture is less dense than the
other

- Filtration- works when one substance is larger

than the other in a heterogeneous mixture

- Distillation- works when one substance has a

different boiling point than another in a
homogeneous mixture

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Physical Science Chapter 2 Presentation.notebook October 10, 2014

How to get clean water when lost

in the wilderness

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Physical Science Chapter 2 Presentation.notebook October 10, 2014

How to get clean water when

stranded out in the ocean.

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Attachments

Solar Water Distiller ­ YouTube.flv