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QAUMI KUTUB KHANA

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A 19, FEROZEPUR ROAD, LAHORE

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Books by the Same Author
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2. Pick-Me-Up ^.mer
3. Pick-Me-Up Book 1 (For Class 6)
40th Edition, 1980
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40th Edition, 1980
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Twelve Lx mo ns in Basic English
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*T r *!
rfL tL,
9th Edition, 1980 r
9. Tenses Made Easy

£ 0T jj ^ JOT \
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) >« o/> )j+ uiUt J or < 0^-1 J WORDS uy ^cT iri
5th Edition, 1980
10. Translation Made Easy
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Jly-i o^r jj i •si- t^r _>r vt

4th Edition. 1980
< y u «l J jj! ^<3 iSji^\ o-jj oLÛu y^.
11. Active * Passive Voice Made Easy
3rdEdition
1 2. Direct & Indirect Narration Made Easy
2nd Edition, 1980
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13. The Verbs * Related Words Made Easy - *0* *=*,& *iWjf gsT”
14. Parts of Speech Made Easy
15. Analysis Made Easy

16. Good Handwriting Made Easy
Etc. Etc
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4 *
By the Same Author
Chapter f Subject Page j
t-weive lessons
UJJ
IN BASIC ENGLISH cr**
Introduction •-- .
—
INTRODUCTORY EXERCISE
I. The Noun
1. Kinds of Nouns ...
EXERCISE I
2. Number
EXERCISE 2 .
...
3. Gender
EXERCISE 3
1
4. ’ Case
‘
Cr*)*r* ySjijfi*
5. Common Errors in the Use of Nouns
fC*‘ (Pronunciation) kaU- .(Comprehension)
; y oijjU J sum «r i_si J £\ys] . EXERCISE 4
f
yf <S\ ST<ji ;J|' Jia- £, Jii-'iM v>* 2 The Pronoun •
kjf <*T” JL trl Kinds of Pronouns

L*-* zy^
i.-l - ux <2- «=. •& *irf <jrk
<£
£—r±- l. Personal Pronoun
~ v' J-»' êlv' J.J vT v* jy* 2 Relative Pronouns
— i C-filj K*" O /vs* — ^ U*J yi l*»
EXERCISE 5 ...
3. Reflexive Pronouns
4. Indefinite Pronouns
5. Demonstrative Pronouns
'
Manager 1
Sa/es Depot. X<t 6. Distributive Pronouns
| QUAMI KUTUB KHANA (Regd.)

||
19^ .Ferozepur Road. Lahore
|
-Chapter Subject Page * 1
Vi; Chapter Subject Page f

3. t/
I
‘
7. Interrogative Pronouns ...
& (A) Indefinite Tenses .
... ... 102 $
Common A
'•
•fj
8. Errors in the Use of F;onou«i.

i
*
.
EXERCISE 12 ... to?

EXERCISE
* The Adjective
6 f!
kv, (B) Continuous Tenses ... 109 %
r >
•
EXERCISE 13 ... in '4\

«i 1. Kinds of Adjectives
'
1 1
4*
/.»
2. Comparison of Adjectives *1
(C) Perfect Tenses
'
:iay ,,v i
EXERCISE 7 EXERCISE 14 ... 1.15 ».J

•4’
j* 3. Correct Use of Adjectives ...116
64 (D) Perfect Continuous Tenses
k ; i
4. Common Errors in the Use of Adjectives 66

i
V, EXERCISE 15 ... 119 ;•
$> ki
/ •
EXERCISE 8 ... ... 68
Active and Passive Voice .... ... 121 *
The Article . ... * .... 70

7.
•
V
:*
i
Kinds of From Active into Passive ... ia

Articles... ... ... 71 4 (.A)
\U i
2. The Use of “A" & “An” ... ... 71 **

«
EXERCISE 16 .
-
•
... 124 f#
3 The Use of “The” ... ... 73
.
¥
1
*
(B) From Passive into Active ...125 #
r
/ |
' 4. The Omission of the Article 75

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$
1
... ...
1
EXERCISE 17 ... 127
5. Common Errors in the Use of Articles ... 77 *;
t i
'*S
iERCISE 9 .... ... 79
* +
. 1
(Cj IapCrative Sentences •...
_
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.|
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129
he Verb 1 EXERCISE 18 ...
*1
7 8. Common Errors ia the Use of Verbs ... 130 ;
:
1. Kinds of Verbs ...

ft 7
2. Three Forms of the Verb ¥ •
EXERCISE 57 .... 132 f
i
... 1
•.» i
. 1
fe EXERCISE 10 ... 4> 6. The Adverb ...

a v v
1
i 3. Incomplete, Strong and Weak Verbs 1

1. Kinds of Ad verbs ... 134
4. Infinitives, Participles 2. The Comparison of Adverbs... .... 136-;..:

ancFGerunds
% 5. Moods # 1
3. Tha Position of Adverbs ... is?,
i
i
•• •• EXERCISE !l
|
4. Common Errors in the Use of Adverbs 140
I*.
.. 6. Tense*
t
... .
PARTS OF SPEECH MADE EASY
'{Chapter Subject •
Page
—— i i .f.
EXERCISE 20 ... 141 pPARTS OF SPEECH

7. The Preposition ... ,. T
.
... 143 { MADE EASY
1. The Use of Important Preposifions .. 143
l y\
EXERCISE 21 ... 146
2. Words Followed by Appropriate
Prepositions ... 147
$ 3. Common Errors in the Use of •j

/*
Prepositions ... 152
EXERCISE 22 154
...
jf
8. The Conjunction ... 156
!• Kinds of Conjunctions ... 156
fl
2. Correlative Conjunctions ... ... 160 b
t 3. Use of Some Particular Conjunct! . 163
A
Common
Af
4. Errors ip the Use of
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i
Conjunctions ...
•
... »--6
* EXERCISE 23 ... ... 168

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The Interjection ...

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|4‘io. T be Same Word Used as Different Parts of
Speech ... *71
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2 PARTS OF SPEECH MADE EASY
JS SJjf S’ v* i£) 4 »£j4 «- f 1—*• ^ o{ j*- v' a word used io place of a Noun to
A PRONOUN is
J *" “ LS —
t a~*
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1 THE NOUN
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avoid its repetition 0£>)-
— : a*i o^t 4ss. j
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God <cr^) >! fl* 4 4 A PRONOUN
A PRONOUN stands for a Noon. (OJ?)
4 life I* polios 4 fcen 4 team 4 book 4 sun 4 cow 4 man 4 a Noon's substitute ** - «J*4). wt
aJ in f
ttU V^" '*(»-¥ uy J A jf 4- 1 - (*j^J mango 4 iron
- <=_
— : «=- J4- \S Oy*

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<-4^ J" tr* ay <Sji £- « '* NOUN of- M ^ *•> **-

I'^.^'raEADJECTIVE i
TV Nona is tbs name of a person, place or tfeing. J (
-)) iJ+j js ismmxmmmmmmCIT PRONOUN
^
man £~*) <-]? jtUi {•Jf-S JW’ il,,u; *
— v&Oyi 4- jUoil jjl M

a Lit
» dirty room 4 ay
^ ay
*t ‘
fat
: l. tour ay
four dirty girls 4 g\
Tbe Noon is a naming- word. j.J”' (much ay mych sugar
J
4 -J iiU ay 4-1 -
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i ^jSLm U t ^X- £m\ p* *i c^r <SjJs+ £ £L \J*\
— • 4=_ J 1*-
ij Oj4 «s. *^*»4*j <-4jr*> tj tri cy W
if
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^ An ADJECTIVE is a word that adds sometbiog to.ihe
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2f >=*• h ** J W mraning of a Noun or a PRONOUN. u
- If ur^t ^ i J {*-* «S*oW jJ* 5J40 : |_ji' Oji 4^ 1 - SI
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noun u -T ^ N- iui’ o *
p«^rwwwr :
An ADJECTIVE is a qualifying (a^-V) word
î *ru- 2_u lt juli j l.i «- tiwnrfarwararwww/ {?

}, 4-NOUN^-rô.JuJ.j^
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THEARTICLE |
: £r* • ‘S-Ji ** *« j4 NOUN lT‘ u5-*0ê
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t. Nadeetn is a boy Father sees Nadcem going to school . 3 t, -r" 0-1 j| I
(5 %it**
L> S*«' 4=. a cow 4-~-*)
^ -V /
4 C«
<=_ -> ^
Anv
Nadeem has Nadetm s books in Nadterq's hand, ) • V

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jl- ^ <f- 4«. an «gs JJ* -
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tfiiA* ^
2. Nadeem is d boy. Father sees hm going sc school N I-
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•» 4S- ->- 4SS. the cow J>5

Me r as his books in his hand. -
u K
• >-»';•> <z_ 4 j J- i iys#”
^ ,. •
jb jcjC JT\
ADJECTIVE
*f-
jh jU jj~ Nadeena um wjL*

*3 .\‘n ;..v,(
£
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he «£*> Nadcem uy o,L*

% J Z S-f oT ^ fLJ PART OF SHEECH U
ir! u-l -
Jf Cjhr -
4pUJI *£ - him u^r-^ his w^r5

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W -'1 ir» rb ay-
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w^‘
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‘Ow .t” PRONOUN ay PRON

l*r
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n -ay ay ^
i>* >-* <*4 } |»\
ir^ r j>/ - a*
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11 ’ •• * ^ of 4 NOUNS £ a>—
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— » » the Jjl
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<s_ J4* <J *& Jt**-»* -a,-** *J cri uy ^L. £_ ADJECTIVES U
ii;d^ 4r July
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my lkxM ^
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INTRODUCTION
^ c—iwi w^>? J J-'. ^ <T~ V* fc

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— : «c-
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sj oyi
V ..•
°f£ I 5 - THE VERB ! |
^
*7-
^ ***
X.
*- y~
- (shall write
**
k will write U wrote w write <^r^)

k
$ portion of one word

I he PREPOSITION is
with regard to another.

a word which shows the
o>i S ltI uy* sSj$j&i - tru* tfjT •‘jjj” !•

— :
y*i Oyi 411- £. i J-»* L
— : <=-
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I he PREPOSITION is a word showing position. g
A VERB is a word which describes or narrates (b* jS~ ol^) >,U«) O *i

something.
\ , y? <j_
8. THE CONJUNCTION
— •
,
jjl
|
k o>^- W _____
A VERB a saying-word.
ml <_£• Parvin and Saulat <z-
^
b*- ^
is £
You are young bnt I jj' <=_ Saulat jjl Parveen U

U xiVm
HbUN tm ^
„+U
u ^WlHtWWWWWW# b^ yS' I am old jj> You are young but ce- am old
^
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6 theaoverb > (
UU }
JJ u~ ^
*J C SL. PRONOUN i.ft err- iSjij&l yi* l fS' ^J*. (ju yijf
‘jOI’ b V.U’ b Î‘ J^T,oy _4 ri.

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*
£ part of speech — : S Oy. \~l H
X- walks X slowly (jv4 She walks slowly^-*-) ^ IsS' oWi
1 he CONJUNCTION is a word which joins words or
||
jj>l <jy X ran X fast u>* They ran fast k uy fir** sentences to each other.
-4C- X uy f>t^X beautiful X very very beautiful — : yi* Oyi
iUo—.V jjf
Jr\ cz* - *b* <j>T" wo* ^>.j (T cr V o>- « he CONJUNCTION is a joining word.
— k <£- S 0*1 cZ~ ^5
An ADVERB a word which modifies (U^S"

Ij
o <i-
^ *•> * J'^^he'int^
{
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meaning of a Verb, an Adjective or another ADVERB.

the
: • • r- b £j k c* liMWMMMWMUWS
u
,
' — : X jj* n
i.u ^b. 4_ £ SL J lrî ^* -
Hurrah Hurrah ! We have won the match L
An ADVERB is a modifying (V*j X^V f>V) word.
^
, . Alnfc' The old man has died jj* <s- y*
]
XîvXl'^^XJ o JU*
b „- .1 . r_ Ha 1%* Ha ! You have failed jj< S' (*«• ^ Alas
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^
,
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ci *^ beJ
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< 7 THE PREPOSITION 1
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S “L.I--.I ij W «- j i** ^ ^W
The book S’
*
» yj V U* X X b - : Jlr J Oyi '-kj*3 Ji'
1
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S' >1X X the book .ji table ôn uy ison the table
An INTERJECTION is a word naed merely to express
|
uy the pocket ^ in"uy The pen is in my pocket ^ bX M»nie Mnldm feeling of the mind.
oy j*/ X ^ - Jl*- ^ XV <X the pen
•I *
SR 5 K3E5KSSSS
— jjL jjj
^nw
Ap INTERJECTION Is a sadden oatbart imh Read the followiag sentences and say what
;
Speech the wards used ia them are —

(fcjj of feeliag. i » <i( ;
I*.,
2} 2L £. 04 j,. ob jc/ *<_

i <,...! i\ One. He iriade us. the earth; the sky. the sun,
cfif p> sound “jljT” ^.L. J,'^ Jjj ih« moon. The stars, birds, animals, rivers, seas, hills
- *-jF u*i\r PART OF SPEECH I •ad mountains.
*
C- "i V*y i-«J £" pi* p«! | w« mi. drink, work, sleep, worship Him and die. We
our parents, revpect cur elders and serve them
.iwv
u
;
<?- r ^ u-.r noun -y. *» Wr love our brothers, our sisters, our neighbours and
1 * 1 p^'l^* il NOUN ,p~r PRONOUN
I*
-*' fli-*
f 1» il -if. L our country.
— ^
t wr good and bad deeds. We' are kind to poor
«lo
'-*** ^3^ ^ PRONOUN If NOUN U ~T" ADJECTIVE people We help them verv gladly. they are men .
- ^ *jLi
• y*» ij like uv They live m this world. They are in. need of
^ j^r ^ wt-j
^ verb
Imxi and clothes. They. sleep on the floor.
dutv fo provide then* with mce beds. _
It is our
/
.
.* l=U
ADJECTIVE b VERB ^-T ADVERB 4 # ii 1 4 r. mv sister. She prays five limes a day She
•*
bvJ\*K'ir g»J>
* leads m noble life. Alas She has lost her purse.
I
She
-
<J-
v
£ »pw adverb
5.J
weep* over her loss.
*t- Jjt “cr4j.H c?^> ^ PREPOSITION Jf
4jL* 2- jfOpW Jjl OptiJ CONJUNCTION 3L f} 2 ~
1
** JJ*
“7-
^ £ •I.
4,
J J parts of
-
Uii l#4 » i iLz'SjJo^ speech ^

r - .l ^c,i
^ article s^j>- £, p^-b je/'jn ¥ *1*1* K £L of 4^1 6^ ^?
-«£-,/* ADJECTIVE » I 1*^4
PART OF SPEECH pf INTERJECTION 6b y:/piTl ^1,44 -4^ PART OF SPEECH L- 6>^

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INTRODUCTORY EXERCISE
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vi^r- ^ >>
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pj p, t/ t £ji, +> S If *
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jps. «£_jj pppi* <Up-« ,f«
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-: PART bF SPEECH L djS~.j *T pf V i}** îr #jGL* ^ j-*t u%!C4 I
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i . .
PARTS OF SPEECH MADE EASY THE NOUN
CHAPTER ONE --»*-) o* u ,«r

2. PROPER NOUN
...-) ^(*U. t (God
' (Khalidah b Pervaiz
1. THE NOUN > b Karachi u *5 4 ‘
. b h (Holy Quran £~^) ^ (Saudi Arabia

J-*
I î} JJ*
. UCw ^ ^ 3t^ ^ ^
2 jrx‘ d>*f I**. IT

^ J
jsJ
a4> a? <£-?* Ji j
V,b ' 1 COMMON NOUN I _• ^. _ r < <-_ UU US' £jyi «- (capital letter) *-V*|
(girl b boy b ,
woman f
cr^w Oj-u^ b (lion b horse b cow
1
Karachi. 2- Eng< and

(
_^5' o>>!>-»* | ,
.
-
|
h mosque b bouse £~r^-) b Muhammad Ali Jinnah. 4. Liaqat Ali Khan.

(parrot b cock b t
^
<
Islamabad.
fb \S^~> % (radio b star b pen Ujjs? u (shop . Shah Khalid went from Murree to
The Quaid-i-Azam founded Pakistan.
’
‘ OybJl) jjl -O* <r- IJj- (>.
(/W
11
r^ x-* «sr. (^ ‘jf-3 b
,i,
,
. . ja b (Allama Iqbal Oj^' ->* ** / (^
S
Zafar Ali Khan Oj

(United States of America V»
5',t
(capital letter)
4.*
**' ^ € 3 _ COLLECTIVE NOUN
'<
m* tjjr £_ ^-j2* vo
^ «-! ^-.*)
b (own
.,
^c-)
l
Utt
S'
f'*
IT
£ O^V li5
' u
- ( arm y l
* tearR
r=^ ‘
*t-
Horses ea; gross.

WS"" £>.>— <st (small letter) tJ>* <!-;>*»•
.
„
(lib t ary
. . v >1
W dozen ^-s^) S’
b &*. ci^.l b iX>t
SL Ojjt*
L./
^ £** |
-as.
W (bazaat^
*C
The man ha j bought a red cow.
oi*.
) COMMON NOUN w4t - USL^, ^ £$
The hen
• saw a
lays eggs.
tiger in the zoo.

4
; i- i -d ^^4 x:
II U. US'
_j-~s' *i
(
vX- ^
(small letter)
£>1
i c-__
Have you got a knife in your pocket.
y v^v
THE NOUN
fttoES
He bought* dozen banana* from

Is our team returning from the library ?
the bazaar.
«* . . •
^ jT UW
— I
il Oj*-i J NOUNS vT /
y <dy £
1
» 2 j
Armies fight for the honour of their countries.

EXERCISE 1
CJ l COMMON NOUN
iO* if' {jfij
^^ (
w.
i l Nouns are given In each of the following lines.
ive
^
KS^- - jj* Make them ten. by adding five more, in each case :—
* i^'**-* iT
i <o.nmon Nouns : (a) elephant. ( b river, (c) jp
motul car. ( d ) doctor. («) radio.

4. MATERIAL NOUN It
(milk U
-a. ^
cotton
«=-
I
wood U
| l
America.
ioper Nouns:
(</) Hali.
(a) Islamabad.
(e) Nawa-i-Waqt.
( b I Mecca, [cy
fit
- iron <.£> Lf4
a~^ <r-r — J COMMON NOUN « ollective Nouns : (a) Class. (6) club, (c) bazaar. p.
crowd. <e) furniture.

