Applied Mechanics and Materials Vols 204-208 (2012) pp 1669-1672 Online: 2012-10-26

© (2012) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland

doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.204-208.1669

Different Chosen-unit-weight Shear Resistant Property of the

Asphalt Mixture on the Bailey Method
Yu Zhang1, a, Bing Han2,b and Bowei Sun3,c
1
Instruction Department of the Highway Engineering，Transport Management Institute Ministry of
Transport of the People’s Republic of China，Beijing,101601,China
2
Instruction Department of the Highway Engineering，Transport Management Institute Ministry of
Transport of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing, 101601, China
Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100022, China
3
Beijing Hongbo Automatic Control Equipment Factory, Beijing Changping District Xiaoxinzhuang
Industrial Zone No. 8, Beijing, 100096 ,China
a b c
zhangyu@bjjtxy.bj.cn, hbhbb@bjjtxy.bj.cn, sunbowei2000@126.com

Keywords: Bailey method; Chosen-unit-weight; Asphalt mixture; Shear resistant property

Abstract: This paper studied on the different chosen-unit-weight shear resistant property on different
temperature with direct shear test. The results show that the shear strength on 60° C and the dyna mic
stability in rutting test on 60° C have familiar trend, the shear strength and the dynamic stability in
rutting test have a good relationship on evaluating the high temperature stability of the asphalt
mixture. Based on the performance demand ,this paper gives reasonable Bailey parameters
Chosen-unit-weight range.

Introduction
With the rapid development of China's national economy, China's highway construction has entered
an unprecedented era.More than 80 percent of the surface layer of the high-grade highways in China
was made by asphalt, the quality of pavement compaction has a direct impact on the quality of the
highway.The traditional asphalt Mixture using the Marshall method, however, to establish a link
between the indicator of stability and the pavement performance is difficult during the design process.
And the whole process of designing asphalt mixtures with Marshall Method did not consider
Shear-resistant Properties of the material.Therefore it is possible in the role of an overloaded vehicle
or several, the asphalt mixture shear failure, the material within the micro-cracks, causing the entire
road early damage, Marshall test does not have the ability of evaluation Shear-resistant Properties of
asphalt mixture.To solve this problem, this paper do some research from Shear-resistant Properties of
mixture.

Variety of Raw Materials and Grading

This study use A-70# Shell asphalt with density 1.041 g/cm3 and indicators to meet the technical
requirements of heavy traffic asphalt A-70#. The aggregate is limestone, the ore is finely ground
limestone powder, the indicators meet the regulatory requirements.
Grading.Gradation table 1 used in this study is for the different chosen-unit-weight, which use
gradation AC-16, select the design density of the bulk density of 90%, 95%, 100%, 105%, 110%,
according to Bailey method principles of design gradation, fine aggregate dry pound density fill the
gap formed by the coarse aggregate, 0.075mm through rate of 5%.[2,3]

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1670 Progress in Industrial and Civil Engineering

Table1 Different Chosen-unit-weight Gradations for asphalt mixture

chosen-unit-weight The percentage passing different sieve sizes (%)

(%) 19 16 13.2 9.5 4.75 2.36 1.18 0.6 0.3 0.15 0.075
90 100 92.7 82.1 58.1 41.1 29 20.5 14.6 10.3 7.8 5
95 100 92.4 81.5 56.2 38.7 27.4 19.4 14 9.9 7.7 5
100 100 92.1 80.8 54.3 36.4 25.8 18.4 13.4 9.5 7.5 5
105 100 91.8 80.2 52.4 34.2 24.2 17.4 12.8 9.1 7.4 5
110 100 91.5 79.5 50.5 32 22.6 16.4 12.2 8.7 7.2 5
Different Chosen-Unit-Weight of the Asphalt Mixture Shear and Rutting Test Results
Different chosen-unit-weight of the asphalt mixture shear test results. Different
chosen-unit-weight of asphalt mixture shear test trend of 25°C, 40°C ,60°C are shown in Table 2 and
Fig.1, Fig.2, Fig.3 and Fig.4.
Table2 Different chosen-unit-weight direct shear test results

chosen-unit-weight 25°C Shear 40°C Shear 60°C Shear

Strength Strength Strength
(%)
(Mpa) (MPa) (Mpa)
90 1.351 0.463 0.195
95 1.375 0.475 0.208
100 1.394 0.493 0.210
105 1.338 0.389 0.193
110 1.266 0.331 0.175

