Students’ names: Valiant D, Chua Jr. & Hanz Khalil Y, Gollon.

Course/Year/Section: Bs-psychology/1st year/A73C

Instructor’s name: Mr. Mark Archei Javier
Date performed: March 28 2022
Date submitted: March 2022

Diffusion and molecular weight

Part 1
Distance covered by:
HCl: 50mm NH4OH: 245mm

1. What compounds are formed upon the reaction of HCL and NH4OH?
- Salt and water

2. How does molecular weight affect the rate of diffusion?

- The diffusion is impacted by the weight of the gas as the lighter it is the faster
and a less “viscous” gas, in contrast the heaviness of the gas will a

Part 2:
Diameter of the rings:
Congo red: 12mm Methylene blue: 15mm
Potassium permanganate: 20mm

1. Which solution has diffused the farthest?

- From what I observed the substance that diffused the farthest would be
Potassium Permanganate followed by the Metheleyne Blue and lastly the Congo
Red.
2. How does molecular weight affect the rate of diffusion?
The rate of diffusion is impacted by the weight of the substance as the lighter it is
the faster the rate of diffusion will be and the heavier it is the slower it will diffuse.

Diffusion and temperature

1. Why is potassium permanganate used in this experiment?

- The reason why the potassium permanganate was used in this experiment is that
it diffuses faster than the methylene blue and methylene blue is heavier than the
 potassium permanganate’s molecular weight, the molecular weight of the
potassium permanganate is half the size of the methylene blue.

2. Describe the distribution of potassium permanganate in each beaker after 30

minutes.
- After 30 mins of the distribution of potassium permanganate in each beaker,
there were observable changes because of the temperature that is designated to
the respective beaker. The cold beaker’s distribution was slow and the
permanganate was suspended at the bottom of the beaker. While the hot
beaker’s distribution was completely different from the cold beaker because, in
the hot beaker, it's like the potassium permanganate merges with the water so it's
like the only visible thing that can be seen in the beaker was the potassium
permanganate.

3. What is the effect of temperature on the rate of diffusion? Explain.

- Due to the temperature that was given to the other beaker, the diffusion is much
faster in the hotter beaker because as the temperature increases, the diffusion
also increases. Also, since the motion is being increased because of the higher
temperature of the other beaker the diffusion occurs faster.

Diffusion and molecular size

1. Where did you observe a color change, in the beaker or cellulose sac? How do
you explain the color change?
- The cellulose sac because of the concentration gradient, the color changes. The
Iodine’s high concentration moves the low concentration starch, hence the
reason why the tube turned blue.

2. Based on the result of your experiment, which substance has smaller molecules,
starch or iodine? Explain your answer.
- The iodine has smaller molecules because it can fit into small spaces which is
why it can diffuse, rather than the starch which cannot be diffused because of its
bigger solute causing it to diffuse longer.
Measuring the rate of osmosis

Set up Initial weight of the Final weight of the % change in

cellulose sac cellulose sac weight

Sac: Distilled water 4.0g 4.0g 0%

Beaker: Distilled water

Sac: 0.4M sucrose 5.2g 5.3g +2%

Beaker: Distilled water

Sac: 0.8M sucrose 4.6g 5.2g +13.05%

Beaker: Distilled water

Sac: 1.0M sucrose 4.6g 5.4g +17.40%

Beaker: Distilled water

Sac: Distilled water 4.4g 3.5g -20.5%

Beaker: 1.0M sucrose

Graph:
 1. What is the relationship of the rate of osmosis with the concentration of sucrose
on one side of the membrane (concentration gradient in sucrose)?
- Osmosis is the movement of water molecules from one gradient to another until
there is equilibrium on both sides of the membrane, with the concentration of a
substance in the bag to the liquid beaker. These differences caused some liquid
to shift into the sac or out of it to balance out the concentrations.

2. Explain the result in sac #5.

- In the case of the fifth sac the sucrose was placed into the beaker and the
distilled water was placed in the sac so in this case, we can see that the
membrane sensed that a concentration outside the sac was more concentrated
compared to the inside so to stabilize the system by pulling liquid from the inside
of the sac to the outside but because the amount of sucrose compared to the
other experiments were larger compared to the previous experiments and was
not limited to the sac it was as if the sac plasmolyzed in a hypertonic solution.

3. In what ways does the cellulose sac/dialysis sac similar to the cell membrane?
- The reason why the dialysis sac is similar to the cell membrane is that it mimics
the process of osmosis and diffusion that occurs in the cell membrane. The
dialysis sac, like the cell membrane, it has a membrane that is semi-permeable
that allows the smaller molecules to penetrate inside of the membrane.

Osmosis and the red blood cell

1. Describe the shape and size of the red blood cell seen on the three slides. Draw
your observation.

A. Slide A: On slide A, the red blood cells had some changes because of the
distilled water and it caused the red blood cells to swell up and burst because of
water going inside of the red blood cells. Also, the shape of the red blood cell
turned into an odd shape.

B. Slide B: On slide B, the red blood cell is in 5% NaCl and it created a huge impact
on the red blood cell. The 5% of the NaCl created an effect in the red blood cell,
which causes the shape of the red blood cell to lose and the way it looks like it is
flat and wrinkled. Moreover, the reason for this cause is because the NaCl
penetrated inside of the red blood cell and it is the reason why it swelled up.
C. Slide C: On slide C, there was .9% of NaCl that is involved with the red blood cell
and the shape of it is oval, which is normal and the .9% of NaCl was just going in
and out of the red blood cell.

2. Based on the result of your experiment,

2.1. Which solution is hyperosmotic relative to the red blood cell? Explain.
- The hyperosmotic is evident in slide B because of the reaction of the red blood
cell, which caused the cell to wrinkle or shrivel due to the 5% NaCl.

2.2. Which solution is hyperosmotic relative to the red blood cell? Explain.
- Slide A possessed the hypoosmotic relative because of the effect that was
created with .9% of NaCl that caused the red blood cell to swell and there was
the liquid that was added to it. The swollen red blood cell exploded and this is the
reason why the other cell has more solution than this cell.

2.3. Which solution is isosmotic relative to the red blood cell? Explain.
- The isosmotic relative can be seen in slide C because the liquid that was
involved was .9% NaCl. This allows the red blood cell and the NaCl to have a
balance and the liquid to go in and out of the red blood cell without causing a
drastic change in the red blood cell’s image.