PNEUMATIC CYLINDER AND MOTOR

SILINDER PNEUMATIK
Pneumatic cylinders (sometimes known as air
cylinders) are MECHANICAL DEVICES which use the
power of compressed gas to produce a force in a
reciprocating linear motion.
Jenis – Jenisnya meliputi :
1. Single acting silinder
2. Double acyting silinder
 SINGLE ACTING CYLINDER
SILINDER JENIS INI PANJANG STROKENYA DIBATASI
OLEH PANJANG ALAMIAH PEGAS
SILINDER DOUBLE ACTING
SILINDER DOUBLE ACTING
 HOW IT WORKS

⅛” NPTF Air Port (Retraction)

Typically,
pressure
is applied
to one port
while the Seals
other is
vented to Rod
atmosphere Piston
- so DP is
regulated Cylinder
gauge
pressure Force = Area (in2) x D Pressure (lbf/in2)
Extension Area = Cylinder CS Area
Subtract Rod CS Area for Retraction
⅛” NPTF Air Port (Extension)
 MORE WORKS
• We may specify
– Cylinder Diameter – sets Force @ a pressure
– Stroke Length
– Mounting Options
– Rod Material
– Rod Extensions
– Spring Return
– ….

Stroke

Length
TERMINOLOGI
SILINDER
 GAYA PISTON DARI SILINDER
Fth = Theoritical piston force = A × P dimana
Fth dalam satuan Kgf
A = Luasan piston, cm2
P = Tekanan udara, bar
Gaya efektif piston Feff = A × P – FR – Fs(Untuk silinder
single acting)
Feff = A × P – FR (Untuk silinder double acting) dimana :
FR = Gaya gesek (3 - 20% Fth)
Fs = Gaya pegas = kS dimana k = konstanta pegas dan S
adalah simpangan pada pegas
 A= dengan
D = diameter
piston dan
d = diameter
piston rod
A1 =
dimana
A1 = Luasan piston
saat silinder
mundur

JENIS – JENIS
SILINDER
PNEUMATIK
KONSUMSI UDARA SILINDER
 EXAMPLE OF AIR USAGE by CYLINDERS
• Volume V = Area x Stroke
• Flow rate Q = volume/time
• Example :
– 2” bore, ½” rod
– 12” stroke
– Extending and retracting 10 times per minute (N) = 10
siklus/menit
– Q = [3.14{(2in)2+(2in)2-(.5in)2}/4] [12in] [10/min]
= 730 in3/min = 0.42 cfm (ft3 /min)
• But this is compressed air!
– 0.42 cfm @ 90 psig
 SCFM

• Standard Cubic Feet per Minute

• Uncompressed air equivalent
• Volume basis, but represents a “mass balance”

• SCFM@0 psig = CFM@pressure x (14.7+PSIG)/14.7

 CYLINDER EXAMPLE

• 0.42 cfm @ 90 psig cfm/min

• SCFM = (.42)*(90+14.7)/14.7
= 3.01 scfm SCFM/min

• .42 cfm @ 90 psig is the same amount of air as

3.01 scfm (@ 0 psig)

• 104.7/14.7 = 7.1 = compression ratio

 FUNGSI AIR MOTOR
A pneumatic motor or compressed air engine is a
type of motor which does mechanical work by
expanding compressed air. Pneumatic motors
generally convert the compressed air to mechanical
work through either linear or rotary motion
Jenis – Jenisnya meliputi :
1. Piston motor
2. Silding vane motor
3. Gear motor
4. Turbine motor (high flow)
PRINSIP KERJA AIR ROTARY DRIVE
 FESTO MOTOR PNEUMATIC

ROTARY ACTUATOR
SWIVEL ROTARY ACTUATOR SWIVEL WITH
ANGLE UP TO 270O
ROTARY MOTOR
SWIVEL DRIVE
VANE MOTOR
GEAR DAN GEROTOR AIRMOTOR
TURBINE AIR MOTOR
AXIAL PISTON AIR MOTOR
RADIAL PISTON AIR MOTOR
ROTARY CYLINDER
PEMILIHAN KOMPRESOR
AIR RECEIVER SIZING
 RECEIVER (TANK) SIZING

• Considers cycling of the compressor

• Time on
• Time off
• Air usage rate
• Air compression rate
RECEIVER (TANK) SIZING

SCFM of free air

 TANK EXAMPLE
• 3.01 scfm of air used at 90 psig (cylinder example
earlier)
• Tank minimum pressure of 100 psig
• Tank maximum pressure of 140 psig
• Time “off” of 2 minutes

• V = T C Pa/(P1-P2) = 2(3.01)(14.7)/40
= 2.2 ft3 = 16.5 gallons

Perhaps choose one that is 15 gallons and cycle the

compressor slightly more often.
 TANK FILL TIME
• Fill while continuing to use air …

• Using the 7.5 scfm (2 hp) compressor …

• V = T C Pa/(P1-P2)
• 2,2 = T (7.5-3.01) (14.7)/(40)
• T = 1.2 min = 73 sec
 TANK FILL TIME
• Fill without using air …

• Use the 7.5 scfm (2 hp) compressor.

• V = T C Pa/(P1-P2)
• 2,2 = T (7.5) (14.7)/(40)
• T = 0.73 min = 44 sec
KEBUTUHAN DAYA KOMPRESOR
 CONTOH SOAL
LIHAT BUKU FLUID POWER WITH
APPLICATIONS CONTOH SOAL :
13 – 1 sampai 13 – 8
13 – 9 sampai 13 – 12
PROSES ISOBARIS (HUKUM CHARLES)
PROSES ISOTHERMAL (HUKUM BOYLE)
PROSES ISOCHORIS (HUKUM GAY LUSSAC)
HUKUM GAS UMUM
CONTOH SOAL SILINDER
LANJUTAN
LANJUTAN
KEBUTUHAN UDARA
AIR COMPRESSOR CAPACITY RATING
SIZING OF AIR RECEIVER
CONTOH SOAL AIR RECEIVER
DAYA UNTUK MENGGERAKKAN
KOMPRESOR
CONTOH SOAL DAYA KOMPRESOR