৪৬তম বিবিএি বিবি ফু ি

ক োি স
English Literature
Lecture: 05

Topic:
Victorian Period. (Important writers)
 THE VICTORIAN PERIOD (1832-1901)

➢ Victorian Period শুরু হয় Queen Victoria এর নামানু সারর যিযন ১৮৩৭ থেরে ১৯০১ পিযন্ত ইংল্যান্ড শাসন েররন।
➢ এ িুগরে উপনযারসর স্বর্যিুগ বল্া হয়।
➢ Victorian িুরগর ১৮৪৮ সাল্ থেরে ১৮৬০ সাল্ পিযন্ত সময়রে বল্া হয় Age of the Pre-Raphaelites.
➢ Victorian িুরগর ১৮৮০ থেরে ১৯০১ সাল্ পিযন্ত সময়রে বল্া হয় Age of Decadence.
➢ Alfred Tennyson তাাঁর “In Memoriam”, Lotus Eaters, Ulysses েযবতার মাধ্যরম Victorian Period- থে অমর
েরররেন।
➢ Robert Browning ‘Dramatic Monologue’ এর মাধ্যরম Victorian িুরগর েযবতারে অননয উচ্চতায় যনরয় যগরয়রেন।

English Literature-05
 THE VICTORIAN PERIOD (1832-1901)
❖ Victorian িুরগর ববযশষ্ট্য:

Serialization Progress and Reforms

(ক্রযমেেরর্) (অগ্রগযত ও সংরশাধ্ন)

Industrialization Nostalgia
(যশল্পায়ন) (অতীতপ্রীযত)
VICTORIAN
PERIOD
Class Consciousness Woman Rights
(থেযর্ সরেতনতা) (নারী অযধ্োর)

Science vs Religion Utilitarianism

(ধ্ময বনাম যবজ্ঞান) (উপরিাযগতাবাদ)

English Literature-05
 THE VICTORIAN PERIOD (1832-1901)
❑ Lord Alfred Tennyson:
➢ Lord Tynnyson is known as – Lyric Poet.
➢ যতযন সু ররল্া ভাষা বা Melodious language-এর জনয থবযশ পযরযেত।
➢ Wordsworth-এর মৃতুযর পর ১৮৬১ সারল্ তাাঁরে ইংল্যারন্ডর রাজেযব বা Poet Laureate যহরসরব যনরয়াগ থদয়া
হয়।
➢ Alfred Lord Tennyson – Representative Poet যহরসরবও পযরযেত।
➢ যতযন Oxford University হরত Doctor of Law থেতাব ভূযষত হন।
➢ যতযন William Shakespeare-থে ‘Dazzling Sung’ উপাযধ্ যদরয়যেরল্ন।

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 THE VICTORIAN PERIOD (1832-1901)
Poems
✓ In Memoriam ✓ Break, Break, Break
✓ Oenone ✓ The Charge of the Light Brigade
✓ Ulysses ✓ The Locksley Hall
✓ Maud ✓ Crossing the Bar
✓ Mariana ✓ The Lotus-Eaters
✓ Tithonus ✓ Idylls of the King
✓ The Princess ✓ The Lady of Shalott
✓ Tears, Idle Tears
Comedy
✓ The Falcon
✓ Harold
✓ Queen Marry
Quotes: “The old order changeth, yielding place to new” Morte d’Arthur.

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 THE VICTORIAN PERIOD (1832-1901)
❑ Robert Browning:
➢ যতযন হরল্ন The innovator of dramatic monologue/ the father of dramatic monologue.
➢ তাাঁর স্ত্রীর নাম Elizabeth Barret Browning, যতযনও এেজন েযব যেরল্ন।
➢ Browning এর Men and Women বইযি যবেযাত এর Blank Verse ও Dramatic Monologue এর জনয।
➢ The Return of the Druses ও Colombe’s Birthday তাাঁর যল্যেত দুযি নািে।

Title:
➢ A psycho analyst

English Literature-05
 THE VICTORIAN PERIOD (1832-1901)
➢ Famous works:
✓ Rabbi ben Ezra ✓ The Statue and The Bust
✓ Home thoughts ✓ The Last Ride Together
from abroad ✓ A Grammarian Funeral
✓ The Bishop Orders ✓ Love among the Ruins
Dramatic His Tomb ✓ The Arab Physician
Monologue ✓ Soliloquy of the
Spanish Cloister
✓ My Last Duchess
✓ Andera del Sarto
✓ Fra Lippo Lippi
✓ Dramatic Lyrics
Dramatic Poetry ✓ Paracelsus ✓ Porphyria’s Lover
(1842)
✓ The Pied Piper of ✓ The Ring and the
Other Works ✓ Men and Women
Hamelin Book

English Literature-05
 POLL QUESTION-01

 In which century was the Victorian period?

