9th Grade

Trigonometry
Quarter 2
Mrs. Allyn R. Mendez
Mathematics Teacher
Quezon City Science High School
Objectives:

1. Recall the special angles in the unit

circle.
2. Graph the sine and cosine functions.
3. Determine its properties.
Graphs of Sine and
Cosine Functions
We know that the 𝑦-coordinates of these points represent sine values of the
corresponding angles. Using degrees, we can construct the input–output
table for the function sin 𝑥.

A key feature of sin 𝑥,which is demonstrated in its graph, is that this function
begins with the value 0 when 𝑥 = 0∘,and it increases to the maximum value 1
when 𝑥 = 90∘.By plotting the points from the input–output table above, we
can approximate the graph of sin 𝑥.
As noted earlier, the graph of sin 𝑥 begins at zero when 𝑥=0∘,and it increases
to the maximum value 1 when 𝑥=90∘.
Since 𝑥 represents the angle on the unit circle diagram, we know that each of
these values repeats every 360∘,or 2𝜋 radians. This leads to the fact that sin𝑥 is
periodic, with a period of 360∘,or 2𝜋 radians. The graph of sin𝑥 can be extended
beyond the interval [0,360]∘ by creating copies of the graph of this interval. For
example, the graph of sin𝑥 over [−1080,1080] is shown below.
From the graph, we can see that sin𝑥 has roots at every 180∘ starting from 0∘.We also
note that the sine function is odd, which means that its graph is rotationally symmetric
about the origin. This property is algebraically expressed by sin(−𝑥) = − sin 𝑥,for any
real number 𝑥.
What about the graph of the cosine function? How does it
look like?
We can determine the graph of the cosine function using a similar process.
We know that the 𝑥-coordinates of points on the unit circle represent cosine
values of the corresponding angles. Then, we can obtain the input–output
table.
By plotting these points, we can approximate the graph of the cosine function.

Unlike the graph of sine, cosine begins at the maximum value 1 at 𝑥=0∘ and
decreases to the minimum value −1 at 𝑥=180∘.
Like sine, cosine is a periodic function with a period of 360∘,or 2𝜋 radians, and we can
extend this graph to a larger interval by making copies of the graph over [0,360]∘.The
graph of cos𝑥 over [−1080,1080]∘ is shown below.
The roots of cos𝑥 begin at 90∘ and repeat every 180∘.Unlike sine, we can see
that cosine is an even function, which means that it has reflective symmetry
with respect to the 𝑦-axis. Algebraically, this means cos(−𝑥)= cos 𝑥.
Which of the following is the graph of 𝑦 = cos 𝑥?
Which function does the
plot in the graph, figure (a),
represent?
A. Cosine
B. Sine
1.Which function does
the plot in the graph,
figure (a), represent?
A. Cosine
B. Sine
Which function does
the plot in the graph
represent?
A.𝑦=cos 𝑥
B.𝑦=2cos 𝑥
C.𝑦=−sin 𝑥
D.𝑦=sin 𝑥
E.𝑦=−cos 𝑥
 How do we graph the sine and cosine
functions?
What are the important things to consider
in graphing these functions?
Watch the video lesson given in our GC to
know about amplitude, period, vertical
and horizontal shifting of the
trigonometric functions.
Thank you!