SUBION, JESTINE M.

LFCA322E028

In your own understanding, provide what is being asked.

 Define Labor Laws and Social Legislations

Labor Laws - encompass statutes, regulations, and legal principles that govern the
relationship between capital and labor. They establish standards for terms and
conditions of employment and provide a legal framework for negotiating, adjusting, and
administering these conditions and the employment relationship.

Social Legislations - are broader in scope, covering laws that offer protection or benefits
to society or specific segments to promote social justice. This category includes labor
legislations as well. Examples of social legislations include CARP and Agrarian Laws, SSS,
GSIS, PhilHealth, Pag-IBIG, Labor Laws, Paternity Leave, Solo Parent Act, and more.

 Interpret the Construction of Labor Standards

The Labor Code of the Philippines, originating from the consolidation of scattered labor
laws, is distinct and unique. Former Senator Blas Ople played a key role in collecting
these laws, leading to the enactment of Presidential Decree No. 442 by former President
Ferdinand Marcos. Article 4 of the Labor Code emphasizes resolving doubts in favor of
labor, reflecting a commitment to prioritize workers in legal interpretations. The phrase
“all doubts” signifies a preference for the worker’s side in case of uncertainties. In the
legal precedent of Acuna v. CA, the Supreme Court affirmed the principle of favoring
workers in disputes with employers, aligning with the state’s policy to provide maximum
aid and protection to labor.

 Enumerate Management Prerogatives

In the relationship between employers and employees, Article 4 of the Labor Code leans
towards supporting workers by resolving uncertainties in their favor. However, it also
acknowledges the rights of employers, known as “management prerogatives,” which
involve the freedom to regulate different aspects of employment. While courts typically
avoid interfering in legitimate business decisions, labor laws aim to strike a balance
between employee well-being and the right of employers to exercise management
prerogatives. This delicate balance respects the rights of both parties. It’s important to
note that the exercise of management prerogatives is not absolute; it has limitations
imposed by law, collective bargaining agreements, employment contracts, employer
policies, and general principles of fairness and justice. These limitations ensure a fair
balance between the freedom of employers and the protection of employees’ rights.