FORMULA SHEET

Il In
IDEAL RANKINE CYCLE ACTUAL RANKINE CYCLE
IF ADIABATIC
IRREVERSIBLE PROCESS:

h, -he
=
I

WORK h, -hz

IF
POLYTROPIC PROCESS:

x
=
h, -he'- QLOSS

CYCLE ANALYSIS
EXACT PUMP WORK:
IP' WP Wp = NOTES NI SIR
D
= -

Wp hB
=

h3 HM Up
WORK PUMP
-

APPROXIMATE PUMP WORK:

45/Pi-P
P3
WP =
= =

Wp Y3 (PB-Pz) xz (P.
= =
-
Pz) np

HEAT ADDED QA=h,-hB Qx h, -hB'

QA h1 B h1 (kz Wp) hi 43 NP
= = -
= - + -
-

HEAT REJECTED
QR n 43 Q R= ke- h3
=

2
-

WNET = x -
xP

WORK NET WNET=QA- QR

WNET hi
=
-

hz -
WP

THERMAL &CYCLE WNET =

1 00
x

QA

EFFICIENCY OF
CYCLE CCYCLE W WP X 100
=
-

①A

WCYCLE = min

STEAM RATE OF WNET

CYCLE ICYCLE = 3600

WNE T

ENGINE ANALYSIS
CENGINE DENGINE:IN'
THERMAL
=
W x 100 1 08
x

Ec
Ec
EFFICIENCY OF
h. h2 DENGINE hi-he
ENGINE
x 100 1 00
=

ENGINE
-
= x

hi 43 hi-hy
-

WENGINE:In
-

STEAM RATE OF I

ENGINE ITENGINE 3600

=

HEAT RATE OF HR WENGINE

=

x EC

ENGINE
 NOTE:THERMAL EFFICIENCY (C) WORK (W) NG HINAHANAD
=

xWK
ENERGY CHARGE ABLE

3600
STEAM RATE (W) =

WB
-

**
in
NO
WI
FNGINE_EFFICIENCY -

ENGINE V
WY
GENERATOR
HEAT BATE (HR)=STEAM RAENG HINAHANAD X Energy CHARGEABLE

THERMAL EFFICIENCIES
IDEAL THERMAL ①ENGINE = I

EFFICIENCY Ec

INDICATED THERMAL
=
x1

EFFICIENCY
BRAKE THERMAL eB
I
=

EFFICIENY
COMBINED THERMAL ex
1
=

EFFICIENCY

STEAM RATES
IDEAL STEAM RATE WENGINE 3600
=

INDICATED STEAM RATE WT 3600

=

WI

BRAKE STEAM RATE /B 3600

=

/B

COMBINED STEAM RATE W 3600

=

IK

ENGINE EFFICIENCIES
INDICATED ENGINE n

EFFICIENCY =
BRAKE ENGINE HB WB
=

EFFICIENCY W

COMBINED ENGINE
1
nx =

EFFICIENCY
TURBINE MECHANICAL Um WB =

100%
=

EFFICIENCY WI

100%
GENERATOR EFFICIENCY no Wx
=
I

IB

HEAT RATES
IDEAL HEAT RATE HR WENGINE EC
=

INDICATED HEAT RATE HR, Wi EC

=

BRAKE HEAT RATE HRB WB EC

=

COMBINED HEAT RATE HRK WK EC

=
 ACTUAL RANKINE CYCLE VIDEO LECTURE

A RANKINE CYCLE HAS THE FOLLOWING OPERATING CONDITIONS:

ACTUAL & POINT I

& POINT
STEAM PRESSURE, 2.5 MPa INDICATED STEAM RATE = 5.45 kgm/KW-hr -

Pl

I -

STEAM TEMPERATURE, 280 °C T, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY = 90 % -

EXHAUST PRESSURE, 0.03 MPa

& POINT 2
&CYCLE & DENGINE

FOR IDEAL CYCLE & ENGINE, CALCULATE A) THE THERMAL EFFICIENCY, AND
B) THE STEAM RATE WCYCLE&WENGINE

FOR ACTUAL ENGINE, DETERMINE C) THE ACTUAL CONDITION OF EXHAUST

STEAM, D) MASS FLOW RATE OF STEAM (kgm/hr) FOR A GENERATOR OUTPUT OF
1MW AND nG= 94% E) BRAKE ENGINE EFFICIENCY, AND F) COMBINED THERMAL
EFFICIENCY
SOLVE
AS AN IDEAL PROCESS
Pi 2.5MP a
=

