Students’ names: Valiant D, Chua Jr. & Hanz Khalil Y, Gollon.

Course/Year/Section: Bs-psychology/1st year/A73C

Instructor’s name: Mr. Mark Archei Javier
Date performed: March 23, 2022
Date submitted: March 2022

A. Parts of the Microscope

1. Ocular Lens
2. Revolving nose-piece
3. Objective lens
4. Stage clip
5. Stage
6. Mirror
7. Diaphragm
8. Coarse objective knob
9. Fine objective knob

B. Magnification

Eyepiece Objective Total magnification

Scanner 10x 4x 40x

LPO 10x 10x 100x

HPO 10x 40x 400x

Oil immersion 10x 100x 1000x

C. Draw the letter “e”

1. Normal position
 2. Under low-power objective

3. Under high-power objective

D. The Ocular Micrometer

1.1. Compute for the calibration constant of your ocular micrometer. Show your solution

Under LPO:
LPO:
- Considering that for the LPO 100 ocular divisions are equivalent to 1000
micrometers. Using this we can say that
- in 1 ocular division there is 10 (micrometers (1000um/100 ocular divisions))
Under HPO:
- Due to the HPO having a zoom of a much greater magnitude compared to the
LPO the computation would be adjusted as the HPO has a 400x zoom and that
having the equivalence to 1000 um
- for every 1 ocular division there are 2.5 micrometers. (1000um/400ocular
divisions)

1.2. How do these compare with each other

- While the LPO magnifies the subject by a factor of 100. The HPO can do by a factor
of four times greater than the LPO and can focus more on smaller details of the
subject than the 100X but both still give more detail than the naked eye would.

2.1. Determine the width (in μm) of the Paramecium (same area). Show your solution.

Under LPO:
- The LPO with the image provided showing that the sample measured out to be
about 19 ocular divisions and using the formula of (1 ocular division = 10)
micrometers we get (19 * 10 um = 190 um)

Under HPO:
In the image provided the Paramecium covered an area which was deemed to be
around 78 ocular divisions
(1 division = 2.5 micrometers) (78*2.5um= 195um)

2.2. How do these compare with each other?

Both the enhanced images of the Paramecium showed the eukaryote in detail.
The LPO give us a generally clear overview of the subjects shape and certain
characteristics while the HPO gives us a more in-depth look at the subject's
specific characteristics giving us more shape and textures as well as a more
defined look at the thickness of pellicle the cell wall(6.5um) as well as making the
cilia visible.

ll. Guide questions

1. What is the correct procedure for carrying a microscope?

- The correct procedure for carrying a microscope would be one hand in the base
as it acts like support so that it wouldn’t be damaged in the lower part. The other
hand would be on the arms of the microscope.
2. Compare the image seen in the compound microscope and dissecting microscope in
terms of magnification, dimensions, inversion of image, and direction of movement.
Tabulate your answers.
- In the compound microscope, the magnification is more powerful than the
dissecting microscope as it only has a 5x to 50x magnification, while the
compound has 40x to 1000x magnification. So the image can be seen more
deeply in the compound microscope. The dimension of the dissecting
microscope would have a three-dimensional view of the object and the
compound microscope is only a two-dimensional view. The inversion of the
image in the microscope, the dissecting microscope is upright and the compound
microscope has an inverted image when looking at the lens of the microscope.
Lastly, the direction of movement of the dissecting microscope is just followed
where the direction of the microscope is like if it slides to the left, it would slide to
the left, and if you slide it to the right, it would slide to the right. On the other
hand, the compound microscope would be inverted because when you move it
right, it would actually move to the left and if you move it upwards, it would move
downwards.

3. How does one improve contrast when using a dissecting microscope?

- The simplest way to improve/change the contrast of a specimen is by playing
with the light levels and angles of the system to change the focus of the light and
to show different angles of an object by revealing its shadows. This method can
show us the phase changes and their sources giving certain parts of subjects
more pronounced shapes and borders. Other ways involve placing Rheinberg
filters to give the specimen more color and intern, possibly making the contrast
more pronounced and showing more details of a subject's varying parts.