?
- n cttet) —
***** j
i ,,0 /_t*4
,1
4 Material Nonas : (a) copper. (b

cotton, (c)
*
Iron is a useful roetai. i i'li her. (<f) wheat, (e) wool. *
Is not gold dearer than silver ?• 4 Attract Nonns : (a) beauty. ( b ) heat, (c) anger
We buy two kilos of milk every day (./) joy. (e) life.
^ -
Jf
Ofc*^; J ^ j~ U «AJ K l| iu< «i.y four Nonns of each kind in sentences of your gr
|
dkii t 'utleriine the Noun yon use and state its kind in p
biarket* at the end of the sentence.
->
5. ABSTRACT NOUN | { I
*\
2. NUMBER
Jl ** j-*‘ 2^** -** * cjy i
^-JU” '*' ji NOUN ^ tW <T V^'
Jij* S
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lt!
u^f* g
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b‘i- IT
JiJZ
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r* el . _ NOUN..-.
as.
5"
NOUN KS -^’ ^ ^ .1 l>\
man W
». tal.lv '(
y. wi i/?
^
uw a it 1
“-Jul/’ <*• itf y (pen 4 mosque #4
.k ( '" N'MJN tu SINGULAR
p w «obj
. «£„
Colic (s>j* <±~}) and headache arc very troublesome ^ > V.I- 1 , i
jN
T..C». ej^
U
Good health is a blessing. l*i tut a 1 .* <s tjî' jî °y ^

Union is strength . (tables b mosques l» men <£»s»-) <a~ U,
He is suffering from co/rf
(f^j)
am* __ .V?
L«i*v lDBC«r> ‘-a

1 2 FARTS OF SPEECH MADE EASY
ifc,
i « l»»y .
-?*) <jS'
UY SL y
s yjj*> •>*> y
- (days day b keys key b boys A
% X V f«* b f y fe b f jm jS\ £_ NOUN <--»• (4)
(Sji NOUNS oy - of eg s~- H L

-- e- 1
. • «£_
‘ g * »» „ -*»•, - LL-o* PLURAL ^ ^ JiV ^ ^
<¥.
- .
PLURAL
- _
Jjl ^ SINGULAR eg L-j.

i .
(« alves calf L knives A knife L wives ^ wife

er*->
r
....
> 0_>- kl*
w PLURALS £1 NOUNS >
u1 . '
^
.*»' 'V* ^s. erf uy >' £1 NOUN a-5~^ (5)
'
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PLURAL NOUNS ^ u- - V iiic. |
-O' ^ . -,-j
1
(a < o • i ‘ e < a j VOWELS JJ .j-
r ?!
PLURALS _ of JJ 1
<c_ tSjJs* tf , ,j PI. URAL IS' erf ^ «er. s uy j*-' £1 erf 1
m
<£—S
c£j| £ Jjj _ ^ jL JLj :**•
_ ^ JJ
^ aa iirr l| chiefs ^ chief L roofs ^ roof <=:
— r»- c_
i
S Ijjt jS °bj Jj* ij? Ul (jj.- Jm S. of j.
- (trees
- fij_ (*-• <-&!

4
l
«j
U* NOUN ^-T . erf Jjl Jt o ug j** SL ^ (6
V' NOUNS uy + L,*0. ug^SL^S* CONSONANT

PLURAL «- SINGULAR ^ lliango <e_ bU ^ PLURAL & igi <d_^
eg £L £_b it Vi*wrU jg
1* *^1) V (potatoes ^ poioto ;
r
j mcngoes
(, »,* «d "Af-V CoDSonants \
eX U > JU
'•J ® s eg j*-f SL NOUNS j JS I
(l JL’
•'! PLURAL £1 Of ^ uj» e#4*
NOUNS <7
door <cT*) if PLURAL SINGULAR gp limn <jy 4g ^ **».. -

S VOWELS (jjj
- (trains A train L doors r (feet A foot L men
>i Ij; I sh L ch L x Vs tjy>-T £L NOUN (2 ^1 |l , ,
1
«
V J-4 ££" ii3 4>> L NOUN (i>j (8,1
c. o» PLURAL S' trj <st Z.& es eg >-I SL erf (MoHl IMPORTANT ^*4 ) J (-! um jf PLURAL &
x
benches bench L foxes A fox L buses ,*« bus ^-s*>) ||#Al lllltf Ilf I y*-**-! Ljy ^L.Lx. ^ id ^ PLURAL
/ - (bushes «- bush tj
p (»illltM |«in « Incf >* editor-in-chief jjl step-brother s A #\/^
*** ICS âs-f .tt t^r; y uy '>*’

£L NOUN *-*»• ^ BINCiULAR ;>Ja> o NOUNS 4^ «**#
*
(3
iX. fly ^—j*) <_bb oj PLURAL i£” ty!
*l PLURAL J^li; Jjl (jy
- sheep
a ^m) VOWEL J>£"
*
^ e lj
w^kj-î
^^
i
tr| (flies
*5. <Ji* <>l «£f; 4S. V j\ ^SiJ - (ji wjlij o L JUI « »\) J $ U£* O I NOUNS (10) V
!
t)(
#, '‘l
( |# SINGULAR — ejty ^ PLU R AL v
V’l i-TJ * . 4
14
L physics lj mathematics L civics uy «£->»

Sitfvlar Plural S!ag«I*r Piws!
- (statistics
£. Ol y? cy NOUNS (11) sSj* jm baskets brides

mice 4- mouse ^-i^) tjy PLURAL ^ baths
- (children «- child k bath’ brtde- groom bride-
y
(’s) apostrophe s on* «£L Of PLURAL (12) UJ«i& rooms IfJjj groom* 'r^
dj-v-t jjl uy £*. banks Jt bridges

.).?* t*s a~ t -»-)
w4i 2L _ ||
- (7’s 7 beasts broom jjVr- brooms V4
SINGULARS £ NOUNS ^ us- Jp v>

jw* beds brother
brother-in-law
J4* brothers^.
j4
bxothers|r
— o-;— a>t*^ a%r
. ,jji
i - cjct
if PLURALS
rooms dj — i in- law
A ;4 1L^W«0 CjI ?. £ *jAij *5 lj
jj
,-ii '
beggars buffalo
(*“z
buffaloe^
I ^ /rf-‘ ryt V* *3 *f ^ £l.) J
bush uJ j'-frr .bushes >
Singular Plural * Singula?

belief* calf '**«? calves
^
bells camel d-ijf camels %
asses benches camera } *y*S cameras^/
ass
A attacks berths •jJ caps Q,
attack
actor jSf tors aunt aunts cap- w
aeroplane aero jCe*. bicycle; J,* dy sellers
||
author authors birds oL-T captains*/
boats carruge carriages^
£ age
agent axes -A- boatmen cart *; «• - v^jS” carts -,w
J
1 animal animals B.A.’s ** bodies
answer vb^- answers babies f bombs cat J* cats
ants <5-4 bones caule- -**>-• cattle
apples bags J »> bonks chief chiefs
arm arms ball **> boxes chair ^5^ #

chairs
armv £>* l>ji armies bamboo bambo r 1 -*

branches ** chtldrc
•jr
THE NOUN
u > r. A..-K
4 liiguUr Plural Singular Plural I

Plural Singular Plural ti
<TM
8 girl O/ girls $
< * A
4 churrh churches utjsk cooks k H ^|r ylit eagles glass glasses v
X city
-vrU
.,**-; citi/s
classes
copv
corner
cP* copies
corners
< Ml
. otr ears
echoes
goat
goose
A goats
geese
C
J'class < »
. i lit*
il/ \r^. .J
2 class-fellow class* country countries * •> M .iii CCR.S governor rS u gover-

^
| pi fellows cow iJS cows » * IV Ml |
i|r examples nors k
j* faces
y class-roohr
• class- crisis t)l crises I HI # •sr* grief . griefs w
ic
****** £+*-[** rooms crow crows t * 1 11 1 V ^)l lib - families group •jA groups f
class-teacher class'- crowd r»? crowds I 4 II fans gulf gulf>
jj J
\ - \jri£ teachers I Hi mi* 1 jKîr farmers gun guns .
dock clocks *1 liM i-iU -

fathers half Uai halves
$ crown crowns I
J
3 chcfc-tower elock- I HI ||it I mi law 4— fathers- hall halls f
cry cries
fi
^ towers in-law 10
~nckoos
jr* ; affSSS.
cuckoo
cup
daughter
+ttsl cups
daughter^
w
lull M 1
(
fish
fishes
:
hand
handcuff tSjfet
hands
handcuff
AcSoth-mercharu
| ^
cloth-
merchant
daughter-in-
law jr.
daughters-*
in-law £
Ity
I Mill u
14*^
- um
flies
feet
handful
handle
jV. ^
û*«J
handfulf
handles*
u (
formulae
day tP da>s formulas head -r- heads *
1
cloud clouds
deer Qjj deer +Ai headmaster head-
9 Ml forts f
cock £y* - cocks vX^sl '
desk desks 1
‘at - j-**' masters £

games
coach-man coach-
dice dice bee hens
9 j
men die dies
gardens hero j->W: heroes W
colour |W Ui
*Sj)
w
i
colours
doctor gJU^, St i> dociars K bill hills
gates
comb i*£:,r combs H** {
donkey donkeys fe
holiday Js^~ holiday^
IIIH gentle-
commander-in- commas door jj* doors
a Ml It
J ...1 Jlrt men hoof \ hoofs t

chief «4- ders-is-
chief *- ms* t;
giants
r- / hooves !*
«*. »r. a i . rV-f

Singular PiHrsl Sisgalai Singular Plural Singular Plural
hope
born
hopes
horns
library
liTe
v-JQljb librarict l|# <P 1 1 IIW — meetings
’
riesro
c5—-
A
. egrocs
Jfaij lives Mm It irt j*— mischiefs news news
V\J
bhur hours lion lions r ^._
• m#u hunt merch- newspaper >
.t— news-
A boose bosses lip lips
ants papers
M housewife
}
ho use lip-stick v££- tfJ lip-sticks
Misses 15
Jl» wives list l
Arif
fcjf j lists
M ii Arif £ j- nose.
*
*S\ loses
31 loafer #.!*? Miss
X- loafers I
nurse *ota nurses
Arifs
A bus hues loaf loaves
i°k
mill like >** mistakes oasis cjl—“i»r o uses
yib- inks lock
locks v
fin mi rv monkeys office >»» offices
J inkpot olji inkpots locker
1
HUM mornings officer

\j*r Obv* jars sFjllI J-i lockers
II 1 11 |L*
V J-*' I'fficcrs
iiiifl<|llr mosques orange oranges

^ journey >L» journeys looker-on Jlilr* lookers
14 owj jr nwls
^2
judge g«. judges
^jUg j U g$. lorry lorries
Mi Mlf • II III mos- ox > 5
oxen
key c*U; keys quitoes page pages
louse utc lice
| IMlHh mothers pain pains
| king .Lsalj kings
13
f*MM Mf r - o- - 1
mothers- pair pairs
Jkite Jr?' - kites maid <s£jJ -
/
maids
3 knee U*f mi 1 it w j ijjry** •
in-law paisa paisa
knees \ maid-servant maid:
III Ml) MlM HI j^rr mount- palace palaces
knife if/*? - knives
servants
sji lads ains paper papers
man men
OjjU. ladies Hf* mice part parts
mango j»! mangoes
Ojo't* laws mouths passenger • passen-
man-servant jh men-
gers
12 servants
leaves
Mf| >c Mesdames passer-by jf *b passers-
match «JLU* matches
• «ll nails by
Ajlesson j-.
(Jr- lessons minute du-. minutes
O letter'
letters master ob-f masters
lump & names 16
W-
’
mi (mi ?
nations pea-cock
f> pea-cocks
i
20 PARTS or SPEECH MADE EASY
THE NOUN
Plan!
|
I* valley valleys
[•tar •jk. start
village OjT villages
station stations
|
villager villagers
(Step fti steps
voice voices
[stick <£$*• sticks
vote > - *itM _ votes
student students
voter .
voters
U ->JL»
storey Jy* storeys
wall walls
'story stories
want îSj* wants
{stream streams
[Street JT streets war wars C>
table >- tables washerman u>o washer-
Itailor <Sjj* tailors men
teacher teachers watch rfjeT watches D
1
ju-r. iU«r watchman watch-,

tear >-»T tears men %
>thief jjf thieves week -si, weeks D
tooth teeth wheel -w; wheels |\
widow •*< widows
Titicket <iX‘ tickets
widower
Btomn towns
widower
^
•-***
wife «^*s/ 5
<ivA train
UjlaS'
<$jr
toys
witch JsTpU witches M
^traveller
trains
wizard .
wizards M
travellers
weir l&et wolves
ûmbrella um-
brellas
woman •S'Xf* women §/
Aimptre - umpires
year UW ye»rs tf?
zebra Leti jAj>T zebras M

PARTS OF SPEECH MADE EASY THEN NOUN
‘ litacc the Number of the following and nse them

I 3 _*C‘ hUli % £$ jjl M l»n(dW«t^
potato. 2. oxen. 3 negro. 4. passcr*bv.

affirma- 1 singular noun J> ’
iheep 6. step-mother 7. *^!f. 8. Children
S VERB y j. sj - Jw-| SUBJECT jjb ay <£-

II Mhn^Mr the following. Siting the blanks with suitable
•»l>i ’f es 1* s Jy y' £_ — *- ay<£-&>* $ t —F U*H* |l*#n nirhin brackets at the end of each sentence :
I • i
t cs id the sun in winter, (sit : sits). 2. 5/
My brother prays five times a da> • It
*
*#•<•• m ink
(write : writes). 3. An author. ..in jp?
M» m hh i * i many hours, [work works). 4. father : My ’{2
Her servant goes to the market at 9 O'clock
h mi (.nr after sunset ( return returns ). 5 Birds :
!k\
\ If iiIkm flock flocks). 6.
, together
Fools...... £2 (
*** l**~ S'

^ jj* ;
mi
I
•>
mp
1
m
i
angels .. .to tread. { rush : rushes fear fears).
•*r.
live)
>f this bird
8. Mice.
very beautiful to look at. ?2
in holes, (live lives). :
. :
W
(AFFIRMATIVE) ^^j-T PLURAL NOUN HI H. «n r f
i lu- following in sentences, changing tbe Bomber ^
Nat*-* •••«! making other changes where necessary
tir; S VERB y y- b; y, Jt^-I SUBJECT
:-
ay <L/‘
«L s *J ay
•>* *»• I
y*
l>
^ f -FORM
Mill'
I
M mv
« >")•.'•
neighbours- are very beautiful to look it

eat bones. 2. The cow gives milk. 3. The
M
1. Birds fly in the air. * ~ •" * cholera. 5. This bed-room needs repair. k>
|
Mill »•' eggs. 7 . These news are not surprising. 8
2. Children play football.
4 i
1
merchant is very happy these days
* '
;
•
-'• £*? >1? EXERCISE 3 GENDER
EXERCISE 2
I 1 fW l
t *J *L>*" a (* *
JT. j':i _M
smdase them
I. (a)
Seateactt
Give tbs florals of tbe following
: — \ •
to
» , J « , , “.iL”
lL,,< L *> ‘-j ” jj.
ay y
if *;> j*' -^" jL.
0^- at- 1
• ft*
I. tasago. 2. M L A. 3. bamboo. 4. \ proof. .
5.
*
* •
' *
’.T.,.fn >
crisis. 6. lady 7. leaf. 8. oiotoer-so-ltiW. jh i*’

:
.£L GENDER y y y
seatsaees
(i) Give the Siagaiara of the foUowtog sad
:—
me then fa
Hj#V L «».- ‘j* J - -
2. u>b ^s' j #•
'
/
uy (Jja y. i. • yli
L feet. 2. paisa. 3. storeys. 4. stories. 5. weeks.
6. gentlemen. 8. teeth.
NOUN jt L MASCULINE
1
XL
THE NOUN
U L.r noun S' MAS » LINE <J END* «
FEMININE <- MASCULINE

- (rock h tiger L horse '>
x jlj-L* <_ s L—
^“r NOUN _>r
2. FEMININE {
j
Z—
_ L-L l/ NOUN S' FEMININE GENDER
- (hen L tigress L mare L
L_-ow- jjl -V NOUN CQMMON I

jy^ S oyj* 3 V ’
^
•*-
f 3
NOUN S' COMMON GENDER

- (neighbour L friend L teacher L doctor ^-^ri
-=J ^ J ^-
1
1
££
—
JUN ^
WWWWWk v \wf *
J
4. NEUTER J
S' NEUTER GENDER ,
- (cud ^ pen house ;JS.) HU. l^T NOUN,UU
MASCULINE uy
- US Jte-l iH* FEMININE
^4° H
of us
NOUNS
^
c> J NOUNS
W
^^b
£.
^ -dÛty, FEMININE NOUNS o
FEMININE £. NOUNS tri'-jE.
u^
j* J> ^
5
o-u. Jji o>*- — jjt u« E»u.lToja»M
4-.J1 J
- u >t J 1
*.) s' GENDERS OjUo
27. 26 Cib«i^ Sm £_ of jj <^_-U h
jl J _J_J o-3 ^ 1
. . .- &. ‘-*A vJ* — ;F" 'j-X ->F" -V*

r
man
tn.i i servant
tag
master step-brother
*
mlkman 1 .
J'z-s*
master step-father
monitor: wi i
monk step-son U~:

Mr.
swan
murderer murderess t iiior seams*
nephew niece
tiger
>K uncle - O*^ -

>apa
»ea-cock washerman washer- 2 (
>oct womaij^l
hi nee widower 'widow |§{*f
am wizard /j-U' witch

EXERCISE 3
Give the feminines 0/ the following' and use them

NOUN jwwwwwwwwwww#
I. (a)
N „ IIN '
(
2 POSSESSIVE CASE >
in sentences - '
,
LN ^' rJ
, .
|
I. bull. 2. lord,. 3. ewe. 4. rain.
[b) Give tbe Masculines of the following and use- them

Koohi’s 4r--^) <=_ tu Ij-T NOUN S' POSSESSIVE CASE
in sentences :
- • Naveed”; dog is barking Roohi father is i»|
I bride. 2. milkmaid. 3. nun. 4. hind.