1
T1 280.C
=

1
P, 1.5MP9
=

WOUT
ENGINE I X
T, 280C
=

S
S C =

2.5 NPa
BOILER PC
=

QABSORB
2 P= 0.03 MPG SC =

PC
=

B ⑧

I
SC
=

Pe 0.03 MPa
=

0.03 MPa
38 ⑧ 2
B CONDENSER P C
=

>
QREJECTED
>S
PC =

PUMP L
↓
3
↓I
SC WIN
=

FOR AN IDEAL CYCLE &

ENGINE

SOLUE FOR PROPERTIES:

THE

& POINT 1:)P C

=
(

P1 2.5MP a
=

Psat 6.412 MPa

=

T1 280C
=

Since, P, PSat, SUPERHEATED YAPOR

hi 2959.3K)/kgm 51 6.5559K)/kgm-k
=
=

&POINT 2: (S C) =

S12 0.9439
=

k)/kgm-k "fz289.23()/kgm
=

Vfz 1.0273
=
x103 cm/
g
P2 0.03 MPA
=

Stg2 6.8247k) /kgm

=
-
k h+ 92 2336.1
=

K)/kqm
S2 S1 6.5559k)/kqm
= =
-
k
192 7.7686k)/kgm-1
=

492 2615.3
=

K)/Kqm

Since, Sfe<Sz <Sgz, WET MIXTURE

SOLVE FOR QUALITY (X) he

&

Se S fz x(S -q2)
=
+

6.5559k)/kgm -k 0.9439k)/kgm x(6.8247k)/kym k)

=

-
k +
-

x 0.8223072076
=
0.8223-STO.
= A

n hz =
f
+
x(hfqz)

n=289.23k)/19m +
(0.323) (2336.1k)/xqm)
42 2210.221868 1)/kgm 1210.2219 k)/kgm-550.
=

B
=

& POINT 3: (P C) =

P3 P2 0.03 MPa, SATURATED

= =

LIQUID

SINCE, SATURATED LIQUID

n3 hfz 289.23k)/kgm
=
=

V3 Vfz 1.0233 x103(m3/g 0.0010223 m3/1sgm

= =
=
IDEAL CYCLE RENGINE
ANALYSIS:

A.IDEAL THERMAL EFFICIENY OF CYCLE (CCYCLE) RENGINE (CENGINE)

SOLUING FOR CYCLE

ANP
XCYCLE x OR 100
NET
eCYCLE x
=
=

W h,=
-

h2
B
-

2959.3K)/kgm-1210.2219k)/19m
I

749.0781322 k)/kgm- stO.C

W
=

749.0781 k)/kgm

IP hB-k3 EXACT Wp
=
-

an
Wp x3(PB
=
-
P3) xz(P,- P3)
= -

APPROXIMATE
Wp

m3/19 m(2.5 MPa-0.03 MPa) MPa

(PA)
=0.0010223

2.525081k)/kym -

STO. D

Wp 1.5251
=

k)/kgm

QA h1
=
-
hB h1
= -
(n3 + Wp) h - h3 Wp
=
-

D
=2959.3K)/kgm -289.23K)/kqm-2.5251k)/19m

2667.544919k)/kgm
=

QA 2667.5450k)/kgm-STO.
=

CCYCLE
=

W-Wp x 100

①A
C I
-
749.0781K)/kgm -2.5251k)/kqm 100
x

2667.5450k)/kgm
E

77.9865221%
=

XCYCLE:27.9865%

SOLUING FOR CENGINE

ENGINE 1
=

100,
x Ec h
=
-

h3

Ec

-*
100

C
-
749.0781k)/k9m 1 08
x

2959.3K)/kgm 289.23K)/kgm
-

28.05462524%
=

&ENGINE
=

28.0546%

B. STEAM OF
RATE (WCYCLE)
CYCLE RENGINE (WENGINE)

SOLVING FOR WCYCLE

WCYCLE = in 108
x

Whet

WCYCIE
3600 60t bo wp
= =

Wret =
W-WP
C D

=749.0781k)/kgm -2.5158

746.5530512K)/kgm
= -
Si0. F

Wnet 746.5531k)/kgm
=

WCYCLE =
746.5531/kqm
F

4.822162329kgm/kW-hr
=

WCYCLE 4.8222kgm/kW-Ur
=