1.4 0.5
Shear Strength

Shear Strength

1.35 0.4
（MPa）

（MPa）

0.3
1.3
25℃ 0.2 40℃
1.25
0.1

1.2 0
90 95 100 105 110 90 95 100 105 110
chosen-unit-weight（%） chosen-unit-weight（%）

Fig.1 Different chosen-unit-weight Fig.2 Different chosen-unit-weight

shear Strength of 25 °C shear Strength of 40 °C

0.25 1.4
Sh ear Strength（ MPa）
Shear Strength

0.2 1.2
1
（MPa ）

0.15
0.8
chosen-unit-
0.1 60℃ 0.6 weight-90%
0.05 0.4
0.2
0
90 95 100 105 110 0
25℃ 40℃ 60℃
chosen-unit-weight（%） temperature

Fig.3 Different chosen-unit-weight Fig.4 Chosen-unit-weight-90% shear

shear Strength of 60 °C Strength of 25 °C, 40 °C, 60 °C
As can be seen from Fig.1, Fig.2, Fig.3 and Fig.4, with the increase of the chosen-unit-weight, the
asphalt mixture shear strength at 25 °C, 40 °C, 60 °C have the same variation, which first increase to
reach peak then decreased. And as the temperature increases, the shear properties of the mixture are
reduced.
 Applied Mechanics and Materials Vols. 204-208 1671

Different chosen-unit-weight of the asphalt mixture rutting test results .The different
chosen-unit-weight of asphalt mixture rutting dynamic stability variations of 60 °C are shown in
Table 3and Figure 5.

Table3 Different chosen-unit-weight rutting test results

chosen-unit-weight (%) 90 95 100 105 110
DS (times/mm) 1696 2278 2432 1663 1169

3000
2500 y = 35790x - 5174.3
2500 R2 = 0.9699
DS（times/mm）

2000

DS（ times/mm）
2000
1500 60℃
1500
1000 60 ° C 1000

500 500

0 0
90 95 100 105 110 0.17 0.18 0.19 0.2 0.21 0.22
chosen-unit-weight（%） shear Strength（MPa）

Fig.5 Different chosen-unit-weight Fig.6 Different chosen-unit-weight shear

dynamic stability of 60 °C strength and dynamic stability regression
relationship of 60 °C

From Fig.5, Fig.6, the different chosen-unit-weight of the asphalt mixture shear strength and high
temperature rutting dynamic stability of 60 °C are for linear regression analysis, the correlation
coefficients are 0.9679, the shear strength and rutting dynamic stability of different
chosen-unit-weigh of asphalt mixture at 60 °C has a very good correlation[1].
With the increase of the chosen-unit-weight, there are two effects to the high temperature
performance of asphalt mixture: one is that a more and more the amount of coarse aggregate, which is
favorable for high temperature performance; another is the porosity increases, less and less dense,
which is unfavorable for high temperature performance. These two factors together affect five high
temperature performance grading variation. Be seen from Fig.5, as the design density increase from
90% to 110% , the variation of the high temperature performance is essentially peaked at 100 percent
time, and then slowly drop down. Because the coarse aggregate increases when the
chosen-unit-weight increases, the large stone asphalt mixture changed more [5]. But With the further
increase of the chosen-unit-weight, high temperature performance drop down, because less and less
dense due to.