* (dog The dog's tail is long b Naveed
<c) Give tbe opposite Genders of the following and use filt NOUN ^ Jvr«^/<UfvîrfVi( >«riofiufW>i ,
—
I
>
them in sentences
j- Ov*-.,^ ( 3. OBJECTIVE CASE
‘
'
:
•i
i
i;
. OI
OBJECT,
'• actor. 2. bee. 3. dog. tailor.
4. Sl,r UU V s NOUN OBJECTIVE CASE
If. Rewrite the following,
<r- ST
y
changing the Gender of (sweets c£* N »>u like swee’< ^ car has bought a ear
Nouns
1. The doctor examined the eyes of the king. 2. Her
J C \SES JJ I
uncle an heir to this property. 2. The ^ prinpe ‘Was NOMINATIVE CASE C Ja v,d b ljvc id saw Nasim
ridins a horse. 4. My grandfather was tfreir landlord. h OBJECTIVE CASE
5. Did the hunter fire at the tiger ? 6. The lion killed Nasim ;_.t NOUN S’
the stag in no time.
niece bas fallen ill.”
7. “Sir/' said the maid to me, “your
Mr. Naveed met*£ny papa on the
NOMIN-. »J Nasim ^ Nasim -aw Javed ^ NOUN
platform.
8. ,,*! Javed
^ Noun S' ativ’e case
Ih >M1NAT1VE CASE - (^_ Not \ V OBJECTIVE CASE
4. CASE
CASE ^
< HIJECTIVE CASE jjt
"
<=_ ill
^ M
\ H RB NOUN S'
^ ~ cry JC • t» -uj £, PB NOUN S'
NOUN \jr\
M’< >STROPHE S ctj NOUN r_ POSSESSIVE CASE
i‘*i i veens b Sohail s father
X *• Ul -V (-j)
I ci#I* ^ uyjj-* (>' iX o“! EL. (J' - (books
NOUN J.C
^
Ij^kj
bb.
J^SUBIECT
NOUN S' NOMINATIVE CASE
WJ.
J
«uJ>
#
w
J IXj
-
t
J
I i
^,}
?
S
V'-£‘* S° School b Mother cm Mother loves us
- (Boys
jy jf uy
«C,T,
<s. jj 5
<
u1 c>>y0 X X & /' if* * *7- ^ * £r^) + *“ X NOUNS X^X
'ê ^>1 klA Uf y >;
^ 01 - fc
^l ! S' Uj«» 5 * 1 *
- (a •
air's breadth U stone s throw
— A* j£_ US U- X tJjAtU X X
• tz_, <C^.
•
^.-*) **- x nouns x-s x,x *&'“#/• '
-
y-X ^L.- X. 5" <*)
u" - (kilogram’s weight
b •\$u;’’ X NOUN APOSTROPHE S
(’•)
<lX*U X Jl-*-=-! X
5*
X X **
'
ZS*
^Xi £ w-i s-^y
X' X js$ d)U» w_ ^-X (j
^
*>J
1 X,*"
-iUi X fs) APOSTROPHE S*X X f
G X jWU a!
'
t
:!t death s door
^ ;
>Û b_X
- (for honour's sake
b a cow’s nil b Saulat's house <s_ bU !** j*
f
U|S' a«io tidjl Saulat <j>* Ojy» d)i -(» parrot’s eggs ^ jy- X U>-*L’ 0»
!
«_. -4
.‘.-. Ci •’
^ u5ol parrot jjl X X NO \

.,11;
X cow !.
d>|
^ jr[ - • cl, l
S' {’si APOSTROPHE S c^>' X NOUN *£>'<*«& .V .. vu ^v w. .»» «=_ ‘X- ‘f b >X or
tX bi ^X 1 ...* jta. £_ j-j -(the horns 01 a cow b uncie
ol 1
bi
US(J^'>I X PLURAL NOUN X JjHt.jUU o*"5^ <]
"i
*
T
"'
^ JJ* .<e- Xr of uncie j.'U
X ; ijju J( s) APOS TROPHE S

“jbb” IT NOUN y-X *«- X urf /> j~ kh
<t;
b “te^y b
J M; lather ^ X^
^ X
Ijlte
(’s)
lii
APOSTROPHE
Ul
îl^l ’
S ^ XX/" ^
APOSTROPHE
’WX’'
wi^ *£* >y
s coat^--^) jr«
•
(the coat of
U-*- jjl
my
bi
father jjl
j* S’ ( )
- (boys’ shoes b ladies’ hasr-drcsser

COMMON ERRORS IN THE USE OF NOUNS
X loy X uj>*> «LX ’J)
>_!_?„•*' j*sf Jboj 42 NOUNS X (*< <jM Xr uX ^
If (’s) APOSTROPHE S 4 *L- (
jjli tJ*.J <sftj b —XL. b jjbb oljj Jjl C_ £*»*•' % ijy '^*-1 X d)f «X b X wUaiJ yJL
X ^ £. i./
of
-*- J
r
u* ai-aS* iUi X *, Jii. vl . Xj - Jb oX.[ X
table’s leg ^sr)
tbe»Xb u^r watches’ hands b the leg of the
<i-
table t-?v
iff
jW
•
,J
»JX^ ‘t
^^ ^ u>/« v 1
d.^ **u« i*us
T jU* ^ Aite jfj - (hands ol watches
M
2 X xu. x
X'Yo
Xat^x
^ .jrjb j.r
X
^ttej^-llf (’*) APOSTROPHE
\
S y** <pb.
< <£, iX Li
«J>-h
flj*
- * ti~ X^X ^ ^ Xh ^ ^-u
y — * x
li
y- *A>Ui^.
aa ^~*te) *X X NOUNS XX .n lt
‘
^X X
-ri .j! 4_ j; I
J ab
% ^ / ^ Xba iU
x'-»
three days’ *j a month's holiday b hour’s journey
'y
J
CT' Jjl ijU Ul^f. i^te ^^LJLfr ^5Ul J>
vTy
- (a week’s illness b leave
b .tej.
*
yfj . £ yJd_
*i| •
*
*r-
<£*• *-Aj u JyX X CORRECTION |
THE NOUN 33
•4
u\\
Incorrect Correct
Incorrect Correct *21
17. He had a five rupees 17 He had a five-r ipee
lam weak in mathe- 1 am weak

matics.
in mathc-^
*
note in his hand. note in his hand.
0
matic. IS. Ihad to borrow two IS. Ihad to borrow iwo
2. Mathemat > are very Mathematics is vary hundreds rupees. handred rupees. %
easy. 'easy.
This a news to me
y
f
19. You
bread.
ate two loafs of 19. You
bread.
ate two loaves of #
3. These are news to me. is
4. He wrote many poet- He wrote mar 20 . These prooves are al! 20. These proofs
wrong.
are & ail
poems. r wrong.
ries.
have an urgent work 21 have an urgent piece
0
5. How charming those How charming tha * 21 . I . I
scenery was to do of work to do.

sceneries were ! !
«;
We had a hairs' 22 We h ;d a hairS

0
6. Your sheep* are eating Your sheep are eat;r.c» .
grass. breadth escape. breadth escape..

grass. v
7. The table’s ( eg is The

broken.
leg of the tabic* . t 23 Fhi< camera's Sense
\en co*tl>
is .23. The
earner,
lease
is
of
very co
ms $1
broken. J
He bought two dozer. 24 Her hair> are not 24. Her hmr is not
S. He bought two dozens j[
eggs, golden. den

eggs. \ '
1 N ,:
gave she beggar ten* Are they his son in- \re ;ev h;s xO u
!
*>. t gave the beggar ten I "

,
paisa. laws law

paisas.
4+
^
I
10. Ca les are grazing. Cattle are grazing i '

^*2' w^ k
J”' S
11. Kindly grant me three Kindly grant me three i XI- ROSE 4 •»
i
davs’s leave. days’ leave. ( orrect the following r

'.r
12. These deers are beauti- These deer are beauti-s 1 Do you sell bo> s Your father gave me
caps 2.
ful to look at. ful to look at. I ma.. . ^viccn 3 We went to Karachi during the sum- t
i
mer vacations 4 She bought two dozens exercise,

13 He fired at the three He fired at the three!
books
.
M> teacher's were all M A S 6. My watch's

deers. deer. l
chain m made silver y
gave iu.n twenty live. paisa . I
•,
U
14. Your spectacles. is very Your spectacles are) s. Her edits colour is greem 9 He had no clorh -to
nice. very nice. wear. 10 Please do not break her toy’s neck M
j
She obtained passing She obtained pass O.vic a:e my favourite subject. 12 She has two -.cp -
15.
marks in arabic. marks in Arabic. others.
'•
13 Your beep's arc very fat. 14. Fouiuan:*s
Her house was of Her house was ' full on

tens arc very deer i.he*e days. 15* 1 he villagers aught i
16. ful! i wo ihiefs. t*
furnitures. furniture. /
/•'
THE PRONOUN | '

.
Nominal ire Possessive Objective

2. Num- !{
| '
N Person
ber
Gender Case
wJU- Jt-l>
Case
cMU Ljlil
Case
C-J.»
y
&
1. KINDS OF PRONOUNS i
Singu- Com- 9
PRONOUN +S~ lar mon 1 My Mine Me

,„ ?? s* ji ) cy * jj <-'• J
VaSU. j*
} NOUN Ij-S’ j*. iajj «j (<r_ IfT
FIRST
:
^ Com-
IS Onj! .
<: .
. jjgjf * oL. cT-» v 5 £s *>&1 - *L_U* ^ \j^
Plural
mon We Our Ours 1
^ !
K
- <7 ,
L- S* U-yCS-i.* _ • l! ’V
Singu- Com-
s’
!
mon Thou Thy Thine Thee *
h
rt
> 1 lar
<_,, j vJV >
, PERSONAL PRONOUNS SECOND
s
f
* Singu-
xC' A*fe**yfe*
Com-
.
^ X. -r ^ - ^Ciir lar
Plural
<£
mon You Your 'fc ours You \
)
»*,
Masc- K
HR S! l%* 'S'yj&' jj’ '

5~s ^0 uline
He His His h :
^rr>
y
PERSON
:
tt*r [|
C Singular
Fem-
She Her Herv Her
b ^ >£-** *j'b- 2l Lf^>
vj^* J»-;) -i.
*
OS inine }
t
^ UU yi SECOND PERSON u*> <Sy>jfr'' jjV$

¥X
Neuter It Its
kc' '
-«*y ..*~j <cL,^ <jT 3^*^ £, H .

Its
"
j
- ^ UU ^5" THIRD PERSON u* tSjijfr^ Com- y
Plural They Their Theirs Them
& tW£. PRONOUNS £ PERSONS Oj-.-7 mon ;!
jjî'
J V
1
*
J->' ~ Pi URAL jj. â <L.y « y* SINGULAR |

MS? A-.
••.5'^"
^) COMMON
^ ('
x> i^;)
^
MASCULINE
FEMININE'!
Jjl*) £ J5^ «a*U Jt ^CJ
r*i‘ yywv¥Vvv¥wwwMW»<¥w vuxruuw §
>
w-jj J\ s.-.
\£ ^ jjl i
NEUTER jj ^
«
'
>.;j (“U* (NOMINATIVE CASE ^«) cJ-U
«T ” & '• j*lj
>-U 'yS'jzJ'-
J .£ Jjlj; “AJ>” jjl?' —— (They-st ‘He -You ‘Thou -We PRONOUN
jjl It -She ‘I)
.«. tw £. O,*-. J 'i “**t4-” — £T^ SUBJECT ;> i - uyi-j-, Ji«:-I

u I
£ POSSESSIVE KSf. • _£.NOMINATIVE CASE $ She bought

You
1.
go i a car.
«... -, 4. ••
— £ OBJECTIVE CASE jjl jl ^
2.
3. I
will
read the' Holy Quran.
to Karachi.
{ii
6 4-uli j+i*. S'

I
£ jf jj\ ^0 iSjij&t w-y |hM» hooks are yours. * • These are your books.
f li> i#i1 4 ir ii hers. <— Her car is red.
L H (OBJECTIVE CASE J*i) “iJL I •huts are theirs. {fc} Those are their shirts.
(them ‘her ‘him ‘you ‘thee ‘us ‘me) PRONOUN
r it
(it* |ill.L tl^!)
POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS JJ (Ay) .
< ua JV*M object ;> yL. £,\ J^l

* I
.
jj}l -
-t*J y. 0/>J*
1
5
Mother loves me.
Bo>s obeyed them.
‘2. Zafar saw him.
* (ijV CpJ*i ^ as. NOUN
I l Ins is his watch. {OR) This watch is his.
Its rj>i? is green. {OR) The green egg is its.
I
‘
^ S' £}# c—ji I jjl
iibi thine, thy, thou PRONOUNS jl* (Ay s
•l*WV MV< VVVVVVW¥%f¥UMUu(

1
t
» , ,
^
tj 21 -’S' r (POSSESSIVE CASE ^-j) “cJU. jUl” Oiy jjl L US4 ^ -> -»
(their ;yi its ‘her ‘his *>our ‘thv ‘our

‘my) PRONOUNS * J 2L j>\” yy r .
K <£-;- ovO ^ UBJCET .
£r *s. NOUN U-J jf\ %
|
- ^ «”v
f^[ _s — J-*
1
(i* s colour was red U My book: are new
t^T) i i r
1^ IT ^J4
^ x^
n 4^-t y*» OBJECT r'l NOUN LL |
-' * I They will help their friends b He my w
2
* ,
I 'v pen
4 ‘ 1 Jl<c:-I APOSTROPHE ,-b. _T s £. ours
PRONOUNS yT 21 t*I.f £. POSSESSIVE CAS.i » J> us wi < yL. / sX her- -J yb. £_s £_ yours
^ .
NOUN » (theirs ;jl its ‘hers ‘bis

.yi—
‘yours ‘thine ‘ours *.~.jna) our’s o*( *_ » 21 theirs ^ «« jjl
£
;.)Ui (c-£L u < jLJ
^Vft
POSSESSION J .i. it's • <i_ ^ ^ ha • l»ic-
y*} your s
/ NOU^ »j
a*
J
‘
us ^jjl
^21 i./ - «s_ l*1 * ^ their’s
"j
-( The green car

Uj
"
<£• erf.
is not hers k
<Njjl yS^-
That book
1
. *
^ is
r- iJ
mine
1
,r t ,
S'
I 2,*--! S' d\ *S £ £%S~ ^ }
jc. S' Cjyi £_ Jt i
r’C • i
|
— : *t- [ar „*? **”
V* jj?
1,
u+r
1
That cap mine.

WMSONS 21 NOMINATIVE CASE yt
is •«— ^SCj That is my cap.
This house ours. <— ->* u° U I
y- o^V’ p. •N
i)
is -. . This is our house
'UNI> UV >j •'i O^T -
tN»»* I
» ,41 • PRONOUN iT PERSON
1. 14
FIRST PERSON jjl PRONOUN
<
PERSON
PRONOUNS'
S'
tJ ^r r S' <k_^-
^
4-' 1 - £ y ~
UU yT RELATIVE PRONOUNS
^ 1
•
t-
I
'
You, he and I will go to Jf O v* ‘ cfc* (>) 1. I met Naheed. Naheed is fond of pamtin? H
V'
Murree tomorrow. - £ u«U 2. I met Naheed. She is fond of painting

&
3. I met Naheed and she is fond of painting.
^ S' b Jalij b {fit)
fond of painting
•î
fkJ PRONOUN S' FIRST PERSON 4. I met Naheed who is 4 i
*
.
«4>
£ >- (SENTENCES) Jr
2. 1
names.
and he called Salim /**— i_ Ot* Jjl
- (jvjj
-i_.’
oys* ^5"
V*^ (t )
(She J**) PRONOUN
*T (SENTENCES) 0-0^ <jy>-
^ S Naheed
- <s_ l- Jr*
i
1 -!
.5^1
3. We and you stole eggs <C--ty («-( jj' <_ v* (r)
aud >»*• - <s_. ^ «=- (and (_£*? )
*-“*•- :î
- -d^ *- RELATIVE PRONOUN «-SLl «-^whoy.y Soyj- she jj

! u
y. RELATIVE PRONOUN
l/ J^-l <=_ ^ ‘
•t
10 jf *A*if \j+z* |f
£ ji jjl ^4^. ?
C-»j a _ uy that which -whom ‘whose u* <L.*« Jl* 1 -' as.
>
NOUNS £ PERSONS
jjl SECOND lu ji
j> PRONOUN *Xl
£ PRONOUNS b
^ g
I Sjuj c-»w^ 3 ij! tSX#' ,*=-j J I r*
Jf it
M PLURAL PRONOUN S' FIRST PERSON £U 3 FIRST
J SECOND PERSON £U J THIRD jjl SECOND Sî <
RELATIVE O&k -i UfO' cry £>>• b ^
it
J THIRD FIRST j*l 5^ PLURAL PRONOUN S'

tfit (which ‘whom ‘whose ‘who
that PRONOUN it
< PLURAL PRONOUN K SECOND PERSON ZJ& y <jQ - v-2f c— -**
— gr* }
i *j *!»*r<*
^ Jy—! S' o! it
You and I will do our duty

1 .
:
Al J>! £* u*! - ^ ujr *-y
-
Jo- ^ •=—>*;
a*- y. S'
£-
oja*U 3 J^-l :4
2. You and he have done your dut
3. He and I will do our duty. whom jj who (1)
4
^ £> ti 4 * 1 ^ ‘‘•"SI
S
*
t*J
C?y
Aii-
Jj\
JW- dCT
_ 1
,.
• 1
,
4
4
PRONOUN God Who our Greater knowi everything
2. RELATIVE PRONOUNS 1 is ((jP 1*-)
4
u* fS' S’ 2. Farooq who is my nephew lives in Islamabad u
t-4’
if
PARTS OF SPEECH MADE EASY THE PRONOUN 41
he boy whom she met yesterday has died.

^ boy ji" who um cri -r ^
^
,» t
• .
4 his is the girl whom you saved from drowning.