(a) 17th Century

(b) 18th Century

(c) 19th Century

(d) 20th Century

English Literature-05
 THE VICTORIAN PERIOD (1832-1901)
❑ Charles Dickens:
➢ োল্যস যিরেন্স, যভরটাযরয়ান যপযরয়রির সবোইরত প্রযতভাবান এবং জনযপ্রয় ঔপনযাযসে।
➢ Pen Name: BOZ, Timothy Sparks.
Famous Works:
➢ The Pichwick papers
➢ Oliver Twist
➢ David Copperfield – আত্মজীবনীমূল্ে উপনযাস থিোরন যতযন সৎ বাবার যনমযম যনিযাতরনর োযহযন তুরল্
ধ্রররেন।
➢ A Tale of Two cities – ফরাযস যবপ্লরবর থপ্রযিরত থল্ো। ল্ন্ডন ও পযাযরস শহররর েো উরেে আরে।
➢ Great Expectations – সবরেরয় জনযপ্রয় উপনযাস।
➢ Nicholas Nickleby
➢ The old curiosity shop
➢ A Christmas Carol
➢ Hard Times
➢ The Bleak House

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 THE VICTORIAN PERIOD (1832-1901)
Famous Quotes:
➢ “There is nothing in the world so irresistibly contagious as laughter and good humor.”
➢ “I loved her against reason, against promise, against peace, against hope, against
happiness, against all discouragement that could be.”
➢ Charity begins at home and justice begins next door.

❖ তাাঁর প্রেম বই হরল্া “Sketches By Boz”.

❖ Great Expectations উপনযারসর প্রধ্ান েযরত্রগুরল্া হরল্া- Pip, Estella, Miss Havisham etc.

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 THE VICTORIAN PERIOD (1832-1901)
❑ Character analysis:
➢ David Copperfield:
The protagonist and narrator of the novel. David is innocent, trusting, and naive even though he
suffers abuse as a child. He is idealistic and impulsive and remains honest and loving. Though
David’s troubled childhood renders him sympathetic, he is not perfect. He often exhibits
chauvinistic attitudes toward the lower classes. In some instances, foolhardy decisions mar David’s
good intentions.
➢ Theme of “Oliver Twist” :
Oliver Twist is a story about the battles of good versus evil, with the evil continually trying to
corrupt and exploit the good. It portrays the power of Love, Hate, Greed, and Revenge and how
each can affect the people involved. The love between Rose and Harry in the end conquers all the
obstacles between them.
➢ Theme of “A Tale of two cities”:
A Tale of Two Cities, which is one of two historical novels written by Charles Dickens, is set in
London and in Paris and the French countryside at the time of the French Revolution. The book is
sympathetic to the overthrow of the French aristocracy but highly critical of the reign of terror
that followed.

English Literature-05
 THE VICTORIAN PERIOD (1832-1901)
❑ Mathew Arnold:
➢ Mathew Arnold থবশ পযরযেত তাাঁর ‘Melancholic Attitude’ এর জনয।
➢ Mathew Arnold যেরল্ন Victorian িুরগর অনযতম এেজন থেষ্ঠ Poet (েযব) ও Critic (সমারল্ােে)।
➢ Charlotte Bronte এর মৃতুযরত যল্যেত Elegy হরল্া “Howarth’s Churchyard”.
➢ (The Poet Arthur Hugh Clough) ক্লারফর মৃতুযরত রযেত তাাঁর Elegy হরল্া “Thyrsis”.
➢ Arnold তাাঁর বাবার মৃতুযরত যল্রেযেরল্ন “Rugby Chapel” থশােেযবতা (Elegy).
➢ তাাঁর সাযহতয সমারল্ােনামূল্ে যবেযাত গ্রন্থ হরল্া The Study of Poetry.
➢ “The Scholar Gipsy”, “Dover beach”, ‘Thyrsis” এগুরল্া হরল্া তাাঁর যবেযাত েযবতা।
➢ The Study of Poetry বইরয়র েরয়েযি যবেযাত ল্াইন হরল্া-
(a) Poetry is at bottom a criticism of life.
(b) Even science will appear incomplete without poetry.