Different Chosen-Unit-Weight of the Asphalt Mixture Water Stability Test Results

This paper conducts immersion Marshall test and freeze-thaw splitting test on five design
chosen-unit-weight asphalt mixture in accordance with experimental methods prescribed in"Standard
Test Methods of Bitumen and Bituminous Mixtures for Highway Engineering" T0729-2000[4],
results are shown in Table 4.

Table4 Different chosen-unit-weight water stability test results

chosen-unit-weight (%) 90 95 100 105 110
retained stability (%) 90.8 93.2 96.7 95.8 94.3
TSR (%) 78.6 82.4 89.8 81.5 80.1
It can be seen in Table 4, with the increase of the chosen-unit-weight, water stability of asphalt
mixture first increases, then decreases and reaches peak at 100%. This is due to the
chosen-unit-weight smaller process is that the increase in the number of fine aggregate filler process.
1672 Progress in Industrial and Civil Engineering

Fine aggregate in the process of filling exist one of the most dense which can explain it exist the most
dense point in the process of the change of the chosen-unit-weight. When the small amount of fine
aggregate, it can’t completely fill the gap of coarse aggregate, the percent air voids of the mixed
aggregate is still relatively large at this time. With the increase in the amount of fine aggregate, the gap
of the coarse aggregate has been more to fill , the percent air voids of the mixed aggregate is gradually
reduced, When the amount of fine aggregate increases to just be able to fill the gap of coarse
aggregate, then the percent air voids of the mixed aggregate reach minimum; Since then the number of
fine aggregate t increase further, which will soften the coarse aggregate, thus the percent air voids of
the mixed aggregate increases. Therefore the water stability variation of the mixtures first increases
and then decreases.

Recommended Bailey Method Chosen-Unit-Weight Range

Based on the requires taking into account the good resistance to high temperature rutting and water
damage of the asphalt mixture, this paper proposes that the AC-16 asphalt mixture
chosen-unit-weight range is from 95% to 105%.

Concludes
(1) With the increase of the chosen-unit-weight, the asphalt mixture shear strength variation at 25 ° C,
40 ° C, 60 ° C are all first increase to reach peak then decreased.
(2) With increasing temperature, the shear Performance of the mixture degrades.
(3) Different chosen-unit-weight shear strength and rutting dynamic stability variation of asphalt
mixture at 60 ° C are similar.
(4)With the increase of the chosen-unit-weight, the water stability variation of the mixtures first
increases and then decreases.
(5) Based on the comprehensive road performance requirement of the asphalt mixture, this paper
proposes that the AC-16 asphalt mixture chosen-unit-weight range is from 95% to 105%.

Acknowledgements

This paper is completed under the guidance of the respected mentor Professor Peiwen Hao. And
during the topic research and thesis work, I got a lot of help From the members of the group. Here, I
express my sincere gratitude to them.

References
[1]Weidong Cao, Weimin Lv, Xiaojun Li:Journal Of CHINA & Foreign Highway,
Changsha,2005,pp.85-86,In Chinese
[2]Peiwen Hao, Jinzhi Xu, Huaizhi Zhou: Journal of Chang’an University:Natural Science Edition ,
Xi'an ,2004,pp.2-3, In Chinese
[3] William R. Vavrik, William J. Pine, Samuel H. Carpenter, Aggregate Blending for Asphalt Mix
Design: “The Bailey Method” ,TRB 02-3629 ,November 15, 2001
[4] Research Institute Of Highway Ministry Of Transport: Standard Test Methods of Bitumen and
Bituminous Mixtures for Highway Engineering（ JTJ052-2000 ） [S]. People's Communications
Publishing House，Beijing,2000
[5] William R.Vavrik, William J.Pine ,Gerald Huber, Samuel H.Carpenter and Robert Baliey ,The
Bailey Method of Gradation Evaluation : The Influence of Aggregate Gradation and Packing
Characteristics on Voids in the Mineral Aggregate ,AAPT. Vol70, 2001
Progress in Industrial and Civil Engineering
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Different Chosen-Unit-Weight Shear Resistant Property of the Asphalt Mixture on the Bailey Method
10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.204-208.1669