%
iIi-m i ~ ** Vn ft
"£ <L 6 It fi- jjf * dj'ijs* jr which * '
’ **
~~~
t• ^ i !• Imv was a servant of my neighbour who won kw
J He was bitten by a snake which was very poison

'
- T |
fl| f
‘-l oiy
An^" JL'JttA u
** t>
•ms.
i,
,M ' '». r V^ 'j?” •r “W il
2. The dog which bit her was mad. (
|l him ,/y . ,« c-r-s* y~iJ w ô jj* boy ay

3 The hook which is new is not mine. - my neighbour
\S £. £. «>> c^‘ an r>
JL that (I) i«m.
J 2_L- >, tW £ JiV £ jk
•*: 4
^ | , ,, n,. oi.i
.
man who was a

(<=.
doctor had a beautiful M

1. The mao that stood there was a pickpocket. *lillr <loy [|S
2. The co* that has been bought bv* us is red. Hi, ||i« old man had a beautiful white dog who was &
h itoi lor .
3. These are the trees that will be planted tomorrow.

K h' .i
J NUMBER relative PRONOUN (4) $
‘
<r~ ^ Jlv-! ^£ <L 0>CJI yf wboif (4)
,, . l^r.cilk. S PRONOUN
—
NOUNyT
L
>» ^4-* An '»*

tcri’r 1
(j4j AH u*3 .
A £L t
tr*? ‘
win. tin v<>ur teacher ask you to stand up.
|
:
1. Thit is the woman whose husband is ill. felt# who i% my pupil always comes late.
Van wli<> me my friends are very dear to me.

2.
3.
The dog whose
The bicycle
tail is
whose colour
very short
is
is not ours.
green has no lock. |
i
|M
d uy £~s* An
S she i_.is uy <£-/•'
^S ^
“r-
S £. NOUN A A' RELATIVE PRONOUN (1)
t 0> . • i*l
£ you Z. are «jm

j jf »jli\
•
(>J Ijj
,y iJjl
1
1
* ]
oA 1 ^ J?
The boy who won a prize was ja servant of ray EXERCISE 6 j}

neighbour.
|i*MM»i ill* lullowing :
— K
i II* had a dog who was a beggar. 2. The boys cA
h , olio late will be punished. 3. I pluckid some l*\,
ft' wets who were very beautiful. 4. You who is my
* t:
neighbour by me. 5. The old man was
is respected
U- ; - iSjij&i i
r
5{ ollowed by his dog who was a doctor 6 The beggar
a ho was a pleader came for help to my uncle. 7 who 1
u RE FLEX VE PRONOUN fS
$ is your friend advise you to respect your elders. 8 The
aV.
— ‘ cr- r
I
SUBJECT jjk,
\
^
% thief which was mad was bitten by a dog. 9. Her clothes
Myv*lf wrote a
:
letter to him. (wrong).

who were new were stolen by somebody. 10. Just tell us
who you want to see. 11. Happy is the man which has
• ; b. T PRONOUN U-j> jy /l 4JU £_ ft jZj'
no cares. 12. Who was she speaking to ? 13. This is
* _y. — _^ I b w—j ^ •yf
not the chair whom I bought yesterday. 14. Who cf these I myself wroie a letter to him. ( correct ).
pens is yours ? 15. He which was all muddy was running
on the road. KONOUNS o'
[ 4 IN DEFINITE PRONOUNS {
COMPOUND uv'l c ay ^ a*** -^ ^
REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS . >1
a->e* 1
PERSONAL PRO- \ soroebedv L some <9- a-T)

Sr £. it jJ her -him my
< -u JL you
1
Jj^y UU xyf ^ NOUNS i /y Oj^» PRONOUN /j - (anyone k many b nobody U
r Cr^) selves
’
£_ them jjl our jjt seif ay — (JTVJ 2-^-<
4 ^) ^
;
‘itself ‘herself 4 selves jjl ^ self

I
2.
Some forgot my address.
Somebody must try to help her.
* ur^l - (themselves ‘‘yourselves ‘yourself jjl himself -myself
\S £ £_ jb jjj .i b$ S PRONOUN fS L
3. Nobody will come in time.
Many were injured and many
0* y y* y
4. died.
—
- 5~ ob lj ^t (;u
¥
/*; * e=_
.
5. One should obey one's elders.
<4 H r •*** many U one U some

<£L +S~ *^1
shall post these letters myself.
1. 1
•ome t* one room k some books * NOUN
2. He himself has gone to the market. *v ov PRONOUNS
i 3. She was herself driving the car. 2'*
Li
,/f-r;
^ Jbl -
+i
u; W
(many students k milk
ADJECTIVES
% 4. They will go to the police-station themseives - of (tUll
$ kJ ^ Oh* PRONOUN ^ w— '
% £. PRONOUN U NOUN ^ ( 3 « 2 JUi

|
^ j'f #^ll t
^m
> > IsT jjl ^4^ ^
EMPHATIC PRONOU. >1 ^ ^y .^bj A Sbj

* <£-b
' v Jîcj
^ X. ay* 0.>T one
lid
THE PRONOUN
£ Oi, SINGULAR ^ VERBS Jb Z-* JW *lL £^K

OjV*
. (^JL. «j>r iS*
^
•S'* 0 Z- one's £ £_ .jUl Jj, J one y-f ^ y
-: ‘ U^->i JU-i PRONOUN JjT ;j> NOUNSj
One must do his duty. (Wrong). * -
spoke to you? l^r) 4 kJ

<-z> (& w)
J “hlS d_ Li j* i»it
£ ,jy jl*. (JN4 (FP/io
:
•
^-r* • t‘ i_u j|^_i

{jjj
£ one's
_• <y £m ^ <rl ey Uu 1* J->
One must do one’s duty. 1. Who opened the door ?

2. Of whom did you speak ?
C-
1 ,s ^.xJ - cy t>‘ J PRONOUNS 3. Whose is that pen ?
*
‘t
- Mjf Cj JSj'f S O^ri £ of £* _-' - y ^-.,1 4. What did you see there ?
5. Which of these books have you read ?
PRONOUNS -i f - <S cy
DEMONS rRAtiV^PRONOUN^ whom ‘whose ‘who *r. u"l (^->')
cy oV~i RELATIVE PRONOUNS which jj'

U _^>Uc-l U *- 5~>->’ 'his. those, these, that
— ;jl c& jU jjl . «2_ JSJh Jji S' JU^-!
’
* cy* Oyj>
S cb r b JZ*. b jjv*. b
*r. »
—
- <i_ cyr iX ^~* •y>* o~^” ^ *
i-^-r Û~-’ w>*
This not mine.
!
2. COMMON ERRORS IN THE USE OF

1 . is 2. These are quite useless.
She may buy that. 4. Those were the best.
PRONOUN
f
lf ,j jUs- £. PRONOUNS
PRONOUNS wo
SlSs* *L.
»—
<_y
PRONOUNS
‘
6. DISTRIBUTIVE £
.
. .
1 \
n U» d* 3 4s3 ^ h
— \ 4cr-*
uy»
1
^y
c-b *-5Cj| jjl
*j }~ l
neither ‘either ‘each
b
— c&
uXl b
,.n^»
o >5kic.
VT
jjl
^
t5j . tSji*'
jjl
jT Ojji*
ty
kte
^2n ^ W OJjh
M
Each of these boys knows how to swim. /{I j»râj ot (jr^j -^j* 1
1.
j4< jjl - [y
2.
?.
Either of your servants is a liar
Neither of these rooms is airy.
£.j? ^ OJji* k-ji H Ol *LUL* S' Ojji*
- jf i_y^'
oLi £. PRONOUNS k_ VT /> - 2*^ ^

13 j*c Ij*.;** IT jjl 1 cyl viol ji <-»T jj Uji 4- jj*
JJ 1
i_
^ ^4>*-** «sJ u^- L. *».j £ <£—yi ^ cr!
y^ cr. neither b cither b each •*#
*|
J
cr: cr? (SINGULAR <>u) a,Jj PRONOUN ^*3** iv M2M 'Jl ‘*'k
46 PARTS OF SPEECH MADE EASY THE PRONOUN 47
wWWw
% jyr fcf
^ d,, J «r CORRECTION d_’ :
# CAf all. income Correct
Incorrect Correct 16. She killed - the s ake 16, She kill d the snake;}
f
who bit her. that (which) bit her. )&
I and hear ast friends. t. He and 1 arc fast,
friends.
17. Is he older than me ? 17. Is he older than I 2
Mine uncle is ill today. 2 My uncle is ill today.
18. He could not hear with 18. He could not hear with|{>
.
any of his cars. either of his ea s
Himself helped us in . 3. He himself helped us in,
every way. every way.

19. Who of these pens have 19 Which of these pens’j^
good nibs V as a good nib
Everybo&es arc going 4. Everybody is going to __ »/
now. the river now.
‘J
!0. You are older than her 20 . You are older than she*^
to the river
bv six months. by six months. .)/
One should not deceive 5. One should not deceive ]
his friend’s. one’s frieads. 21. Who did you meet on 21 . Whom did you see on|
the road ? the road ?
Herself was ironing 6. She herself was iron
ing her clothes. 22. It isbad for one to 12 . Itis bad for one to#,;
her clothes.
back out of his pro- back out o; one's pro-
One has to fulfil bis 7. One has to fulfil :s
one^j mise. mise.
promise. promise.
f 23. Either of your servants 23. Either of your servants
Le and I go
he to 8. Let him and me so tw i
have stolen your's has stolen sour purse. Yî
t
the Abbotabad. Abbotabad. i purse. fr
Your’s obediently. 9. Yours obedienth i
i 24. Do you know the boy 24. Do you know the boy$
Each of these books 10 . Each of these book -
»
which called you who called vou names
arc worth reading. worth reading. M names ?
Somebody has left this A II

Uneasy the head 2d.
,.
Uneasy
*
the head
h
Somebody have left 11 . j i
25. lies lies
this watch with me. watch with me. l who wears the crown. that wears he crown
ajI
Neither of these girls 12 . Neither of these girls if I
have told a lie. has told a lie.

* J* 5 A-«* A* 04* if PRONOUN wy vA iri
Has her ornament’s 13. Have her ornaments® <1
'een stolen ? been stolen ? (jr4t* 3? OjA
Who do you want to 14. Whom do you want to \
1 &— l
" £i
j3^ LSti'
’
‘ Ou «jy JDji (1)
spe k to ? speak to ?
4>* «_iWi cr^ j&'
Either of <ou are 15. Either of you is allow- J — S 4-1?-
: en. <J>1 li-* iS (ji
allowed to go home. ed to go home .
1. I did mv duly. - ur tal j* A I iL. uy

THE PRONOU N
2. We shall Saelp our friends. --îSoy'—J 3 (*i

6. Will it melt itself
3. Do you respect your k-jf' oye- £ »Jdly ,^1 ^ 7. They will themselves fall _ _ .1 jjI
mother ? ? ett (Jjf )
asleep.
4. She loved her children. . ^ JjS' jL* ^ <jy* *3
<3^ ^
5. It change s its colour. t-l -S' Jj-lJ <-&j LjI

EXERCISE 5
I. Use, in sentences the Pronouns in the following groups

6. They will save their lives. - (£) crj ^j to shpw that yon understand the difference between them r—
1. my mine. 2. our ours. 3. your yours. 4.
^ J S' “J\ ^1” _,yl — UUJI yi jJjl (2) his : him.

:
5. her : hejrs. 6V
:
_ their : theirs.
:
* <£"-*» < 1;
ft - Fill in the blanks with the words given below :
— /
1 closed t he door myself. ^ yji us-

himself
Words
;
:
herself
myself
. itself
; ourselves
: themselves
; yourself
;
one :
;
one's.
yourselves ;
(or) 1 myself closed the - 4^.

1. He was polishing his shoes 2. You are
door.
- responsible for this accident. 3. Did you post that
2. We shall
the lock,
<=>verselves break
(or) We ourselves
- £. uijJ7 ^ b’ ui ^ 1*1 letter?
not —— .
4.
test his eyes.

God helps those
6.
who
You
help
have
.
informed
5. 1 shall
the
police. 7. must obey one’s mother. Were your 8.
shell breaL-k the lock.
brothers receiving the guests ? 9. It will work by
3. You will yourself buy <jd oi>L. «« ^ -Jy»- 10* One must .never forget to do
He who digs a pit for others falls into it
duty.
•
this house, (or) You will -£ 11. .
2. She ^will tell you everything.

buy this fa ouse yourself.
1
He bius«lf Ufa- Stans late iDto English r

4. went to Urt J3±»3
Karachi, (or) He wents
S
<—j* ,h' -** (2) - ^ up (1) *
to Karackai himself. - *JJ
*£•’ >-£jl
3? ally ^1 .y (3) ? Oy~ Jy*-5
y*~ JJ'y ^1 ^ ^y*- *3
5. She will herself spear S£y 2“ v '
*4* *5 ‘~-
^4^ <*)
the truth, (or) She wilt S’

l
(6) - l;
j f 03?yy. 3^ (5)
speak the truth herself.
<-**
<1 i*i (7) ? Î*r yy
crp
^ *3*"
f*i (8) - £ uij^~ *3*" &***“
^ ^ ^ y
4> •*> '
4* .
v
4> v» ,
*V4S
•
j ^ ^ (9) -Lot/ 05 CHAPTER THREE
u? «*- OjH‘ ^ 01) ' £ Ji t>*j fi
ik
iJi- *J» (10§
~2? 2. ^ 33$ yrt *>*• p-t (12) ? Atj*. <££?

3. ve|
THE ADJECTIVE
- :
-sf
IV, Correct the fallowing :—

(«) Me am to §0 to the market. 2.. Mine friends at
very faithful! 3. Was that pea your’s ? 4. You and 1. KINDS OF ADJECTIVES
have beaten him very badly. 5. Who is knocking at th
uy 3>j» ADJECTIVE S cy ajj <J ju^-
door ? It is me. 6. Are their's books new ? The broke?
cup ii not my. S. She and I -have finished their bora
work. 9. He and I am working very hard. 10 Our’£
Pronoun k noun ^ (<-_ uu
servants are more obedient than your’s. U You and i

.L« <JU S' _xd ji wL« ^C ^*1 . -
uv -
broke his lock.
brother and you have been
12. He is not older than her.
declared
S3, t - ez~ Q* 4JL. £
successful. !4.
your sister wiser than me ? 15. You and I will wash youn
MniTM r - I 1. ADJCETIVES OF QUALITY
clothes 16. . Is she older than me by three years ? I7.y ' nuln
You are not stronger than him., IS. He and yoa war! y-T j
1
. ^-f l s' pr6nou^
in the same factory. 49. I, you and he will play to [
i hot L large L rich <jru 2_ jT
gether. 20. Did he meet your’s friends.
- (dirt;
(b) 1. The boys which came late were fined. 2. Thi
cow is ours who is black. 3. The boy is weeping who's ADJECTIVES **
bicycle is stolen. 4. Javeid is ill who is my class-fellow.'! c •
. r | 2. ADJECTIVE&OF QUANTITY J
3. You do not know that one should love hi? brother!

uysome k-jf Ûi
milk tC-^) a* “jloi,” b “jU«’
them
.
and sisters. 6. have copied. 7, He!

Neither of
(enough oy enough money L little u±* little hope L somi
went with one’s family to Quetta which consists of bis wife
and three children. 8. Did you knock at our’s tbs door ‘J
Yes, it was me, 9. I who is your elder brother ask you] DEMONSTRATIVE ADJECTIVES L
rivnc I3
to leave him. 10. He aad I have made a mistake:
11. We, you and he will go to Multan by the morginj cty <i—j5 *J L -U-(j —- b
train. 19. Let him and l go to the canal
this those ‘these 'that ‘this, — c& alxj

OjjU yjt* - (those pens b these bouses b that man b flower
ADJECTIVES ~ « 7 proper ADJECTIVES}
DEMONS* — e. 1^ ±-j jU j> 44 *T l— -» — liUJI
PROPER NOUNS
^
- ua 4-y. TRATIVE PRONOUNS
h Chinese <- China b American America ^
Pakistan
- (Pakistani <s.
ADJEC- +>
4. INTERROGATIVE ADJECTIVES I
TIVES wah COMPAR ISON OF ADJECTIVES
4
uy XL NOUN 2.
——
(little jjl muebj^- £1 QUANTITY 1
SL QUALITY
1 . Jf'A/cA pen is yours ? 2. JPAore son is he ?
£_ ADJECTIVES (rr.3ny few) jJ H NUMBER
•
3. What name have you given
- whose _•_>! which ‘what —
to this street ?
<_*> cr^ <-»;** cy ib*J +j ^ b Îx. £. (Jjb- b

DEGREES OF COMPARISON o^pt* cry (DEGREES
^*i) com parkon
iniRrTivce
ADJECTIVES -i
(WWWWWWWWWWWWW
>
{ o' !*> cy cy DEGREES *i - c- by- V ;
5 POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES 1 — »-0

T~ W
. •
POSSES- J-»l -
, '
‘our ‘my — cty PRONOUNS oL. 4^ £ SIVE CASE

DEGREE Jp
JWWWWWWWWI. VC/
J-. *;L. £. NOUNS their jjl its ‘her -his -your *thy S 1. POSITIVE DEGREE {
X^9 Pi (J>
NOUN
our b my father cry IT ADJECTIVES
;i good pen j w**: 1
tr** J-* J
- (their goods b her ornaments b school cy
O-— - *’ - toid oy an oW house b good
-u»» iniFrnvFt
ADJ 5CTIVES-jf j'
cry a fast speaker ^-e* Ml -b
<c‘n
6 NUMERAL. ADJECTIVES ! £ .jJ. t’a'- t
o ^**3“
P eak<T
•»k; 1 -w— •
J,-Sr’ - (tf- b- *- ; 2r -==• £
3 dl jj (seven cups b six rooms W five boys cyi-.?*" ju, ^t 1

*4 >> ‘sf" ct*-- 1 PREDICATE
• t;T £_ .
sixth b
jm»Ij ‘C«.j.s”
fifth boy
b “jIjui”
^ **
b
.
(s'
(seventh cup b room

Of uy £-> fast jy That speaker
V xu £1 (speaker ^*
_
>xas very last
4)
DEFINITE NUMERAL u^pI >' (eighth b eight _h o/wwwwwwiiinHfWMw /

^
cy«i j* (all
"aUbJ" -- jfl
om all cups jjl some <jy some boys ^str) Ji

jy ttU l
r r ADJECTIVES
•**
DEGREE s£r--> J
*p-
Ûu f NOUNS
-i t 2. COMPARATIVE DEGREE J
-
4f_
UU iff INDEFINITE NUMERAL ADJECTIVES b cy ^ «=•
^ p:f~L
o
Manaoes are y -~?) a- ^ 0
u'
*“'
mmms
PARTS OF SPEECH MADE EASY THE ADJECTIVE
%yy ayy $ ADJECTIVES %» v 1
©•••ijjfj — s0*+ uy\ “CC> %£? >S* 4^ DEGREES

jk %L£ ijt v* -*- Jt «j-*H
1
