SUBJECT-BDAC straight staircase and it is widely adopted

too.
INTERPRETATION OF
CONSTRUCTION DRAWINGS.
The construction of the Dogleg Stairs is
economical because of its compact
STAIRCASE design. The staircase utilizes the space
provided. It just requires space that is
twice the width of steps.
A staircase is a series of steps that
connect different levels of a building. It
is a functional and architectural element
that provides access to various levels of
a structure and can also serve as a design
Components of dog legged staircase
feature.

Types of staircases include:

1. Straight Staircase: A straight

staircase is the simplest type
of staircase and is straight
from bottom to top. Solution
2. Spiral Staircase: A spiral
staircase is a circular Vertical section
staircase that spirals upwards,
taking up less space than
traditional straight staircases.
3. L-shaped Staircase: An L-
shaped staircase has two
flights of stairs, one going up
and one going down. Also
known as dog legged.
4. U-shaped Staircase: A U-
shaped staircase has three
flights of stairs, two going up
and one going down.
5. Winding Staircase: A
winding staircase has a
curved design and may have
several turns and curves.
6. Open Staircase: An open
staircase has treads and risers
that are visible, giving the Plan
staircase a more open and
airy feel.
7. Closed Staircase: A closed
staircase has walls on both
sides, providing more privacy
and security.

The choice of staircase type depends on

the layout of the building, the available
space, and the desired aesthetic.
Question
Staircases can be made from a variety of
materials, including wood, metal, and
concrete, and can be designed to match
the style and decor of the building.

Dog Legged Staircase

A dog legged staircase consists of two

flights running opposite to each other DOOR
with a landing at the point where the
direction of flight is changed. It is the A door is a movable structure used to
simplest form of the staircase after the block off an entrance or exit to a
building, room, or compartment. Doors
are typically made of wood, metal, glass,
or other materials and can be opened and
closed to allow people, animals, and
objects to pass through. Doors serve
various purposes, including providing
security, privacy, and temperature
control. The design of doors can vary
greatly, ranging from simple slabs to
ornately carved and decorated structures.
Functions of door
1. Security: Doors serve as a
barrier that keeps unwanted
visitors out and prevents the
theft of valuable items.
2. Privacy: Doors provide
privacy by blocking
unwanted sights and sounds,
giving people the ability to
control who enters and exits
their space.
3. Insulation: Doors help to
regulate temperature, air
circulation, and sound
transmission, thereby helping
to maintain a comfortable
environment inside.
4. Fire safety: Doors play an
important role in ensuring
fire safety by slowing down
or stopping the spread of fire,
thus giving people more time
to evacuate.
5. Access control: Doors can be
used to restrict or allow
access to specific areas,
helping to control the flow of
people and goods.
6. Aesthetic appeal: Doors can
be designed and finished to
complement the architecture
of a building, adding to its
overall aesthetic appeal.
7. Ease of use: Doors must be
easy to open and close,
especially for people with
disabilities or mobility issues.
8. Energy efficiency: Doors can
be designed and installed to
reduce heat transfer, thus
helping to lower energy bills.
9. Protection from the elements:
Doors provide protection
from the elements, such as
wind, rain, snow, and
extreme temperatures.
10. Ventilation: Doors can be
designed with ventilation
features, allowing fresh air to
circulate, improving indoor
air quality
TYPES OF DOORS
1. Hinged doors: These are the
most common type of door
and are attached to the frame
by hinges.
2. Sliding doors: Sliding doors
are used for both interior and
exterior applications, and are
commonly used for patios
and closets.
3. French doors: French doors
are a pair of hinged doors that
open to the outside and are
typically used for patio
access.
4. Pocket doors: Pocket doors
are sliding doors that
disappear into a pocket in the
wall when opened.
5. Bi-fold doors: Bi-fold doors
are hinged doors that fold in
half and are used to save
space in closets and pantries.
6. Dutch doors: Dutch doors are
split in half and can be
opened either from the top or
bottom.
7. Accordion doors: Accordion
doors are a type of folding
door that opens and closes by
sliding on tracks.
8. Storm doors: Storm doors are
installed on the exterior of
the main door to provide
additional protection from the
elements.
Factors that determine the choice
of a door
1. Purpose: The intended use of
the door is a crucial factor in
determining the type of door
to choose. For example,
doors used for security or fire
protection need to be made of
fire-resistant materials.
2. Space: The amount of space
available for the door and its
opening is an important
consideration, as some types
of doors require more space
than others.
3. Style: The style and aesthetic
of the door should
complement the overall
design of the building.
4. Security: The level of
security required for a door is
an important factor to
consider, especially for
exterior doors and doors to
high-security areas.
5. Weather conditions: The
climate and weather
conditions in the area can
impact the choice of door,
such as doors made from
materials that can withstand
extreme weather conditions.
6. Budget: The cost of the door
and its installation is an
important consideration, as
different types of doors have
varying price points.
7. Ease of use: Doors must be
easy to open and close,
especially for people with
disabilities or mobility issues.
8. Energy efficiency: The
energy efficiency of the door
is important, especially in
areas with harsh weather
conditions or high energy
bills.
9. Maintenance: The
maintenance required for the
door should also be taken
into consideration, as some
types of doors require more
maintenance than others.
10. Building codes: Building
codes and regulations must
be followed when choosing a
door, as some types of doors
may not be allowed for
specific types of buildings or
in certain areas.
QUESTION
 The main components of a water supply
system are:

1. Source: The source of water

can be a river, lake, reservoir,
or underground aquifer.
2. Treatment plant: The water is
treated at a water treatment
plant to remove impurities
and contaminants and make it
safe for drinking.
3. Pumping stations: Pumping
stations are used to pump
water from the source to the
treatment plant and from the
treatment plant to the
distribution system.
4. Distribution system: The
distribution system is a
network of pipes, valves, and
Solution
meters that transport water
from the treatment plant to
First Convert measurements
consumers.
to a scale of 1:5before drawing the door
5. Storage tanks: Storage tanks
are used to store water in case
of emergency or high
demand.
6. Meters: Meters are used to
measure the amount of water
used by each consumer and
to bill for the service.

Water supply system

A water supply system is a system that

transports water from its source to
homes, businesses, and other consumers.
It is an essential infrastructure that
provides safe and clean drinking water to
communities.