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 THE VICTORIAN PERIOD (1832-1901)
➢ Famous works:
✓ A Summer Night
✓ Empedocles on Etna
✓ Dover Beach
Poems ✓ Sohrab and Rustum
✓ Rugby Chapel
✓ The Scholar Gipsy
✓ Thyrsis

✓ Culture and Anarchy

✓ Essays in Criticism
Essays ✓ Literature and Dogma
✓ The Function of Criticism
✓ The Study of Poetry

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 THE VICTORIAN PERIOD (1832-1901)
❑ William Makepeace Thackeray:
Title:
➢ Indian born Irish novelist

Famous works:
➢ Vanity Fair
➢ The New Comes
➢ The Yellow Plush
➢ Correspondence
➢ The Luck of Barry Lyndon
➢ Pendennis
➢ The Virginians

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 THE VICTORIAN PERIOD (1832-1901)
❑ John Stuart Mill:
➢ An English philosopher, political economist and civil servant.
➢ যতযন Individualism বা বযযিস্বাতন্ত্র্যবারদর জনে।

Famous works:
➢ A System of Logic
➢ Colonialism
➢ Utilitarianism
➢ Essay on Economics and Society

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 THE VICTORIAN PERIOD (1832-1901)
❑ Elizabeth Barrett Browning:
➢ How do I love Thee? স্বামী রবািয ব্রাউযনং থে অবল্ম্বন েরর যতযন রেনা েররন।

Famous works:
➢ Prometheus Bound (Translation)
➢ Aurora Leigh (Autobiography)
➢ Sonnets from the Portuguese
➢ Poems before Congress
➢ The cry of children

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 THE VICTORIAN PERIOD (1832-1901)
❑ George Eliot
Title:
➢ A famous female novelist
➢ Real name: Marry Ann Evans
Famous works:
✓ Brother and Sister ✓ Two Lovers
✓ Armgart
✓ Arion ✓ The Spanish Gypsy
✓ The Legend of Jubal
✓ Agatha ✓ I Grant You Ample Leave
Poems ✓ Stradivarius
✓ The Death of Moses ✓ How Lisa Loved the king
✓ Count That Day Lost
✓ The Choir Invisible ✓ A College Breakfast Party
✓ A Minor Prophet ✓ In a London Drawing room
✓ Adam Bede ✓ Middlemarch
Novels ✓ The Mill on the Floss ✓ Daniel Deronda
✓ Felix Holt Romola ✓ Silas Marner

English Literature-05
 POLL QUESTION-02
 ‘A Tale of Two Cities’ refers to--

(a) London and Washington

(b) London and Paris

(c) London and Rome

(d) London and Berlin

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 THE VICTORIAN PERIOD (1832-1901)
❑ Edward Fitzgerald:
➢ Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam – অনুবাদ েররন।
➢ Polonius – নীযতবােযমূল্ে োবয।

❑ Charlotte Bronte:
➢ Victorian িুরগর এেজন যবেযাত মযহল্া উপনযাযসে হরল্ন Charlotte Bronte.
➢ তাাঁর আত্মজীবনীমূল্ে উপনযাস- Jane Eyre.
➢ Charlotte Bronte এর জীবনী যনরয় যল্ো বই হরে-The Life of Charlotte Bronte, থল্েে হরেন Mrs.
Gaskell.
➢ Charlotte Bronte-এর থবান হরেন Emily Bronte এবং Anne Bronte.
➢ Charlotte Bronte এর Pen Name হরে Currer Bell এবং এই নারমই যতযন Jane Eyre উপনযাস প্রোশ
েররন।

Famous Works:
➢ Jane Eyre, Villette, Shirley, The Professor

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 THE VICTORIAN PERIOD (1832-1901)
❑ Emily Bronte:
➢ Pen Name: Ellis Bell

Novel ✓ Wuthering Heights

✓ The Prisoner
Poems ✓ The Visionary
✓ No Coward Soul

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 THE VICTORIAN PERIOD (1832-1901)
❑ Thomas Hardy:
➢ Thomas Hardy যেরল্ন Victorian িুরগর অনযতম এেজন থেষ্ঠ/যবেযাত উপনযাযসে, েযব ও থোিগল্পোর।
➢ তাাঁর থল্ো উপনযারসর মরধ্য Tess of the D'Urbervilles অনযতম।
➢ এই উপনযারসর এেযি যবেযাত ল্াইন হরল্া- The greater the sinner, the greater the saint.
➢ এোড়াও তাাঁর যবযোত এেযি থোি েযবতা হরল্া – “In time of the Breaking of Nations”.