u*J u-*
'! - ct*
1?*
.h *Vs J**j rj 5, u*r !
v* •> 4CW
Pwliiw Superlative
jJible JfSV . abler J?l» •ob) ablest JUl* ^

*
. Jbad 'S. worse ly »s*r worst iy
^ -in-
I
beautiful more beautiful most beautiful
** *.»’**>*• °jy*L««‘ tsV “X
OA4
jigger »> biggest uc C-*
:
£ibig jt
Wk blacker blackest yy •!*»
old bolder jdo otj boldest wf>

3. superlative degree
bare o raver * jdf; »cbj bravest y*y j*Jy
(ffbsrigfct
#
Or# brighter y Cr'j brfgbsest iyy
Vfcusy busier y *-*Ar“~ busiest tyy
Vthêp fc< • - «%! cheaper y Uljj{ cheapest yy oljjj
,3 J
Clears &JL <e cleaner y «~»U* cleanest yy cib*
K lever cleverer - y *-^YU cleverest
yy j4r>« - yy
loudy y* cloudier cloudiest
Stis^sSâ^B^sSjssS^s.
y* tvt *"T
ioSd . ay. colder y •>>- coldest yy
courageous j* jnore courageous most courageous
| ,
y J aJ Wj
l
^ tyl
&
darker y -£yU darkest y -£ij£
dearer - y Ut*f* dearest « yy OI^T
J* ji j* yy j£>*
Positive Comparative Soper lative

Positive Comparative Superlative
deepest holy holier j* holiest yy

hot f/ hotter j* hottest yy {j?
difficult more difficult most difficult in inner Jjj-Ul .aljj ( innermost
inmost
cr*"-’ .
r- J*— • yt '—r (
dirtier .,1 14^ dirtiest

jolly jollier y lt>*- jolliest yy
kind JljfJt kinder kindest
earlier earliest ^ C-f*
O^.yr4 yt ^~r.
easy easier jl jl~T easiest y.y o^-'

large 'j: larcer largest d«-—
far farther / y ;.»•> farthest
Intc ys later a* c-r \
latest yy
t last kSj^
faster fastist y.y jy
fast
fatter U_j_. «jLj fattest
little less *W ‘ sr least 1 )j,v ^
fat <L->* - J>* longest vis Jij*
long J#> - *-J longer 7
j Ji.* 1*
few <£-)>> fewer ^-r fewest x^L JUii loudest

loud - l s£j\ louder
^/r ***?
lovely b^ lovelier b*y loveliest
fine finer y fines - j

-?y
fit fitter ^ Ojj>- fittest Uij>-
many more C^- most •-bj ^
foolish wi>*j<d_ more foolish most Joolish
merry jjj~* - <A^ merrier J merriest
4- 4— s *“t
1
much (jlOi-.) obj more •-bj most
fore 1 former -^1;/ foremost y.y near nearer nearest
glad O'O'- gladder y Jro±- gladdest yy J-o~-
nice •-U-C nicer nicest
good l*»l better o-t\ best ys-t-.
noble jUJli nobler J noblest
great *> greater 'jt ^ greatest 1 j* yi old ~
j
older
Ui y
i oldest Hji w—
happy o'O'- happier y d'O^' happiest y.y o'o*- j
/ j
elder ( eldest
•hard harder hardest yy . 1
[
outermost
heaviest v-— mil Ojj*i outer
heavy - heavier cSj 1** »>!* j
cSjt**
poor *-•*>= poorer y poorest yy '-yij*
more powerful most powerful
high . UyT higher y J -4 highest y •owerful jj
i9
’U» ii'i; jyj\b A c-—
'
PARTS OF SPEECH MADE EASY THE ADJECTIVE
Positive Comparative SBptrhtire

Positive Comparative Superlative
irtaous - tuonrvirtuous most virtuous
retev prettier prettiest j* (jiJ
ve&k weaker y weakest &/>&}«*'

ut
prouder j>I proudest wealthy
4
j^jUL* wealthier wcaithiset
jlrUL* 4-wh* -*
U-^ JJj *-4
quicker yJ quickest .j** w vet %? - y-^ wetter '
jW *>k} weattest
lTJ* ^ quieter ^rÛ. quietest

vhite 'XzL* whiter >> whitest ^
I?ch
lafe
-Uw 1
^ -
b O*
richer
‘
:J
j
richest
• \Ji..
vide «*UUT - !]**> wider - ^ «£hj

widest
#.aUSjr~ ^ w-w*
L* .,Ju£.
safe- v‘
.ampler \ ~j* * im e ri> 'ihu] j?'***? «***- itiorjj wilt j| - most wilful
f *iL Ute
vise -uJti* „ Ul^ wiser >* wisest
K
b4r? smaller &>4*> ^k] smallest oun? -U^jh .
younger - y jUj* youngest d)y?
*s. i"^4*. « J-S
blendfd mere splendid most splendid
v~
O tft
« j I-aJ O LmO <»„> b^ OUJ U ^
f
C£t tAs-j - S~V sweeter l&~s* ^-bj sweetest c^J5& >r. DEGREES
'
. IT o.l 0^' - caf’2-.^

. . ^ *
<^pll -Ub „ ;jj .ii taller -jji oi ^bj tallest o»

^
true
w c.
truer
C^ 5 .al.; . truest ytji
,1.,-Aitii
0; ^ J£L 2-^ *^5***>
4
^G
J*U
^ <2*.- <$}*;* ^ 'S
ig!y uglier j£iu* **kj ugliest
d^** •**
see
M J}C ^ jjl S
\P .
•
^ upper JTh uppermost
iscfu! mote useful y •$*** most useful ^ >MT1VE J ADJECTIVE us. *i •
ijiJ* DEGREE *
THE ADJECTIVE
$ COMPARATIVE ADJECTIVE ^ ^ *Xi

jf XL.
^ (man î) *jy*y . /\ .
uy A blind man
(blind
^ i-'V’^-l &)* *>$ 3 * £ XL Lx*
A
S
«J L:^ ft the ^PLURAL «- POSITIVE DEGREE H more richer yftJ - more rich jj' c- {j**- richer^ a*!
^
^re) c» 2_/" bl J*- XL NOUN /* J* ba PP' er W wiser jy b a-l - <j- *** S/
t#**
<s_ the rich L “Sj ^ the blind U* roore ba PP? ^ motc wisc F\
\fV more wiser • <j*-
- l"*"^ ^ the poor b

^ «s.
J cJj -Xl c^r!
^ morc ha PP‘ cr ll
{* & the ^ ^ POSITIVE DEGREE -T jt* tS
W
DOUBLE COMPARA- COMPARATIVE ^ oy*J»
TIVE "
/* <jr >S XJ XL NOUN -uj .T cH £=.
. jjm klc. _.—l j- _«»• l-T Ijj Uj
4* - <SV <"> 4 a* jy~ DOUBLE COMPARATIVE

ft AiS~ S 4
•
4. the 2*;^ POSITIVE DEGREE -T ÂjTj ib ^* Jr from Jbu £. COMPARATIVE DEGREE 1*U-
^
{y XL PLURAL NOUN iJO s
Jfth the poors b the blinds
>T £_ ^ ^& - uiivW-l
r
<*; A-' u-i - cy 2_b- j- bl i«»-
€ 16 '^Jf*
^J
1
m 4 <5*- 2- XL JX com pare jX" nouns s> ^

3 J^»z— I of <J— ^ <S than c)t*j >> >- A^ *^-4
- *L«a» v^j.
uu lT t
than ^ <C tr" ^ ^ Jl*cuJ <jy* ^

^5* ^*.5^ y$~ 1. She is the wiser of the two girls.
— • ^ < > U l*. L5

"
2. That pen was the better of the two.
1. He is nc/?er rAa/i his neighbours. 3. This hotel is the more costly of the two.
2. She was wiser than Farzana.
3. Are you happier than your brother.
4. Your cow is more beautiful than mine.
happier < wiser <
&yS
u 4* richer £4 ; *k ^ k “•jJ” crT yT NOUN <T-r ^
£L *^1— u^r’l 0& more beautiful jj\ J** 2 fax >T jji z_u lT compare^, j-u ^ *j
cfj Lf U:* COMPARATIVE^ POSITIVE J|ik* ^ UU Ui j5^ Uit if any other a«u ff_ than 2_J> 'r ^ «s.
1
more happier jjl

u # more wis&r < bli. more richer
d -
more^ of jjl «f- ^ ier ** er b r l£« il uj

*5'
^ iiiS* ^ yS* obi ob
THE ADJECTIVE
! Lahore is larger than any other city in the Punjab.

2 . Gold is more precious than any other racial. X tNteU *
IT (gjb&t *=•«•>> I Jf
3. The mango i$» sweeter than any other fruit itf
Pakistan. •.
”
E- ^ SUPERLATIVE DEGREE £ £- NOUN Jj-T
eL X Lahose J[_ any other jti
^ w/f
.XI , ..
I?L- IS' l3X"! CC»J t,,-t tSS <£„ X the
)yi V c»t T’ - <£_ XX S' Xt ^ \tejr* <z-j-y >3- JT COMPARE 1

; X NOUNS £.
u _l - I'L. *~j*) JSTu ; tJ ai ; j! ’>r «at ,*r^ Xi ji X ^ t.vr DOUBLE COMPARATIVE X ^fX; X
»ir X X>- y
‘*U- J <L any other «jy rj - V**
* • t
u?
- —s * a5
Ur*
.
^ t/ks jt-/
<o~ v X Xj ? '
Xjl. jT J0l £_jS !. SbebzJci is the ablest boy -io this class. v /
*' «* -'>*« jb-5'b >r « rT»- yw ^1; 2. Isiamabad '
is .the most beautiful of all ;be cuic^';

J.
m *4
-
<T- ^ ^ l
4 r^-»
0>l$* *.uL Jb jT^ji
Pakistan
3. She is the ioveliestôf all my sisters.
v4
^*^, ****** ****** ^ *$j 4. Is Saudi Arabia the richest of all the countries^
|
18 j*x #Ar.ll \
rr ^, if c««ji
in Asia ? w
| ^ richest < loveliest * most beautiful j -W
iit*u»< ablest
* •" ;
*J ^-r Jic*--! comparatively o •» l!a-* ‘J~
U-
ii
1I
>" f X T
£. COMPARATIVE DEGREE j.\
most ablest X’ -<s- l
/.^C SUPERLATIVE ^ POSITlVEgy
Xl X X*u4 most richest jjl most loyuest * si_
^
j
1. 1 ha v e bougbi a comparatively earner book fo

SUPERLATIVE X ADJECTIVE ^ Xl ,cG.j
^
•
you. (WRONG) ,-' - <c„ “V jj* tjy tjf ep*~“! X'* 5

X Xjq
2 \ have bought a comparatively easy book fo
most ablest
molt ,;jl ^v!
^
.j-gJ
able most
richest
;_d o.
loveliest
ablest
- at-
you. (CORRECT). ;j»>
j
1
*t-- «!& ^j*?. most loveliest. most rich jj! lovely|4
This wrist watch

(JU 1**} iS
is
easier <L.^- Jf easy
comparatively cheaper.
gM ^ Jli
,~!J
SI PERLA- ^ OS*i3° OjijP mrl XX most riches^
(*r-
^ t)UM !T cheaper S cheap <Jt* o'!)
'
X l -.-
^ (DOUBLE SUPERLATIVE ,>u)~TiV^|
. .
3. Journey by road
more enjoyable
is comparatively more enjoyable .
SUPERLATIVE DEGREE X^ 2
>C &i -*i
JC'4- <$ enjoyable um tr}) kiA

_x XX «Xj-ir iSjjjS "» <l, s" /Aft
THE ADJECTIVE
a*i £ £. •»* EACH I i. EACH & EVERY I

EXERCISE 6 rj
X. oly 4js. J-5 JJ <c-
1
t
”
Correct the following — l
‘ >3** y# f-A*-*
,0
' 5 ' A *5
He is older from me by two years. 2. Is ibis superior ]. I know each of these two girls.
than that? My room was more better than vour s. 4 2. £ocA of these six boys is a prize-winner.
Which is
is more
most longest river in the Pakistan ? 5. Iron
the
useful from all metals. 6. Do the rich people Uyi 22 2—
Uj
—
ja EVERY o .
Ltrf
^ 4
-
a 1 A*T
dislike the poors 7. Was he junior than you in service ? cr*- *31** f3 : 4 i
8. He was more stronger from his rival. 9. Karachi is 1. Efcry’bne of them was going to Murree.
Was that tree more I have paid him for every one
of these shirts-
larger to all cities in our country. 10. 2. ft
taller, from tins one ? 11. Who is the most oldest man in
MANY
ANY vv wwwww»" ”
this village ? 12. Is the pen more stronger from the sword ?
JVc-12} 2 “*!*“”’M . <
« MUCH ,{L>
2 MANY &
13. She was comparatively happier. 14. Are beggars the “AX**” MUCH
=»i-
most happiest men on the earth ? 15. Health is not more
better from wealth. 1. Marty boys are absent today.
2. Do not talk too mucA.
r- r-nnCD
ELDER
x:
ye«-N'>5
^ a* n f 3 -•
J ELDE R & OLDER
- “ ; —if
Jjf S OLDER cfl *l. L-U

y J^-“! «y*
— - .--a. i \jS>
- to
K I know your elder brother. w I

*v» yw <jf yy> 22 3* b *»? to
2. . She was not older than her friends.

s' J, / U* ADJECTIVE
^WWWWto^/WWWWi
i
OiV r 'pad tubs

^ c**-* XL *? £*»•* yy 2_ fAKittbK « 4 FARTHER & FURTHER
<Sj3j* <cL U>* yy»-4 ‘*-2 X c* 1
47 £-j~3 * JJ “j-t-5 «-»L j”
.
1
¥$
. . r “ay” ay XI FURTHER
(X Uj_* oU_jLr^ SjJj* XI <•)!*
Ji 2f l
- •«’ (Jh OS'-*' IS” yy» —*1 XI uf :r 1. Lahore is farther from Karachi than Multan
'2. Let us go there without any further delay.
I
PARTS OP SPEECH MADE EASY THE ADJECTIVE 67
MTTLE-Ctf
<r * ^V*
^
*r.
JUs-l
*•
| i JdF^-rt J
5*«w«wj»wjwui** j >* £2
A' j L> x adjectives
£
z.
4^ A
vt /Vr <c*r
Ji^ —
J ilj
J-**
The jM J~ Z "L IJ^J" a S

^s*.—
jU/ t* Z-ii £. tr tlfr !
LITTLE *jSt> JL f . £. y4<
— £?** ‘.is** «C "r^

:
*
6^* *- j/'r £.; CORRECTIONS^

1. He gave us little help in this matter.
2. There was only a little milk in the jug. Incorrect
3. The little milk we .bad in the jug was us She is my older sister. She is my elder sister
Z? Z ‘bl-ur’ UUJI o>~j <« ><vww^ This pan k superior This pen
to mine.
is superior
from mine
FEW — 1« i. *i-**J” $ <• FEW,
Do not Do too
|
&*£**,» £ L* - 4 ,.r drink too
water now.
many not
much water now.
drink
|
fT Hr*” THE FEW ;jl c*. Oji»- Z a FEW He is comparatively He is comparative!'
|
.
:'•
Zr* £i .r w-. ^c.’ wiser. wise.
A 1. Few boys are doing their papcis honestly, Do not bave<too much Do not have too many
friends. friends.
3 2. She threw a few coin; at the beggars. * %
Was she more older Was she older than I ?

} 3. The few boys who were making mischief have
than me ?
l gone away. ..
&
This a is sweetest This is the sweetest
mango than all. mango of all.
f 4. COMMON ERRORS IN THE 1 Is this light more Is this light brighter j^>
J USE OF ADJECTIVES I brighter than that ? than that ?
m
He is our eldest enemy. He is our oldest */
l&Z -# k 3 j* upk .(k ! » «Jt* -u».
z*?
enemy.
^ csr (Sjjj+ £Z Z adjectives Rich should belp The rich should help'ja
Vf** ^ Ji-i V 1
- US <S* i}L» ^jU Z poors.
Her tooths are more
the poor.
Her teeth are more,??
2>
;£***’* £•'**"' Z*^“ £- jjl cy <c—i

whiter from yours. whiter from your>
b>*hu jji
Jil
u j
^
^^
^ JCj*” tr^J
t**,
jS'
A )
\
He is older from me. He is older than I.
This cloth is most best This cloth is the bestjff

£T*^* £1 Of »djlL. S' Oj>>
Zf gp* £\ j4£ from all. of all. U
" ^ li*^ (_?<' «££. UjjJ* Each of these pens m Every one of thes:(Q>
out of order. pens is out of order *fl
MM
jQP i
ill. Fill in the blanks will "other”, “of”, “than”, "more”,

|
Incorrect Correct
yli •tmost” and “the” :
1. She is taller.
—
I by two inches. 2. Who is
|
ef 15 . Who was most angry. 15. Who was more angry, 1
\
|
6iser......the two ? 3. The rose is.....;best all flowers.
you or him? you or he ?
4. .older wiser. 5 .Ravi
not longer......
is ft
$ lfc. My oldest brother are 16. Mv eldest brother is any other river- 6 The .
two two, 7. Iron is ..... useful... ...all other metals.

tiger is. .....more dagerous
ill. *'
17 ' The rose is a most ] That lock was. .....heaviest all. 9. Murree is the......
17. The rose is the most (‘
1 beautiful flower. beautiful flower*

beautiful
knife was.
...all bi!>~$tations in Pakistan.
sharpest. .....all: 11. This smell is
10. Your 4
sweeter
y 18 * Each of us
camera.
have a 13. Each of us has a two
%
>k
12. Which, of those books was...... ......
(*
\
camera. interesting ? , 1}
li 19 - She gave me few help. 19. She gave me a little »V. Translate into English I
help.
V- jy- (2) - <z~ (Ji S t£j& jt* *i (3)
<5 20 - Is he a most fittest 20. Is he
the fittest man |
man for this post ? for this post ?
*— r t5^l^ <S (3) » j ^ ^
Jljj «£_j» ygi y*j>;
(4J -
«JS(1
i 21 • This leather is not 21c This leather is not
!{
/J
\»
inferior than that.
death more
inferior to that! v—
t-5* 1
If fl (6) . jt
*^llj
*=. ojÎ of ^_Jul ** (5) .
^
O^ji
|
22 ’ Is not 22. Is not death better (7) - I4J Vjf «=.
M better from dishonour? than dishonour ? 1
j
Vj|
<s. t** of (9) - £ omU ji jlJU
^ .j (8) V
I
O 23. Silver is brighter than 23. Silver ii brighter than J>« ss. *-; Oi (10) - 47 IfJJ
all metals. all other metals. |
" (*3) ? «=- caf •>4j <- 0>1>« v^- 4*4* -i LT (11) ff
S 24. Who more weaker

is 24. Who is the weaker of > '
0>t“ 21(14) ? cty <J> S 5~ 0“^ of^li.
y! from the two ? the two ? |
% 2s - The East or the West, 25. East or west, home is

yw ^ (1 5) _
^ UJ w- U> I
home is best. the best. • tT T fa
T
V
n
\v - J*- if tS<M* vl
’
Correct the following
1. Much boys arc playing football. 2. This book is u
n EXERCISE 7 more better than ‘that. 3. Was he senior than you ?
4.
We shall travel by a most fastest train, 5. to was much |
&
/*
i-
of each
Give the other two forms of the following and use any one
in. a
sentence :
fine yesterday. 6. The condition of the poors was not I?
(j,
Ssll
1. easy: 2. far. 3. bad. 4. successful. 5. glad.tl
8 6 - heavy. 7. in. 8. little.

*
fi ii. Use the following Adjectives in sentences to show ibarfl

