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DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

LABORATORY PROJECT REPORT
On
“calculate the obstructed length of the e-block building by indirect
chain surveying”
For the lab : “Surveying &Geomatics”
IN BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY IN CIVIL ENGINEERING
Submitted by:
1.G.GANESH( 23915A0106)
2.K.Murali Mohan (22911A0115)
3.K.Venkat Ram Reddy (22911A0114)
Under The Guidance Of Lab Faculty :
1.Mr.Uma Shankar
2.Mrs.Abhigna
Table of content:
1. Abstract
2. Purpose
3. Principles
4.Material and equipments used
5. Procedure
6. Results
7.Conclusion
8. References
1.Abstract :
 In surveying, a chain refers to a measuring instrument used to
determine distances on the ground. The chain used in surveying is
commonly known as a surveyor’s chain or Gunter’s chain. It consists
of a series of interconnected links, typically made of metal, with a
standardized length.
 The most widely used chain in surveying is Gunter’s chain, which
consists of 100 links. Each link is approximately 20.1168 meters (66
feet) in length. The chain is made of durable material, such as steel,
and is marked at regular intervals to facilitate accurate
measurements.
 The chain is designed to be used in a linear fashion, with one end
held at the starting point and the other end extended along the
survey line. The surveyor moves along the line, keeping the chain
taut and aligned with the measuring line. The distance between two
points is determined by counting the number of full chain lengths
(100 links) and any remaining links.
 To enhance accuracy, the chain is equipped with handles or rings at
each end for surveyors to hold securely. It is crucial to ensure that
the chain is properly stretched and aligned during measurements to
minimize errors. Surveyors must also account for any sag or variation
in the chain’s length due to environmental factors like temperature
and tension.

2.Purpose :
The main purpose is to find the obstructed length of the E block building by indirect
chain surveying. purposes, including planning and development, land ownership
disputes, and construction projects.Chain surveying is a branch of land surveying that
focuses on taking linear measurements in the field, without involving angular
measurements. This method is particularly suitable for surveying small areas with simple
details and relatively flat terrain. It operates on the principle of Chain Triangulation,
dividing the survey area into multiple small triangles. Using chains or tape measures,
distances and angles between points are measured, and trigonometry is often employed
to calculate distances in space.
Chain survey/surveying is a very old method of Surveying. This article includes the
definition of chain survey along with all detailed information with necessary images about
various aspects of chain surveying.

The chain survey is the simplest method of surveying. In the chain survey, only
measurements are taken in the field, and the rest work, such as plotting calculation, etc. are
done in the office. Here only linear measurements are made i.e. no angular measurements
are made. This is most suitably adapted to small plane areas with very few details. If
carefully done, it gives quite accurate results.

3.principles:
The principles of chain surveying include:

1. Linear measurement: The measurement of distance between two points is the

fundamental principle of chain surveying. A chain or tape is used to measure the
distance between points.

2. Accuracy: The measurements obtained through chain surveying must be accurate

and reliable. This requires the use of precise instruments and careful techniques.

3. Orientation: The survey must be oriented correctly to a known benchmark or

reference point. This is done to ensure that the survey is consistent with other surveys
in the area and to avoid errors in the measurements.

4. Leveling: The survey must be leveled accurately to ensure that the elevations are correct.
5. Booking: The measurements obtained during the survey must be recorded in a systematic and
organized manner in a field book.

6. Plotting: The measurements recorded in the field book are then plotted on a map or plan to
create an accurate representation of the land surveyed.

4.Materials and Equipment used :

1. Measuring chain or tape: A chain or tape is used to measure the distances between points. The
chain is made up of a number of links, usually 100 or 200 links, with each link measuring a fixed
distance.

2. Ranging rods: These are used to mark the end points of the chain and to keep the chain straight
during measurement.
3. Pegs: These are used to mark the points where measurements are taken.

4.cross staff: it is used to set out right angles at required points at edges

5.procedure:
1.First we need to chainage the length of the e block wall from inner
phase of the boundary wall.
2.then we got obstruction of wall in between the chainaging process.
3. Then after we need to set out perpendicular about the line using cross
staff and the same line obtained beside the wall of e block which is
obstructed in both vision and changing process
4. Now measure the length upto another side of the wall then after again
set out perpendicular with cross staff and go again the same line as we
started at fitst .
5.then measure from that point of perpendicular to another inner surface
of the boundary wall

6. Results:
1. From field observations we got the total length of line from inner to
inner of boundary walls is 95.52 meters
2. Obstructed length of e block = total – 8m -5.96 m
=95.52 -13.96m
=81.56m

7.Conclusion:
Hence we got the obstructed length of E block is ‘81.56’ meters

So total length of line is 95.52

8.References:
R.K Bansal

Wikipedia

And dimploma surveying textbook 1