Laboratory Experiment 2

Title: Investigation of Average Speed and Average Velocity in Straight-Line Motion

Objective:

Explore the distinctions between average speed and average velocity through a household
experiment.

Apparatus/Materials:

Toy car or any small-wheeled object

Ruler or measuring tape

Stopwatch or timer

Straight, flat surface (e.g., hallway or smooth floor)

Notebook and pen for data recording

Procedure:

1. Setup:

a. Choose a straight and smooth surface for the experiment.

b. Position the ruler or measuring tape along the motion path for distance
measurement.

2. Distance Measurement:

a. Place the toy car at the starting point.

b. Measure and mark the starting and endpoint with the ruler or measuring tape.

c. Record the distance

d. between the two points.

3. Time Measurement:

a. Use the stopwatch or timer to measure the time (t) for the toy car to travel from start
to end.

b. Repeat the timing process to obtain an average time.

4. Calculations:

d
a. Calculate the average speed (v) using the formula: v=
t
 b. Record the average speed.

5. Change in Direction:

a. Introduce an obstacle (e.g., a book) along the motion path to alter the direction.

b. Repeat the experiment, measuring time and distance as before.

6. Average Velocity Calculation:

a. Calculate the average velocity (v') using the formula:

' ∆d
v= where ∆ d is thechange ∈distance∧∆ t isthe change ∈time
∆t

Observations and Analysis: Compare and contrast the results of average speed and average velocity.
Discuss any disparities, particularly in scenarios involving changes in direction.

Conclusion: Summarize the experiment's key findings and reflect on the relationship between average
speed and average velocity, especially when direction changes occur.

Note: Prioritize safety precautions during the experiment, ensuring a hazard-free environment. Adult
supervision is recommended, and the chosen area should be free of obstacles that may pose safety risks
during the experiment.