M yon understand the difference between them :—
n l. many; much. 2. few; a few. 3. elder ; older{fl
+ a little the little. 5. latest last. 6. less least. 9
H ; ; ;
"4^ ,
*4^' y v
4 '4* 4> '4> ^ -4- 4- -4' -4'
'A' . . '
CHAPTER FOUR
« DEFINITE — J Articles ct- cS;-^'
I
I 4. THE ARTICLE I tr - INDEFINITE ARTICLES ARTICLES
jj Jt;
|Kj «h .<», UL ^S~ the ,*? jjl ARTICLE
PRONOUN ^ -> r r «,J*i
NOUN um j>/,
flj
uT “**>**” UM ju- £ NOUNS
-> adjective jjIV;” lj jjj5" £ LJi the dog Olf; - (the dog ^>i?) «-
^
—
N.-I . ART;CLc
£
w'-r j*? ijj- y ii if* yj* Si ^ ^ UT L.^ cJol W' <-î <j^5" ij^-> oyS'
'-*? JO* oyîy /
cry S* •-
^
1
;
6jij&\ jii •-O'* a. S' tr» <T
J JI
‘ '
<=^' jS <z- VS’ M y ADJECTIVE S' rjk 'c-r^” (JM <jl~ £. NOUN ARTICLES 41 ,*-»
-«c_ A ^X î-' S' PART OF
SPEECHjl .jl^ . (an egg k a doctor cy fS' £. U**
.*** ~ w ^ j‘ i PART OF SPEECH JO -I v'*vt»
JU I
o»^V <T L»-> <»% a-r J’y^ Jjf* to. a doctor
•
<•
**
^;*scj o„*U -Cl •j4 -<m an egg ^yl - <=- '-^ i
Jl>^~ «=. uy
j~ ,tj*a
Oy**~r * m* ^f. i-iJI
1* ~ ” '
f I
-
• .
t-I*J 4- t. 4 jjjT.
l/H- If jj* c,»ja

J^l JO I
S JV^-i £. ARTICLE Ji wt Jjl
| | j
“A” A -‘AN” I
— the jjt an a — ^ <>; J,-» ARTICLES \jy
*=. NOUNS -J;*~ ~ ^ NOUNS J~* jLJ S' o! ,jl NUMERAL J-ljJ (anjjl a yi) ARTICLES Oyj* *i
£ O' “Jj r»
;y (the sun U an orange U a boy yu ^>_T
^ }
t, U L
S- £
"JOi” y* ua ADJECTIVES
r” b- JS”
^ - tfi? S L *’,i«-*»£** (jRrf ^t*.*
r »-
^
^
i -* : '^.h
7
ADJECTIVE J^r NOUN I gave him a rupee. (c*« oy*- SL
A stranger came to me: (um
s»
W an ugly face o a good boy ^ U ^ I
We met a beggar.
oy-*-»
(u^j^ SL ~“
SL
y )
- (the green flag ij
She wanted a berth.
(u~ £. '^1 xr^’M JjT&r

'y .^y-y .
-4> 4-
;
• •^^V»4fr>4K- •*' -•
<» -«-- v ->' , I
+' *4P\4' -4-
4
; S
'A> "4?- ''4*' -j-
• *
•v
- » rs. •
±i v
O-y uy* Oy** £ NOUN (an owl L an apple ^s»-) ii *i J >« <s. (“
'^n a SINGULAR NOUNS 61 a A ARTICLES ct-
JCJ -
p^tuT ADJECTIVE ^ NOUN y\

2n
|*f ‘d ‘c ‘b >Jj~ J'i) CONSONANT y U*- Jl*~l ^
yt 9r3j^ ts, z k y ‘x ‘w ‘v -t *s *?'“q *p *n
<z_
‘m *•
‘k *j ‘h ‘g
iSyty ^ ^-Lr*
2 *=• vOw sT“^" ^ ADJECTIVE
L an old house ^y)
ARTICLES 6i - (an urgent letter
ur\ (f-t> - (a wolf L a house L a boy y Lj
HU JU1-! c'ij ^ •**""
ADJECTIVE
<c_ $&ji \iy.
ADJECTIVE JjS'
rj;~ - CONSONANT
^ NOUN
S'
SINGU- ij-^"
-„<U* •*>
«-“»•
Jn
4 &.
'«• -> a- r - n f L4R NOW
- (a new car k a ’
at man .ear U jij* u -r -u« -j> ‘ 5-- ; <•
£
ARTICLES 4:i- £ SINGULAR NOUNS o>
Wi. ju~i
*
V $ — dW W ^-o-
•
-?
1
2f
^
j aZ*''
''
— :
• s
*, i
yt
A pen was stolen by
i boucht a pen vesterday.
somebody. (
Wro ^
bought a pen yesterday. The pen it was stolen
ARTICLES
o^*ij 1
Qorrect )
by somebody. (
PART OF SPEECH
(^w* C)\
^ 2 . Father save me a book A book was very useful.
(Wrong)
Father have me a book I found the book very

(Correct)
useful.
<1. S)3 tjz^ jv^ ^4^ c^jl
S w— ji nuuN
wfi <^y jf\
^ c >s c£r—
-
iSjij&l
-
«ojJ
my/ r !ju$ ot4 oy** L.
' ‘
u the
- -
j » u^c*-*
f n feU)
U
ARTICLE
uu VpT DEFINITE «~J
those L these 4 that W this *

;J I A. uiii S'
— * •=- JW-! Ji
«s!
j4^£ ^Tj K ya* *^r

singular noun 4* ^ zy+x. jT'i k
J l*'**] c*^j t/*r an X .
i(
J~r*3***
,f
ut*
m VOWEL ^yS SINGULAR NOUN 1. The doctor was not at home.
•i e J*i) .j ^ 2 . They were still in the mosque.
3 . He has returned the book.
‘v*T-< V^lK/
8T1CL' .T-
J-S-
jfe-
»<*• »-
>» ^ y-T .jUl fj^

^ ( v) { 1. We did go to the north (J^).
4
^ «=. «>>•« «T f^*)
it
it
• cf'*^
*
-** ^ -JV-s** Jt^ jTa % ^ 4\ Afghanistan and Iran are to the west of Pakistan.
1. The boy has come from Azad Kashmir, ii
2.
$
2. The room was built only last month. :
£T*? ‘ Jr, as. OjjU- £)>- , -UU. < o^J jji
. < «» )
3. The radio is out of order. • 1. TAe aa/i shines in fAe sky during the dav.
~ :
£?** Jr, as.. OS-K £. OyJL, jj‘. 0JJ u.1 ^>s uT (~) $
2. The earth is round. f
3. The moon and the stars add to the beauty of the night .
1. She was reading the Holy Quran.
2.
3.
He forgot the Nawo-i-Waqat in
The Qattmi Digest
my room.
j}
$
4
^ ÂDJECTIVES JUM NOUN '''
(*
-c ) #j
U;
is in great demand. j|(
l. The rich should be very kind to the poor gad the
<£T*r * Jt as. Oy-U £ Oj^ jj\ oj} J^- f jjl 0 O (.>) blind.
1- They were swimming in the Ravi.
2. The honest and the industrious are respected every- •4 =
2. Our ship was passing through the Arabian where.

Sea. f* K i
*4j
The Alps
3. is the highest mountain in Europe. if — 1
«£*??• * T of !«;£ NOUN <_ (^>
<£T*r ‘ Jr as. JZ ftp)!
c* jj\
0)
1. The colour of bis coat was green. Q
“ V "y 2, The gold of a nib is not pure. •
4
I»wLa‘1.Se^£ Cot (“SW |t
3. The son of your friend has gone home.
!
*4:
2. The Arabian Gulf (>--j* gds.) 4. The books of his guest were lying on my
j $ famous for pearl- table.
(U& J^.). Ji
3. Hjs neighbour has returned to' the Andamans *4 |

4, THE OMISSION OF THE ARTICLE *4:
(Ulf*1 «4e). J
J *s4 4'
— : ‘ Jr r as Oj-’d <T (^) I .
?4
.
1. *Tke Muslims arc a brave oation * 4 f
i
***** J jjl g&i
2. Isrci! is popuiated by i/nr /e H -i' (iS£* r ). *4j ^1 J'jJL
3. The Bible is the- holy book of the Christians *• *4
’
(JW). ;*
4> Ths Arabs (V-r). *Ae Iranians oLU- >T ji*

j (
acd
(JUi) , /Ac 7«r*.r i*
0lbe r Muslims aie our brethren.
ttU «i> ARTICLES dW Cty i-T
!j.
|4;
—
' 'S- W* *5»
v
V
';
I*M
{J
jp|
o^’
* 1*
^‘f'j*
* !***-
- *. <*jj> a* <•_
s -
<?-
^
1^' u-j^ ^1
or v' 4_
^£v
.
T
% •)
j**
<L.>j j^.U
J*X- CaSJ
^li.*
<j> ik-.
£ or u£
^jT,.
IT *_,!>•
joluu
j,i
'I'/
u*
^ a-RTICLE
dl*****^--^^""
STf
NOUNS
•At*-
^
THE A RTICLE
-u~ J*li^ £_
— o*s- <l_L» **
ji .
^jjU £
— <A»>
liL- Li
dlijssiJZ\ (tr)
A
ff
of *S~ (j&
i_i j.»-
-
77
-: «j_ L> jT ARTICLES * <vLU- Jai ^ju.

_iJU — : A*} *'4
J l-j
~ri - <-» Ji 3 «->;•«- PHRASES
||
°>-u ^ UJ ^ JJ ' u>;>^ <jj-* ox? o*r *j 0yrp (jut)
* * £ #
1. at home. 2. in hand. 3. in bed. 4. at school.
5. to school. -5. a: day-break. by
^ ^
Aamran ana, Farzana
_
“•*
^t^'Aka night. 9. at suaset. iO on earth.
7. day.
by sea.
8. by
arc my cousins 11. 12.
0 by hand.
v\V 13. by a:r 14. on foot. 15. by water,
jj! oSL. o_u^ (
OijfZ
< ( ojr** t ojjlri ( v 16. by root. 17. oa horseback 18. in jaii. 19.
—‘
,
to prison. 1
* An *=• °> ,li 20. to market. 21 at dinner. 22. j n

^1. Shahdara not very far
jest. 23. to send word. 24. to eaten 25.
is from Lahore. fire. to
'A\ take breath. 26. battle. 27. to
2 Pakistan and China are -both id Asia. cast anchor.
28. to bring wore. ? to give ear.
i
32. to leave
: cr^ ‘
An a o>-L £ <j>Lj ( ^ )
-chool. 33. to jay siege. 54. to set out. 35. to set
Is sbe at home in English foot on. 36 o shake hands with.
and Arabic ? 37. at noon. '
18. out of dGOrs. overhead and ears

^ of a*.
£ *jf
^ ^ PLURAL NOUNS ( 4 ) by night.
44-
4!. in trou.oie.
39.
42. at fault. 43. for

in debt. 40.
moneyi
j
'
at ease,. 45: at sight. 46. on demand. 47. at 1
1 . Boys were sitting in the library, •linner 48 at interest. 49. in court. 50. by water, j!
2* dcals 10 ties ' socks, towels
<^f
and handkerchiefs.
3. Oar-teams will fly to Iran tomorrow. I 5. COMMON ERRORS IN THE USE OF l
^ Armies fight for the
* ARTICLES * S
J
^ honour of their country.
MATERIAL NOUNS Jj\ ABSTRACT NOUNS

tJ ” y? •> uy 6 Uv .U>.
^ 4^
( j )
* .m •** of •*** £ 61 -sy.^j ^ >2
<*> <12 ^ ;i> £ <L £1 ARTICLES
A •» Gold
Wc
is dearer than silver,
-
,5
cr: ^
£ 0>j<*
-> ôuv o\ ^
}T oy
jf\ <sj± isAj*
2• export rice, wool and leather. £i j^
fl Aj
A 3 .- Health is better than wealth.
Lt
or
3- Oj-âX^ J" 0< • {j$ Ojj**
4 - Shc wa5 suffering from high
fever and headache.
w^r jm
J '
^ S <22. OjjA* JJ 4^ •+•'£’
^
% 5J^*
£1
1 r - .«
78 PARTS OF SPEECH MADE EASY THE ARTICLE 79
A .
» «* ^«
1
% oWH ARTICLES 2_ v> /> 1*4 -..
£V
1
Correct
- S £J LPT J*i !
Ui*<L-jS u^y-_ f
^$
«
Incorrect
||
\$ oQ - n w ij# <5 ^-->i ^n <i-y* vi v* ?•**
j|
1
*>
1
«
•
14. The colour of her

.
shirt
„
*
/*; ^ Ot _a*j £&?*“ ^ «*S
i •*** -J J >J
**" “-* *
i)
l 14. Colour of her
was an orange.
shirt ,
was orange;
^ correction $
1
f? . ^ .oiu j^r ^ c> 1
'
AM
~
•
15 Blind mvn is no judge 15. A blind man is no #
4
1;
1 » of the colours. judge of colours.

Incorrect Correct 1 »
1 1
16. The birds ora feather 16. Birds of a feather
1. We took bath 10 We took a bath in the ™ i •
filock together* Sock together

Jheium. Jbeium. <}
We
2 . She knows Holy Qu- , She knows the Holy k 1*4
fr
4
»
17. We staved*
»
few days.
there for
/
17, stayed there for a
few days.
§4*
ran by heart. Quran by heart. » *

18.- Gulb’urg is a colony of
• 18. The Gulburg is the
3. Is this ring made of 3. Is this ring made of u i
colony of rich in the the rich in Lahore.
1
» k
the gold ? gold ?

Lahore.
4. Boys of tny class were 4. The boys of my class |fc« !9. This was news to the 19. This was news to both
playing the hocky. were playing hocky. both of us of us. -
5. Is your father at the 5. Is your fame, at 14

* *
i
i
20. The cloth is sold by a 2°. Cloth is sold by the
.
home now ? home now ? ! . 1

meter. meter.
1
6. The life is not empty 6 . Life is not an empty ' 21. He is cleverest boy in 21. He is the cleverest boy
»
dream. dream. the class. in the class.

4;
7. They went for Hajj They wciu for the .
Y)
(i>e The virtue is its own 22. Virtue is. its own re-
r*
by the sea. Hajj by sea. i reward.' ward.
*
8. Himalayas are highest 8 . The Himalayas arc: the I 4

t
4
23. What fool he was !
23. What a fool he was 1
mountains in a world- highest mountains itf
3
»-<
24. I met him day before 24. I met him the day be-
the world. V> 4 4
the yesterday. fore yesterday.

1
of 9. The lion is the king of

9. Lion is a king ^ 25. He was a roan of word.
the forest.
«;
*4
25. He was man of a
forest,
word.
10 . She was M.A. in the 10 . She was an M.A. in $ <;
Urdu. Urdu. v*
11. I have a ear-ache. 11. I had an ear-acbe. 'j*>
The of her
health
-
- EXERCISE 9
12 . Health of her mother 12 .
was not good. mother was hot good, (a) Fill in the blanks with “a” “an” or “the” :—
13 . The children were not Children were not go I. He is. friend of mine. 2 sun sets in
going to the school. ing to school.
I w rst. 3. ... ..old man gave her apple. 4. He was P"
•/
so PARTS OF SPEECH MADE EASY
-
water.'* 5 .~ T.....cdlour 01... ..sky is blue.
6 horse and... ...ass were standing in 10 Old man was sleeping :r grass under shade of tree.
field. 7.
Turk# are II. She wanted to buy pe*_ 2 nd inkoot. 12. There was
mighty people. 8 apple day keeps....
egg in nest. 13. Tsnr.cr has come from Fast Indies.
doctor away. 9. Mangoes are sold by •
kilometer.
Milk of for children. 15. Umbrell : is
10. ......young man is a clerk in. .....American firm. H.
English of no use in heavy >* ns,
is.... ..language of people of England. 12 . ......{
%
Andamans arc... ...group of islands in Bay of Bengal. III. Correct th* following
13. "Nasira is. .....clever of :..’.fwo. 14. He was •
1. indeed is friend indeed. 2. Sun sets in

honour to his profession. 15 word to .wise is
west. 3, Jhelum flows from the Kashmir into Punjab.
enough.
4. She was M
A. from the Karachi. 5. Cow gives milk.
(b) 1 Indus falls, into. .....Arabia Sea. 2. They A day follows a night. 6. The man is mortal. 7. Honesty
marched toward cloud has the silver
A darkest
and and —
.cricket.
east.
4..„...bands of
3, This" is srorv
.watch are smaller
cl ..ant is
lining.
a
9.
best policy. 3
A boy after a boy came out of a class-room.
than those of! clock. 5. Is ...... -life of... pilot very 10. The wisdom is the gift of God. 11. Pakistan is a
interesting ?
1.
6. Iron is useful metal. 7. Persian Islamic rerulic 12. My ro*m
an upper storey of a is in
is... ..Icasy language. 8. ......Chinese are as hard-working house. 13 You follow a old English custom. M. She
as. ....Japanese are. 9. He Was not a fool to say that to likes honest servant. 15. Get the kilometer of the
.strangey. JO. Chenab" is not longer than...... potatoes from a nearest shop. 16. May I have a pleasure
Indus or Jhelum. IS. ......Salt Range is taeasurs for of your company ? A dog is the faithful animal. IS. We
......Punjab. 12. Dera Baba Nanak is sacred town for \hook the hands with the otir friends. 19. The man is
Sikhs. woman. Where there is the

13. Was thafwatcb better of two? generally taller than a 20
14. Panama Canal joins... ...Pacific Ocean with....:. will there is the way.
Atlantic Ocean. 15. Cairo is .....capital of.... ..United
Arabic Republic. » *
/
By the Some Author
*
^ {
II Insert Articles where necessary
J
Good Handwriting Made Easy |
Stars are shining in sky. 2. Do you read Pak-
istan Times ? 3. Life of beggar is free from cares
worries. 4. Geography is interesting subject. 5. Inau .
is longest river in . Pakistan. 6. I set watch by dock

tower. 7... How high Minar-i-Pakistan is ! 8. Play lair QAUMI KUTUB KHaNA I
game. 9. They set out on long journey late in afternoon. 19, Ferozepur Road, Lahore
:
|
» <* •»»-<»» •»«*>«(«
~Z~ *%~~L~ ~X~*
THE VERB
CHAPTER FIVE'"™*
X VERB *T <- W*'*i»T
rrggri o-is ~ 0 -3 J VERB X; 1* cri - l -X ^ 0* Vs *
£jj j a, L H t*~^ - ^
^
-
^<£?
’f Lj
rW
^
&
VERI»
^ ^ ^w
'
*>.
L”'
*. yl |
L-iith T *
‘r-
1
*-
|
22 #.uli jjl iSjlj&l <
Sô“
_°F SPEECH yjljyT «*-.£ VERB -V! -(cate »•. 57 VERB <j« jA as r* •/’ -
kii „ _,; .
CJJ j-J^X *-!• ^-Jrt ^H j-^'i <S)V.
t. *,7
Ett.(^4r
•',*•£• ^7 * «•=
Wjl^r,.
'•> S -* £ «-! -«*C K- « J, oJlj Cjii «J >i' *- -'I VERB tjv. <£_/j J—
y*
- *s- lj
>t
2. Ron. <<Ljjj; U jjjjy ji-' w'-e ;-5* 'Q
2. Sing. (^T L jr). !
tr^-s j\Cti-Jj'
4. Sit. (Û b jU.
or > >- KINDS OF VERBS
4 ** -Pi <JîJ ->> *;« J^'/l JJ' !..
‘ J-tsi VER
1 • Come m. * ,â.:yr.-> € -»— » t-5c-l _.j - tr*-i _)* VERB i**
r j*vii l ju. ? î,
2 Go away. tK 4 J *
^
1
- <S_
- ’i
? Sleep ere. - l
r >- cr| b JU (Jlft
VERB W-? «!
^
Wt work ti> 4
4
- (t« Ji/ r ^
f (*t
b yy xx r n) THE INTRANSITIVE VERBS
r J-^b-X SUBJECT
•*« VERB *»
* t* <• jV
*'
It
-
p? V- Jjr /, r > J jj! ‘y)V J*»” <s.r y yi l^- bl J-5C.
-: ^-s*. « b'U INTRANSITIVE VERB uy

