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Dynamics Laws of Motion
Dynamics Laws of Motion
Dynamics
Newton’s Laws of Motion
Topic Outline
• Inertia and Newton’s First Law of Motion
• Newton’s Second Law of Motion
• Applications of Newton’s Second Law
• Newton’s Third Law of Motion
Learning Outcomes
• Define the conditions of equilibrium.
• State Newton’s Laws of Motion and apply it to
physical situations.
• Describe inertia and its relationship with
mass.
• State Newton’s Third Law of Motion and
identify the action-reaction of forces.
Newton’s Laws of Motions
Newton’s Laws of Motion
• Sir Isaac Newton (1643-
1727)
• an English scientist and
mathematician famous
for his discovery of the
law of gravity
• These laws describe
how common objects
move under the
influence of forces.
Newton’s First Law of Motion
Newton’s 1st Law of Motion:
Law of Inertia
“ An object at rest will remain at rest and an
object in motion continues in motion with
the same speed and in the same direction
unless acted upon by an unbalanced force. “
Newton’s 1st Law of Motion:
Law of Inertia
• Inertia
– the tendency of an object to oppose changes in its
state of motion
– It is a property of matter
F1 F2
Concurrent Forces F1 = F2
First Condition of Equilibrium
• The net linear external force on the system
must be zero.
ΣF = 0
ΣF = Fx + Fy = 0
ΣFx = 0
ΣFy = 0
Translational Equilibrium
First Condition of Equilibrium
Static Equilibrium
First Condition of Equilibrium
Dynamic Equilibrium
Sample Problem #1
• Determine the
force being
applied on the
rope.
Given: Solution: cos 45 = TLx / TL
SOH CAH TOA TLx = -TL cos 45
TL
TLy sin 45 = TLy /TL
45o
TLy = TL sin 45
TLx
cos 30 = TRx / TR
TRx = TR cos30
TR TRy sin 30 = TRy / TR
30o
TRy = TR sin 30
TRx
Required: TL , TR
Equation: Tx = 0
T Ty = T= -98N
ΣFx = 0
Σfy = 0
Solution: TLx = -TL cos 45
ΣFx = 0 TLy = TL sin 45
ΣFx = TLx + TRx + Tx = 0 TRx = TR cos30
-TL cos 45 + TR cos30 + 0 = 0 TRy = TR sin 30
-TL cos 45 + TR cos30 = 0 Tx = 0
TR = TL cos 45 / cos 30 (eqn 1) Ty = T= -98N
ΣFy = 0
ΣFy = TLy + TRy + Ty = 0
TL sin 45 + TR sin 30 -98N = 0
TL sin 45 + TR sin 30 = 98N (eqn 2)
F1
F2
Non-Concurrent Forces F1 = F2
Equilibrium
F1
F2
Non-Concurrent Forces F1 = F2
Second Condition of Equilibrium
• A rotating body or system can be in
equilibrium if its rate of rotation is constant
and remains unchanged by the forces acting
on it.
Second Condition of Equilibrium
• The net external torque on a system must be
zero.
Στ = 0
Στ = F∙r
Rotational Equilibrium
Second Condition of Equilibrium
Second Condition of Equilibrium
• Torque
• Moment arm/lever arm
• Fulcrum
• Axis of rotation
Second Condition of Equilibrium
• Torque – the product of the force and its
moment arm
τ = F∙r
F=10N
1m 60o
Note:
Moment arm – is the perpendicular distance
from the axis of rotation to the line of action of
the force
F=10N
τ = F∙r
= 10N ∙r
1m 60o
60o
= 10N ∙ 1m sin 60o
τ = 8.66 Nm
Unbalanced forces
cause acceleration.
Newton’s 2nd Law of Motion:
Law of Acceleration
ΣF = ma
Force mass acceleration
Newton (N) kg m/s2
Dyne (dyn) g cm/s2
Pound (lb) slug ft/s2
Sample Problem #3
• An elevator with a mass of 2000 kg rises with
an acceleration of 1.0 m/s2. What is the
tension in the supporting cable?
Given:
An elevator with a mass of 2000 m=2000kg
kg rises with an acceleration of a= 1 m/s2
1.0 m/s2. What is the tension in
Required: T
the supporting cable?
Equation: F=ma
Solution:
ΣF = ma
T – W = ma
T = W + ma
= 2000kg (9.8m/s2 ) + 2000kg(1m/s2 )
T = 21600N
Sample Problem #4
• A 50 N applied force drags a 100-N log to the
right across a horizontal surface. What is the
acceleration of the log if the frictional force is
40.0 N and the normal force is 30N ?
A 50 N applied force drags a 100-N log to the
right across a horizontal surface. What is the
acceleration of the log if the frictional force is Given:
40.0 N and the normal force is 30N ? Fapp= 50N
W = 100N
Ff=40N
FN = 30N
Required: a
Equation: F=ma
Solution:
a= ΣF/m
= Fapp-Ff /m
= 50N-40N / 10.20kg
a= 0.98m/s2
Newton’s Third Law of Motion
Newton’s 3rd Law of Motion:
Law of Action-Reaction or Interaction
“For every action there is an equal and
opposite reaction. “
F1 = - F2
Newton’s 3rd Law of Motion:
Law of Action-Reaction or Interaction
Newton’s 3rd Law of Motion:
Law of Action-Reaction or Interaction
Newton’s 3rd Law of Motion:
Law of Action-Reaction or Interaction
Newton’s 3rd Law of Motion:
Law of Action-Reaction or Interaction
Newton’s 3rd Law of Motion:
Law of Action-Reaction or Interaction
Newton’s 3rd Law of Motion:
Law of Action-Reaction or Interaction
Describes the relationship between two forces in an
interaction.
• One force is called the action force.
• The other force is called the reaction force.
• Neither force exists without the other.
• They are equal in strength and opposite in
direction.
• They occur at the same time (simultaneously).
Newton’s Laws of Motion
1. An object in motion tends to stay in motion and an
object at rest tends to stay at rest unless acted
upon by an unbalanced force.