Title:
➢ The pessimist

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 THE VICTORIAN PERIOD (1832-1901)
➢ Famous works:
✓ Desperate Remedies
✓ Under the Greenwood Tree
✓ Far from the Madding Crowd
Literary Works ✓ The Return of the Native
✓ Jude the Obscure
✓ The Mayor of Casterbridge
✓ Tess of the d’Urbervilles
✓ The Shadow on the Stone
✓ Neutral Tones
✓ The Man He Killed
✓ The Voice
✓ The Ruined Maid
Poems ✓ The Convergence of the Twain
✓ The Darkling Thrush
✓ A Pair of Blue Eyes
✓ In Time of ‘The Breaking of
Nations

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 THE VICTORIAN PERIOD (1832-1901)
❑ Oscar Wilde:
Title:
➢ Irish author and dramatist
Famous works:
✓ The Importance of Being Earnest ✓ A Woman of No Importance
✓ Lady Windermere’s fan ✓ The Duchess of Padua
Plays
✓ Vera; or, The Nihilists ✓ An Ideal Husband
✓ Salomé: A Tragedy in One Act
✓ A House of Pomegranates
✓ The Portrait of Mr. W. H.
Short Stories ✓ Lord Arthur Savile’s Crime and
✓ The Happy Prince and Other Tales
Other Stories
✓ Ravenna
✓ Poems in Prose
Poems ✓ Poems
✓ The Ballad of Reading Goal
✓ The Sphinx
Novel ✓ The Picture of Dorian Gray

English Literature-05
 POLL QUESTION-03
 “Poetry is the criticism of life” Quoted by--

(a) Mathew Arnold

(b) Samuel Butler

(c) Charles Dickens

(d) William Wordsworth

English Literature-05
 THE VICTORIAN PERIOD (1832-1901)
❑ Karl Marx:
➢ সমাজতরন্ত্র্র প্রবিা (The father of Socialism) োল্যমার্ক্য ১৮১৮ সারল্ জামযাযনরত জন্ম গ্রহর্ েররন। যতযন
যেরল্ন এোধ্ারর দাশযযনে, অেযনীযতযবদ, সমাজতন্ত্র্যবদ ও সাংবাযদে।
➢ তাাঁর রযেত যবেযাত গ্রন্থ Das Capital (গ্রন্থযি সমাজতরন্ত্র্র বাইরবল্ নারম পযরযেত।)

Famous Works:
✓ Das Kapital
✓ The Poverty of Philosophy
✓ Communist Manifesto

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 THE VICTORIAN PERIOD (1832-1901)
❑ Leo Tolstoy:

Famous Works:
✓ War and Peace
Novels ✓ Anna Karenina
✓ Resurrection

Prose ✓ A Confession

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 THE VICTORIAN PERIOD (1832-1901)
❑ Sir Arthur Conan Doyle
➢ He was a Scottish physician and writer.

Novels:
➢ Sherlock Holmes
➢ The Lost World

English Literature-05
 THE VICTORIAN PERIOD (1832-1901)
❑ Maxim Gorky:
➢ He is the Father of socialist realism (সমাজতাযন্ত্র্ে বস্তুবাদ)

Novel:
➢ The Mother

Autobiography:
➢ My Childhood

❑ Victor Hugo:

Famous Works:
➢ Les Miserable
➢ The Hunchback of Notre-Dame (First Novel)
➢ Ninety-three
➢ Inner Voice
➢ Rays and Shadows

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 THE VICTORIAN PERIOD (1832-1901)
❑ Fyodor Dostoyevsky:
➢ যতযন রাযশয়ার থল্েে ও দাশযযনে

Famous Novels:
➢ Crime and Punishment (এ গ্ররন্থর theme হরল্া “Crime never goes without punishment”).
➢ The House of the Dead
➢ The Idiot
➢ The Eternal
➢ A Little Hero.

❑ Rudyard Kipling:

Famous Works:
➢ The Jungle Book
➢ Kim
➢ If

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 THE VICTORIAN PERIOD (1832-1901)
❑ Edgar Allan Poe:
➢ তাাঁরে বল্া হয় Earliest Practitioner of English Short Story এবং Inventor of the Modern
Detective Fiction.