He runs. 2. She laughed. $
' "'p^^. 11.
-(ûwr^SZ)
1.
3. The rain will fall. 3. I live in lAw room
,
3
» * -
^“Oghbour
.
. . .
. .
- uj- oj> J«* .;u .j)
X She laushed r
fJ-Vb. £. He runs u« Ojj« 6i
died yesterday. Jlwi
2 I jjl %y A^b. X The rain X will fall < ^ J-* •fr
I
^'ij!/
,
X
4. Unlm* very
evening yesterday
b«,i ly i„ tbe
^ Jjyj 7
‘
, .
INTRANSITIVE u4 runs^ <A
* live jil
j
(_j4t
-
will fall
bJ Ej ._,«
laughed
J~C.<-£t
< VERB^
live]
- (OM
a#’
j- 4<b.
VERB
X SUBJECT 1
^ JT^m^RANSITIVE VERBsl
I 2 THREE FORMS OF THE VERB
FORMS Cy Oy S VERB ^
^ err^) (jr? JJ ;3i ^ vJj w*v Jih
1
->-r ^K'+S OBJECT Jmj “JjJu” 2)
TRANSITIVE VERB jj' Oj*-: — wT-r! - J*-r ^ ^4^ >*A) Ji
U ^40 V 1
-£*•
^ *i *0 —
The cow J~ ijr- jr- w^r’ - </**- *? <-*V J>
grass
We bought oranges.
They w ill catch the thief.
- ^ grass eats w %oi; ii o 1

Past Participle &
-ef <_ will caich jji *L ^l> ora ng
f
J
u! Jjl
t'" ! - <?- l
= r
^ U*
TRANSITIVE VERB^rcCl^
I t:,l ,5" *. 4,‘U
cs
,•
J 1. abide
^ '
oran 2 es JJ g^ss 1
^«) tUJl
arise pi arose arisen
were been
- £ oyîr object
Jt
£. 0! awake awoke awoken
°r u*t ^-=! TRANSITIVE VERB a* awaken
' ^ OBJECTS Ji uir bear <i4h^ ( bore borne
bJ
bear
beat
^ ) bore born
I gave him a book. . beat beaten
Who will teach us English ? become became become
a book jjl beein began begun
OBJECT u * him
h ;jl
^ OBJECT us v ^ .« .
- 1^4^ bent bent
UKj bet
TRANS bind bAjî bound bound

I •J VERBS my ^1 ^
•
(\
4
0
1 o* INTRANSITIVE
' flying a kite.

jjI
^ ^
(TRANSITIVE VERB)
^ ^'tive
bite
bleed
Uflf^ bit
bled
bitten
bled
[
2 . blow UUlTI^ blew blown
fly id the air. (INTRANSITIVE VERB)
break Uj>J broke broken
'pped the car.
(TRANSITIVE VERB)
r has slopped.
< INTRANSITIVE
VERB)
ASSESS;
Present Past Participle Past Past Participle

3 Present
bV brought brought J fight us fought fought
find found found

'
- built built 1
burnt burnt
Kjf
burst fling flung flung
burst
b-*i>. bought fly uijr.ujr flew flown
bought
|
KjX tUÎ
'
forbid forbade forbidden
care _ is^X Ijjj cared cared 4 ^
catch - bj£,
forget ^lU forgot forgotten
caught caught
forgive U jT uil«-4 forgave forgiven
choose VjS' - LJ & chose chosen |
forsake UO \Sj* forsook forsaken

cling » clung clung
freeze L â« JUx*^ froze frozen
clothe VjX j-j-L clothed clothed
« •
get HjX got got

come Ul came come
gird { girded i
girded
cost COSt cost I girt {
girt
creep crept crept hang ; hanged v
hanged
cut UjX
KyT j4jj IT -
p . kZ’X cut cut hang lil£J - LiSiJ i hung f hung
deal kjS" dealt dealt has UsiX'i) j had bad
dig dug dug hate i* JX o,iJ hated bated
do did done have cs ^*X .j
had bad
draw drew drawn hear beard heard
dream «->•.>*• dreamt dreamt U3liiK' hewed hewed
drink
drive - U%m.
b-t drank
drove
drunk
U^C?
U W
„ l*\L
hid
hit
bidden
hit
driven
eat bl^T ate bj£t held held
eaten 4 .
fall hoped hoped

fell fallen
feed fed
\i jT jt& hunted hunted
fed
feel b jX crj~< felt
linult !»^r (Jalju) insulted insulted
felt
loin . UL joined joined
-4-'
J[ ,
/qy-', 4vV'-.£-V^v . • , si&sm:
THE VERB
Past Participle;,
meant meant
meet met met
*'
melted \ melted
1 molten ff
mew jjL-. oiW- mewed mewn &

a
murder . U S'Sî murdered murdered '{,
name ^ C4 - j ^
i» named named
narrate U^S" JL» narrated narrated
offer (’•*) offered offered

Jr~
open U3_»4S' opened opened

order liji »£». ordered ordered I
pass Uj^T - U>, wL.5" passed passed
pay U jf bl paid paid
1
•x
j
peal
peel IL^)
kS'jf - k**? i pealed
•
pealed R
54
Sx
praise U jS' praised praised
pray \1 jS' Ui prayed prayed

¥
»/
prove UJf c-ili proved ,
proved
pull pulled pulled
* 1\
push pushed pushed
%
quarrel quarrelled quarreilec '£
read read read ??
.
f /
reap _ UJiT ( reaped reaped

rent H \/) rented rented
~-I~
~-+~
~-i.~
»
'4*
»r W S-'W"* •>*' — —.>*
'4^ .
•>
'4>N
* «
&
t
/I
'
$§M§P'^/§I- ^îM VAÂ4AX Y '
*
-K
ffl-
4 v
. S! Participle
<J ——Pteaest
—
. i
Past _ j
Past Partieip ie I^j
Present
ridden
rung UUV slept
sl|pt
Mneit
• U4&4- smelt
a ~- smiled
'••i rose risen
U1,C_ smiled
-
spoken
!
‘M' ruined ruined tdji spoke
sped
ran Ui» tfA*. sped
spelt
* sawed sawn * -<**1 spelt
spent
kf* said said S' tji.Mjf'J-* spent
spilt
saw seen U,f spilt
**j*~ spat
u5’^! sought sought US'*,*1 spat
split 5
**>! seemed seemed U£ll» - Ujl** split
: spoiled
spoiled
spoilt
"j* sold |
spread
^«t4i sent spread UL-4^ _ U3k;$4 spread
sent
sprung
set spring Ul4»f 'sprang
stood
J%- swed sewn stand stood
j%, U*, stolen
shook shoken steal U!j> stole
J l*t cmUa stung
shaved shaved sting U<Uk£ii stung
shaven strewn
strew U j+yj sireved
shine kk**- shone shone ( struck
strike U.r Jt*4 - UiU struck
shoot iJjf ( stricken
shot shot
show h showed striven
shown strive •~jr c+t* strove
shrink shrank sworn
shrunk swore
swear
shrunken sweat
-
sweat lit sweat

shut
^ j;4?
„liU r iw
swept
swelled
i
swept
swelled
/ swollen
«-* *^r-sr -r- ~ ~;* 3- "iXT 7 >a^ *4?

'
4^- s*f£. 5
* *
. *
J* -'4*>
••
*' '*>« •** > ,
*JTS! . I
PARTS OF SP1ECH MADE EASY
Ul* Present
swim
,ake
reach
,ear
,eI1
*C- .
^
u *t
^
Past
'took
tore
wam
taught
Past
swum
taken
taught
torn
Par tidi
(>
(b) Give the Present Tense of
ih«m in sentences
I.
paid.
forbade.
7. sped.
2. bit.
S.
3.
tore.
knelt.-
9.
the
cook.
4
following and use
lav.
10-
5.
wrung.
met.
think
^Bbj told
lhougkt
to.)d
thought
II
lorm of each, in a sentence

Give the three forms of the following and use any
*hrow
undergo
understand
. U^T
^
LCu*
,
fe
underwent
understood
thrown
under-
gone
f>
1.
pass.
weave.
7.
J,
ride.
fcgeze.
8. shut.
3. hold.
.9.
'
4.
sorin
lead.
10-
5 mean.
throw.
wake
understooi INCOMPLETE. STRONG & WEAK VERBS
Wear
UBV.lTu woke
wore
waked C 3.
viwwwvwvrvrvpa//
|
w«ve
s
worn
W ove IKANSITIVE VERBS *S~ \ l- INCOMPLETE £
Woven VERBS
WeeP
US J„U
^ wept
wept
• BJECT «j * t# \j& £ 5
win
Wfnd
.
JU
won won J <-?» 4J*A 2L £-) *JL. S Om'j-' OBJECT S
withdraw -
'•**
bj
^ w
wound
th <, rew
wound I hey chose .him their ^C_ S u^r J-SL. S eyt**
ki * bu
( j
with- ( made uy. We made him our leader U chose <->- president
withhold UgTj^jj
/
withheld
drawn *’ ^ <-S u* INTRANSITIVE VERBS ^-1
withheld
work
Wring
LU . US
S worked
worked
. ^~S<J$' ^•£-*S
Jli*
£- S SUBJECT
wrung , a. _ (stems ci* He seems mad W /sut*she is ill ^-—i)
Write
wrong
wrote
t HiJECT TRANSITIVE VERB chose
written
EXERCISE
A- IT,
& £L president — i—jl? £L him t
10 IKANSITIVE £-
,j4} made Jl— &j-3* -
T*~ * ^—
c>
«*• fall— 1^ «, OBJECT VERB
ZLgS.'t*'* ,-il.er
^{» (jrr !
». arise. 2. burn. 3. hang. 4 joke

£ our leader <£.
! 5 lie r ) is .
(jy Ji--«
ja - !>- uv (3*^-*
«•!- ^Tsheî SUBJECT ^<1 («£. INTRANSITIVE VERB

•- ) seems *» jjl S'
^ 1 £1 ill —S
«•'- He SUBJECT INTRANSITIVE VERB
»S
PARTS OF SPEECH MADE EASY THE VERB
-<f- jf'fjr** £- L. ••<*de Xt

INCOMPLETE VERBS VERBS X^ \r\ ^ i
S f>r*- c^r! tz- ^
^;JV tUIi f lr* ,j dU V-5

'
COMPLEMENT uyt
£. (•—» y-i - U* Ot* *“*.>.>*• < 4-0 CC- OJji
y* *u)l £1 Jii - cs/ INCOMPLETE VERBS .ease s-t <lown (WRONG ft

I want you
down please (CORRECT ||
I want you to sit
are were and looks to sit down. (CORRECT)/
j/n ; i$ : : h’aj ; I waif? ydh please
- iw
mst
L eJ b ,
^ vE B s *
?
r Ol
J us-* j**' <£L
n. vTr”
He asked me to kindly help him
He. asked me kindly to help him
(WRONG)/
(CORRECT)^
(CORRECT)*#
He asked me to help him kindly
b work b hate *-**) ^ 2J%tf WEAK VERBS *
^ Kl
£L - (bur
b built ^ build u$ Jji l^T ^ jLbjuI j I 24 IT Ji 1 Mf^
s
C~J ,>
| $
- (paid ^ pa
r 4* PAST f * verbs jir. s INFINITIVE ^ TO ^ ~

r |r^sss«a
:
ben : id , bid ; dare: PRINCIPAL VERBS U* cP -

»,,' deuer, bad rather let make need ; see : watch)^
VOWELS JjjJU-t £ PRESENT TENSE X of jjA* £ îU !p
.
; :
4
;
U b»» b- J -5 *— il
âd) <e_ h*^ JiV J -C~ **i”" us- (ujJ 1
a, e, i, o, .J+
*
4 ^ "* *
-
son keep (i.e. to keep) quiet.

STRONG ost*^ told tell L fed feed L wrote wrii
see the patient sleep (/.e- to ^!eep) very
earefuli
- US’ 1*^" VERB 2. Did you
You had better go (/.e, to go) home.
4. INFINITIVE. PARTICIPLE & GERUND 4. Let her work (i.£ to work) very hard these days.
need noi send l>.e. so send) Vum a telegram. ^
To ^
b>
FORM Jr J VERB T ^ ftfRfWWWWIa
»
1 INFINITIVE
5 !
G ing ole* „*»•’ £ VERB

nHrwriurwarwwwi
participle
id
# INFINITIVE <-
(TIME k_L; f jjl (to eat
K»
.(
.
-
^ PRESENT PARTICIPLE ___
w - - WwMMMA
)2.
,jLe
TE NSES (f, u^ji J>~ Jt vt «4 j.»l
-C*, jy jU" J^' ^ PERSON jjl (NUMBER
THE VERB
VERB w- <Sii^ - j U ’ % Oh* £. °^- w*-

<r
^
V ER ®
_i.UJ L. S' MOOD - ~-T MOODS ;U ^
adjective ui
r
rir • J
-:*e M-
eft* a dancing girl W barking eft* dog 4£-*ft) <f. **U
a barking ^
r
PAST «>i) FORM iSj-* S VERBS £> ^{-(dancing J>r VERB
LB eft* MOOD J*! f ,
MOOD {
INDICATIVE \
UU V /*•*•* «*«********"*
*
ADJICT1VE y*' (PARTICIPLE s" *»> £* oWi"’ «-*h
49 4
U ^ y- ‘t"
broken ^broken chair W stolen eft* st®I* B book *c-
. * .. *.-, '
,
. (spoilt eft* spoil't child b

1. Children are. g<M>? home
2. She ivilhiortell a lie
jsC' Did they sin!; the national a nth sat

125 j
t 3
4. What is in your hind ?
Vlj
^ ^ VERB u ~5 PARTICIPLE
.r VERB MOOD jr\ •
IMPERATIVE MOOD ^
«- SUBJECT r ^ ^ ^1 Uj, ADJECTIVE
**^-1
.ft*
J 2
/««*«*<«% s-s
*/
Vi
— :
•
*f.
u >? v>-i *
U
u *e v*--
v.' <_ ^r* L “U:.T'
-
1. Being careless in runnins, his leg was broken.
(WRONG j 1. Leave, this room
Being careless in walking he broke his leg. 2. Give me >our pen. please.
(CORRECT) 3. Help them for God's sake.
2. Being very cold, they remained in their beds. 4. Do not waste yt ur time.
(WRONG) 5. Keep your word.
It being verv cold, they remained in their beds.
(CORRECT)
& -S-*
VERB eft* MOOD tri | 3 inumtiVE MOOD J
r" i . t r- \
“' udd
VkRB <r vww»rwwtrfw Uy, JUM £ fb
< u ‘r
"\ f GERUND 2n -a. FORM S VERB MOOD cH - «-
*=J
r ,
NOUN ^-f
3- } ^ U-I To
PERSON
Ji; eft*
NUMBER V TIME *j jj*

i c_ ts. W
Riding is good for the back DU GERUND
(singing eft* She is fond of singing jjl riding jft* They wanted to swim in the river.
To err in human.
I
$. MOOD t .Did she like to say anything ?
lwWV¥¥¥¥¥a
r o s* r
t’' U er* £1 MOOD
*e- er! h
<jft* ,«ss eft*
.lv
}
MOOD
4 subjunctive mood
lot 4y'£
f
(
*•*- U’^ **>'

dfc-» Should i:.
were
PRESENT TENSE past TENSE
“t them l shall them every thing
tell
U - f rorne to rac
.
1 would had helped him
Iedicative
Mood
I
Subjective
Mood ,
Iaiicative
Mood
'Subjective
Mood
*<•' I m his place, I would have paid him hi were.
1 am!* ^ !
I be. I was. l
•v
}
I
Should he come here, he

would recognise us We are.
1
We be. We were. Wc were.

ai»
•
* <c_ U>t Jv*— may Your arc.
:
You be. You were. You were.

I
£_ “U-*” ^ ,.
t
May you Jive lone He were.
!
He is. He be. He was.

May she recover very sooo !
She be. She was She were.

She is.
i
^
God
*
#
4 O
^ It was It were.
*
be with her !
It is. 1 It be.
Lone
1
2. i
live Pakistan They were. They were.

They are. They be. !
J - O ! ihat I were a bird.

4- Oh '
that itwere possible '
nu; 2_ ,
— •
work thai we mav earn.

I ud £ tri .- £. that »ot=Iest ^ *
Jlj- IT £L not jSlI J->> should il lest t**
— :
‘ ~rt- ,ast {ji
1. Walk with care lest you should not fall. (WRONG)

jnX *J&\3 ,Jri - % Walk with car lest you should fall. (CORRECT)
|
% 6 if- *
-jJ *
the u
should not miss
past tense ,y present

2. They ran fast lest they
^ RQNG j
tense ^ mood j They ran fast lest they should miss the train.
(CORREGI)
fit <=_ INDICATIVE MODE JIA-I V VER
100 parts of speech made
easy
gerund ‘Participle ^ _.u.
0i* ZS*
f
1* ji*:- ^ MOOD jjl ‘INFINITIVE
- >> 0 -- J” Jj a r_ jT jCi
EXERCISE I I
Correct tbejfollowing where necessary :
Will you ask him to kmdiy

I.
return my pen * 2. He
reed not to keep awake all .the night.
3. They could
not dare to tell |j es to my lace. 4. Would that she was
in Karachi o n the E.d Day
5 ! . Thev work in the office
till 3 o'clock lest they should not he marked absent bv
superintendent.
their 6. You wall have to hotcstlv
weigh sugar tn future. 7. Would that south was everlaM- _ , , -NtJ i l*i < V <T~
tng! 8. He wanted to at once know

m. name and ^ UU.
*4 b**'* ^t-ri
^ \jT^ *£î***^
address. 9. You should to carefully write the address
on the pared ^^5 - ^ * If' ^ W*'
should not be misdelivered.
lest it
i
slow to walk, the train was missed by him.

H.
10.
We
Being
were j
^ UL*. Lb I
j L&j>
J9
IT ** ^ f* ^
advised to quickly answer all his
questions. P Did you Jlif* ^ ‘ ^
see her to jum D into the well ? 13. He made the recrutts
to run. very fast. 14. You had betttcr "f>
< Ulî^ k U JS-* f L^ >— d ^
15. Will you not to let me die very
to keep quiet.
M J u>u uw j^f
«* ;
*b rfj . b> b l*T
peacefully ?
_ ^ ^k J» b ^
/4 ~
0^—5 J PAST TENSE ce-^/ 51
* 6 TENSES * PAST vS" PRESENT TENSE
^ J FUTURE TENSE jjl ms ^ ^ TEN SE ^

'
-
My £. «T TENSE uy*
IT fj~\ ^ 0>*—J
* * i~' ,rl " Up (r - — C5* dJUJ o ** ^ ®^
^
)
(,)
PRESENT uy
-4 '
u>- j>;' O
S « ^ - ^ j£- ^ JJ* -? J
k-j- <£_;>>' *’
UU TENSE'
^
-
FUTURE
"5“ L'U “r
PAST TENSE oy
l
*‘^L H TENSE MADE EASY iL. <*.
^
,
>' ^ 1
^
lA-sSjijCljjl « VUj” ^ ,
Ut| «*5o 1 ^
k-
+fAzS'i£>l 1
^ cr'^
5
f
/
- c_ Lf TENSE v5“^ it uT*y
X TENSES
. ^ ^S~ oljj
r tenses made easy j

^
i
*T" TENSF^ _: ^s*.
The duck swims
< ££
in water .
X u~ r X «=•>!** (;)
(A)
.
INDEFINITE TENSES
% — *
<£T*?
*
£ Z- ^ Z- & ,JJ [
* t*~J (<>*)
f The Muslims embrace one another on the £id Day

I • .
wwwwWarwwiitfwwwiHtwar
PRESENT *i - b,- a* t>~ <i>X K'cjj ^ TENSES j TENSE ,
^ t
2. PAST INDEFINITE TENSE

..l. J FUTURE jjl PAST jj?
ft#
|
i
l
kfr“>> cJ VERB | |
W'JJUa — FORM
LXJI w^rtwvîrvMvw^ww v r«r
I PRESENT INDEFINITE TENSE
1. *
— X Jib-
if
TEf : < uy>Oj^~> (will)
VERB ^X wr! U-U «ju ^ *,/ Jl They went to Saudi Arabia.

S, "p ‘T i sleep J>. 4^-1 FORM ^ (- £^ vj*
^
oJ)
tie . He /i ,%C» . (Bovs sleep b They sieep b You sleep

|
— • 1
-
t** OfZ**
-
X (v)
«* >' X cH >. SUBJECT tf ^-1 NOUN -î_, ^
I sold my cow yesterday.
She sleeps b He sleeps <<---..) ITU. JUl tf es b (- a£- <S* gsi & >lJ> j
i_ (jy)
She goes k He
^
- (