Famous Works:
➢ To Helen
➢ The Raven
➢ The Bells The City in the Sea
➢ Eldorado

❖ তাাঁর To Helen েযবতাযি অবল্ম্বরনই জীবনানন্দ দাস ‘বনল্তা থসন’ েযবতাযি যল্রেযেরল্ন।

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 THE VICTORIAN PERIOD (1832-1901)
❑ John Henry Newman:

➢ Famous Works:

Novel ✓ Loss and Gain

Prose ✓ The Idea of University
Poem ✓ The Dream of Gerontius

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 THE VICTORIAN PERIOD (1832-1901)
❑ Alexandre Dumas:

Famous Work:
✓ The Count of Monte Cristo
Novels ✓ The Three Musketeers
✓ The Man in the Iron Mask

❑ Herbert George Wells:

Famous Work:
✓ Ann Veronica ✓ The Time Machine
✓ The First Men in the Moon
✓ The Outline of History ✓ The Invisible Man
✓ The Shape of Things to
Novels ✓ The Country of the ✓ The War of the Worlds
Come
Blind ✓ The Island of Doctor
✓ When the Sleeper Wakes
✓ The Red Room Moreau

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 THE VICTORIAN PERIOD (1832-1901)
❑ Nikolai Gogol:

Famous Work:
✓ Dikanka
✓ Mirgorod
✓ The Government Inspector
Novels ✓ Petersburg Tales
✓ Dead Souls
✓ Taras Bulba
✓ Evenings on a Farm Near

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 POLL QUESTION-04

 The author of ‘War and Peace’ is----

(a) Victor Hugo

(b) Rudyard Kipling

(c) Leo Tolstoy

(d) Maxim Gorky

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 BCS PREVIOUS YEARS’ QUESTIONS
➢ Who is not a Victorian poet? [45th BCS]
(ে) Alfred Tennyson (ে) Robert Browning
(গ) William Wordsworth (ঘ) Matthew Arnold
➢ The story of ‘Moby Dick’ centres on- [44th BCS]
(a) a mermaid (b) a whale (c) a crocodile (d) a shark
➢ Who is the author of ‘Jane Eyre’? - [43rd BCS]
(a) Charlotte Bronte (b) Emily Bronte
(c) Jane Austen (d) Mary Shelley
➢ ‘Moby Dick’ a novel, was written by- [43rd BCS]
(a) Herman Melville (b) Nathaniel Hawthorne
(c) Mark Twain (d) William Faulkner

English Literature-05
 BCS PREVIOUS YEARS’ QUESTIONS
➢ ‘Vanity Fair’ is a novel written by- [41st BCS]
(a) D. H. Lawrence (b) William Makepeace Thackeray
(c) Joseph Conrad (d) Virgina Woolf
➢ ‘Pip’ is the protagonist in Charles Dickens’ novel- [41st BCS]
(a) A Christmas Carol (b) A Tale of Two Cities
(c) Oliver Twist (d) Great Expectations
➢ ‘Made weak by time and fate, but strong in will To strive, to seek, to find, and not to
yield’ is taken from the poem written by- [41st BCS]
(a) Robert Browning (b) Matthew Arnold
(c) Alfred Tennyson (d) Lord Byron
➢ Tennyson’s ‘In Memoriam’ is an elegy on the death of- [40th BCS]
(a) John Milton (b) John Keats (c) Arthur Henry Hallam (d) Sydney Smith
➢ Who is the central character of ‘Wuthering Height’’ by Emily Bronte? [40th BCS]
(a) Mr. Earnshaw (b) Catherine (c) Heathcliff (d) Hindley Earnshaw

English Literature-05
 BCS PREVIOUS YEARS’ QUESTIONS
➢ ‘The old order changeth, yielding place to new.’ – This line is extracted from Tennyson’s
poem- [40th BCS]
(a) The Lotos Eaters (b) Tithonus (c) Locksley Hall (d) Morte d’ Arthur
➢ Who translated the ‘Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam’ into English? [40th BCS]
(a) Thomas Carlyle (b) Edward Fitzgerald (c) D.G. Rossetti (d) William Thackeray
➢ ‘A Christmas Carol’ is a ___ by Charles Dickens. [39th BCS]
(a) ballad (b) sketch story (c) historical novel (d) short novel
➢ Robert Browning was a –– poet. Fill in the gap with appropriate word. [37th BCS]
(a) Romantic (b) Victorian (c) Modern (d) Elizathan
➢ ‘David Copperfield’ is a/an–––novel. [36th BCS]
(a) Victorian (b) Eligabethan (c) Romantic (d) Modern

English Literature-05
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BCS অনল্াইন ও অফল্াইরনর সমন্বরয় থগাোরনা প্রস্তুযত (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MFKW8FSNnP0)