! goes b Farzana sleeps b ft sleeps — : * <j? oy-*-*. X -V^; l£J!
-: ^ b*U taT JU-j - •*£ - uaWt* <£> oy S' ^4* X r)
•
Children play
^ ^X **»l» y-X X (*—ill) * y^> X u *i» C^)
the streei.
y£ X.X by
ir«
e west to - J-y j *) a +1
;
school on foot every day.

„ ( V)
He gets up early in the morning. — ^ x. oy x <«-x
Birds of a feather flock

^ £X
together.
4
Oy X -MU Cil^ ^ ( _} rjShe
b
prayed
a day.
five
: v-s?
times
*
(- «J)
o)
^wsrwwtantrM^rwwwwwwkrr
FUTURE INDEFINITE TENSE 1
xats m
- KejjVl in <=. form J<.J JENT INDEFINITE TENSE (2)
^ b* O will
£ Z SUBJECT VERBS Z o\ ^Z Z\->.
Jl. I shall speak the truth.

( J/2*0>K; 2- tit*)
fjb s ut* >T £. of /t - (I do not go «- I go <£r ^)
^ -- They will go to Karacm VERBS il or / li* >5" es L s jJ Ijj

it
^ does not it;
,ri
î ^ «s
'JHe does not eat He eats
|sUBJECTÎ^ jUjjlw.il
\}i *&’ k ‘%ru” ) *b jJ i bjl <cJ\ . (She does not go «- She goes k
»;
wês b s ot* Z VERB +Z ji c£t* {jiZ b»jl vZ
M— •
^-s*. <Ii_U ^ does not J-r «=• J J ' *r- } u* } -
' ..v «... „ 5 ,p.u»c poo. - «L. aij- iij* -

- j jj-,* 1. He does not plays hockey. (WRONG)
2‘ HC sha !l " 0t Sltal (* - He does not play hockey. .CORRECT)
fe' . /,* tfjj* •»
2. She does not loses her purse. (WRONG)
She does not lose her purse. (CORKECT)
Im 3 J i
iSj}j£j\ w-jj|
>T ojjii PRESENT INDEF1N1 TE TENSE
r-** iw ' oWi £_ (3)
1 1 | ft Do it; ^ "SUBJECT Z of i Z i-b.
||j- '(AFFIRMATIVE J-j) TENSES Oj± ..

Z VERBS Z of /I jSL' _ (Do you swin ? You swin
(INTERROGATIVE J-i) ji? (NEGATIVE

fjSUB- Z of *s b s>J I *- 1C es 4 s uy
^ «- The bird flies » DOES in i. JECT
4^^'** *"*'
^ i V"iJ
- crj OjiC (_j%— jjîi
- (D./CS she eat ««. She eats fruit b Does the bird fly ?
;•; i* *4 ^4*3 ^,1 vT - «=_ ojJ> «i_ JSJL (S'
ab jjj*
r £ /ji*^ >i ott* b-j) j
bil a^JI fruit?
'
i' u_>~ um Ojjii z^ SUBJECT jjl <s_jês scm^T^VERB
Min
<;
^
I*
ift
*-' 9 W- *'
Ji *i^-0- fc
•*-»,* ..i O' Z '/"
±y £> uf >.l
— i-b" <-& Does
ij -: L t^V ot J jV T
:
*
Si .
.
1. Does Nadeem takes a bath. (WRONG)
<£ PRESENT INDEFINITE TENSE (I) Does Nadeem take a bath ? (CORRECT)
«~ r ,l She b He wt*Ojî» (AFFIRMATIVE
ij
{I
**
2. Does Pervin goes to her college ? (WRONG)
JW-! SUBJECT j>k «T SINGULAR NOUN Dose Parveen go to her college 0 (CORRECT)
y /a» u ©. es b « ju jj r VERB
tl
‘
- o,^, f
C-S* a-^ Z PAST INDEFINITE TENSE ^ (4)
5 FIRST FORM J VERB Z

o*f S it NEGATIVE
t£
106 107 THE VERB 107
71
4 He d d '
A fell down <aas £ did not -
4S
EXERCISE \l
S»
L~ii " •»**
Jjj* ^'i O^t) (not fall down.
Rewrite the following, changing the Verbs into the Pre-
<
•«* d5d aot JJ
*r-J
}
^ SECOND FORM -T t-SL
^^
.
nt Tease :— *
$ — • i
I. He forgave us. 2. She >>ehi her servant by the
I • They did not worked verv hard. drove them to the
(WRONG) :ar. 3.. You slept late at night. 4. I
They did not work ver y ha-.t. down from roof of his
x* ?
(CORRECT) ailway station. 3. He fell the
- 1 did not broke the cup.
*: (WRONG) ouseand broke his leg. 6. She dealt very, nicely with her
J did not break the cup.
(CORRECT) fiupils. 7 Water froze at night those days. 8. Saulat
r
,v <£_/*>
w _r £_ past indefinite tense id himself behind those bushes. 9. He lent me his bicycle
t
2
r Jfor one day. 10. % Shf lost her pen eve ry day.
' >* >t INTERROGATIVE
kJ'"*.
X&
.
4*£. ir 1
FIRST FORM •£«. Jf SECOND FOR VI f|. Rewrite the following, changing the Verbs into the Past
*
^ D* c cow died iTdsd ui*
Tense: —
pay him his wages in the evening. 2. They hang
v
.‘ L'i *
^ J> U;-> 1 cr^ - (Did the cow uic ?
1. I
murderer very early in the morning. 3. She chooses

%^ V *-> u« SECOND FORM J VERB ^ ^ ilhe
ihc best books for her sister. 4. Doyoudigthjs pit for

$ 4£T-
( i
did nhers ? 5. He draws a map of Pakistan on the biack-
5 * you sold my books ?. (WRONG* 6. You forsake your friends. 7. We kneel be-
joard.
;
Did you sell my books ?
(CORRECT) ore God in our daily prayers. 8. T hc hi . I-ys 535s.
,s* ,
2 Did he bought apples ? (WRONG) He teaches us
^
-
I, ct>» ^
-v rery pious life. 10.
Did he buy apples ? (CORRECT;
ft;.,•- nglish.
<!'—;** £. FUTURE INDEFINITE TENSE u ill. Rewrite the following as Negative Sentences
tPuoiS*. £ Shall u Will J - ii-r
t NEGATIVE^' 1. He catches fish. 2. They laughed at u*. 2.
morn-
We
I posted the this
w *^ no come *
^ They will come £»***) [ hall sing you a-~song.
4.
in jungles. 6. He wound
letter
TENSE 5 Wild animals live

o-i <-»» ;->* - ( I shall not run I shall run Jpg,
(fwill k shall
7! He will take a bath
y^ ULu INTERROGATIVE
?•) *£* & 4l<* at SUBJECI
^>>
iis watch before going to
iiir game. S.
bed. 7. My friends will play «
She pails the chain, 9. Floods ruined

fLny villages. 10. He will quarrel with bis neighbours.
(Will he lake a bath ?
V. Rewrite the following as Interrogative Sentences
—
c> _*T INDEFINITE TENSES vl )' !. We hoped for the best. 2 i hear her criefc.
«= JJ* <£-?. ^ *=. {Jr- j h (>• J-* siljj ST tri ^ t ?|. She knew my name. 4 iaveid will kick the ball.
<!• dr* X S 107 I. Your cousin wins i heiarship. 6. She kept her
1 . . .
•
THE VERB
^mothers illness secret
for many ‘days. 7. They murdered
nhm in broad daylight. 8. The thief meant
to run away.
9 CONTINUOUS TENSES
fi
\*l
They will bend their heads in shame..
lay eggs in the spring season.
10 These birds .
(B)
¥» ¥WW t
n jjl PAST 'PRESENT — O^bj o.>~J uf TENSES o!

M v Correct the following —
1
W£ - «?_ b>, £rj c5jU J f
S' lT cf - FUTURE
W
: w>j j*
Did vou drank cold water Hi. » l. «Oi *»

u
!, «. L *< ."L Of Ojîi rili
<j/
1.
2. He does not sing; Ji 1J ‘•old” li
'V->” ^
Dosi she Prays TENSE ^1 "2
3 five times a day? 4 He ji - <?. !?>, »* u*” »* W *4
—
.
A|did n •
a. the price of this pen.
J
5. Will she broke this • Jji JU L. S'
«J
Up '
Na ma do nn regularly read, he
iy\ --'
Holy Quran PRESENT PARTICIPLE

%' Arovous P«k the
truth? 8 i, am not Wa,-e my
Vjnnne. « this
is machine work pronerlv ' jo
„ rT am running f TINUOUS TENSE
» aI h. r r: . /f
Adiii not sent a telegram to
me. Sheî He < (I
.
ji SUBJECT j;V£ NOUN <— U -T** It L «
^ ^ the Some Author

4 It is running W She is running b He is running >—»*) is
4>
W They b You b We jjl

TENSES made easy We are £>i Jl-M SUBJECT
< (Naveed
£
is running
NOUN ‘4
|f ji
Mi X '*
*
J -* 1
*
£J
v-
£ ôf < £ J^r-I £ of
I*
b
They are running
am ^ £ £b Negatite
b You
1
are
-
running b are running {/
© (Giils are running *?
b am not running & not £ are l t;

4
^
I i
J
,JJ jji (Boys are not running b Imran is not running
Jl- J" VERBS
T,' ;'
*"
^ ~ *=- -
o-a £ TENSE
are U is k am £J £ £4 INTERROGATIVE K
v/| Are we k Am I running ?
Nadeem running
^ SUBJECT
W running
- (Is ? ? 4
Jt It b She He I ^ j. wv%rwturtMrw^/wu !/
SUBJECT j» m 1 £ NOUN Julj I 2 . PAST CONTINU- 1
OUS TENSE M
PRESENT £>-!
| I
s.
Qaumi kutub khana I was was iJl»- bb _£ ©

PARTICIPLE ,
4
19 FerozepoV .
Road Lahore (Pakistan) It was b She was sleeping b He was sleeping b sleeping
SUBJECT jb (The cat was sleeping b sleeping $
^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^^ jjl
^
+«* -»t •**•«» +#• <»£» I
-««• *iW- ««. -m +«. *+ ji
-
+* -r
£J £ PLURAL NOUN b They b You b We

J*>) 4
'
it
were PRESENT PARTICIPLE
They b You were sleeping
k We Were sleeping |29>f sAfiU \
jr*~ |
|
NEGATIVE «£* (Birds were sleeping b were sleepin
FUTU RE CON T NUO US TENSE
I
j4i -
I was not £1 not -W £

were b was £J
£ l
j|
INTERROGA-
£U, £ S,~ £. ^ SUBJECTS INTERROGATE' •
'*
(They were not swimming b sleepin

I
jj!
U - W,LL ^
SHALI L:
-(Were
A An*=- SUBJECT jT were b was
the villagers dancing? b
T1V_
Was Nasim laughing?^—-)
,^
b SHALL BE /•
(! TLU * kU jS3b
cP - «?-
v* ~ 1.- WILL BE)
She will be plucking Bowers

PRESENT £ We b A j
\
1.
Will be she plnckisg flowers
(WRONG )\
;ji shall be J-r. a PATICIPLE \ 3 FUTURE CON- '!

Wiii she be plucking flowers
CORRECT)
^£ SUBJECT ^1 „ JJ,
bSiiSSJSSUS 2 I ohaiibe doing an daty
“r- ^ J & will be ^ PRESENT PARTICIPLE'] Shall be I doing n:-\ J-«'>
(WRONG
(CORRECT it'
<A (Birds will be flying b We Shall I be doing rov dut
- shall be Walking n
& not **> £ will £ CQNTINUOL ENSFS—
£ £b
s
At* b shall j-hT jLo.

NEGATIVE^
INTERROGATIVE jjt (He will not be weeping^) J— a J- 5 Ji- -*i £ £*•’
WiU A J
J An ^ SUBJECT ir -will b shall
££ EXERCISE 13
Verbs
J
into u
- (the sun be rising '
I. Rewrite the following, changing the
tbe Continuous Tenses i{
S' l
I. We live in this house. 2. We ved in this house
|
)3
He the bell at
| 3.i We shall live In this house. 4. rinas
FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE He rang the bell at 7 o'clock. 6. He j
£. 7 o'clock. 5. (j
She winds her watch

Ui £ shall b will y'f NOT y >. bin NEGATIVE yf will ring the bell at 7 o’clock.
She will
7. ,
She wound her watch at noon. 9.

'
•?* y £b- k& Jjo £ be yS' NOT at noon.

f\ ^ UU bi £l 8.
wind her watch at noon 10 He catches fishes with an I
1 She .Till be sitting jdle.

‘
*.
;
^ old net. i
She will be not sitting (WRONG#

idle.
II. Rewrite the following as Negative sentences
Sbe will not be sitting idle.
(CORRECT) The
are buying a coloured T. V. set.
2.
1. They
2 I shall be doing my doty. beautitul scene. 3. She will bv
artist was painting a
I shall be not doing my duty. (WRONG) entertaining her friends. 4. I was sending a
telegram t
I shall not be doing my duty (CORRECT)

parts of speech
made
;- “ nC,e 5 My orotber i, , a
K * HCf C0WS w,fl b
-
|
r p.|£ TENSE %^%*******-*-** */

3 * 8^«ing in o,Ji crl
*
I 1. PRESENT PER*
ti
% gar was weeping « u>*

on the road ,
.
IJW
1 ,T The 9 The guard

g
,
'1
“ ’«!
,,f
<1-
1^ ^ T
'
!* /**^W*:W
i FLCT TENSE f
butcher was weighing

|
me ^ H ) FORM J PEftBcs.? - <$- U' -?*->
IU Rewri{e U She lr He PAST PARTICIPLE
2 .
the following L H «=• <
ku d^-l SUBJECT j]'*i Si SINGULAR NOUN

Shci sfl'v,ng to
Wamabad mis evening SUBIECT jJ (He has gone ^**»)
[ *itlL .
** kn °cking at the ,
door. 3
hare' £ SL j\ Jk 1
to time 4
The tram .,as -
EP^(Guests have gone 4 They ha .e s ept
UU.
Students will be
5 ‘ Y ° Ur dogs wcre bar
entering :
i{, c
exa £*3 BS.aot X. hare L has <L. <i- u NtGA TIN E ^ i
i i u ki mg in the taken tea tc~-’r)

Thev have not left for L She has not
shall be street
enjoying the tricks
of the juggler *
going
tor the guests
to the
Shalimar Gardens.
P
8 s he is
f
prepa '
>T ut reUbas £ SLS.^ INTERROGAnVE s - iMsitan
^ ...
Children will be
enjoying tt
,
I Uae K# Hnnoht f hi« hook
A*-) ? a— s— ) S.J *•.-
^ SL BJtCT
to the zoo 10 He was singing a iong.
r
I' Correct tbe following
'
f where necessary
l was chat with my
friends 2 T
going to the post-office .
faev wi
poem b» beatt ?
h° '•
3 ‘be, le.
,
Ki *• 4;
’
L H **
4 Were runmng thc>e ,
J")FORM Jf VERB ol. hi

•
pick-pocket men I PAST PAR-

’
5 Mr Quresbi , Jr, ^ (TIC
cise-books.
is checkin, 0„ i| NOUN o *ly- -J? Si SUBJECT vJOl }
7 He was *,o„„
.
entering ,he New , B had -PLURAL U x SINGULAR >j« PRONOUN
•ins an application
^
f he
<adies
-J
for , i We had promised b I had promised £r^) .
your temper for

CrJ, °S. fO'
9. Yon WP? acre SL iJ* NEGATIVE - ( My friends had promu
the doctor.
nothing, io. „ Thc Dat nte _ _
jj
*.
He had not broken the ,^-s*-) J*J W not SL ha
I SUBJECT >^had S- '<lM INTERROGATIVE jj £
- (Had he stolen your watch ? ^-s») JjP J *
1 9 jS kuU j+i- I S’ ^~: 3
_j3» ^ <£jSj* £ Si cH^-i Si TENSE tri
j>4 £1 ^ ^ £1 J* 51
-*
ft iS~*
114
THE VERB
robber bad jumped out of the

ji j£'i t
'
«_ j
The place bad taken U running train before she stopped w- Jbcu £ .
PERFECT TENSES U>~? 6J v*>
cji
1
5-* *a-» ui^ * i/H-
-ji** - (off when we reached the airport tf
u*t until WU •
re: rc L aUeady *vt- TENSE a* I EXERCISE 14
X <i„J~3> JU»4
X A. » >- *£> y. Ij. y I Rewrite the following sentences, changing their]
The doctor had already tesicd

"
^î ^ .... jb cyJ<?> J Verbs into the Perfect Tenses, making
other changes where
'
r (her cbeMtj necessary:— , c .
f
2. He stole my pen. 3. She

Ptaslte this orange.
*A &>*>’ -X X ' I.
w-.- £.•- 04»- v*:
will catch Ibe ibief.' 4.
Nadeem did not * b
"H
-M tC» u^-r O-p ^ .
y 2i $ w' _-X > r
Ji:. , J 5. Did you write in W? ? Does she d»m b
jU
«
X bad ^3 X i_U} NEGATIVE oj /«* XI TENSE r clothes ? 7. We do not cheat anyoody. 8. He
hen
by the morning train. 9. The y
.1
He bad not fnilked the cow before £?•:*) 5£ eat go to Gujrat
\
bus.
2? had
shall catch the
£ X X-U? INTERROGATIVE (the sun set
egas. 40. I first
|
:
x T
^ SUBJECT!
2r<~*as. II. Rewrite as' Negative Sentences;
They
:—
bad
- (Had the rain stopped before \ou returned home ? 2.
1 has fallen in Murree today.
Snow
drowning child
JJj** <L.J^ X TENSE- o~l
^ *»•% *^ %.<»> already jumped into the river to
save the
The judge wii.
U ‘'5* iJ
X^ | 3 FI rURE PERFECT
TENSE
We shall have taken our examination. 4.
sentence him to long imprisonment.
5. He bad complet-
rqf Li « r t) . «j»
6. They -will bury him m
ed his work before sunset.
FORM <_3 /—v l5 VERB as.].
•
<£_.
>>'
*j X, w .?t ^ his family graveyard.
7. The farmers had not watered
the last weak. S. Have taey
(I shall have taken a shall have^- X We 5 «*. their fields til! the end of
Will the postman have
gone on a visit to Sawat ? 9.
<£?**) will have £ X SUBJECT *-£ _.* Jl- ,-jl (bath
brought a letter for me? 10.
The police has stopped
essi " OU. ^ £3 (Shahid will have broken the lock
the procession.
not -u, XI will l» shall X X X.U ^NEGATIVE III. Rewrite the following as Interrogative
Sentences :-
crossed the river by means of

jj' - (She will not have lost the ticket &-z?) 53 boats.
^£- They have
!.
£ will b shall
x’ X (INTERROGATIVE 2 He had already returned from the office. 3.
Sh« will
Shall we have won the

^& tf
.
!
n SUBJECT
(match
‘
have planted a tree. 4. A mad dog
5. Ihave
has bitten that boy.
done all these questions. 6. She
7.
will have
The plane bad
- reached Faisalabad late after sunset.
wind his watch
taken off before midnight. 8. He
will
.PffiTS op speech MADE EASY THE VERB
n we
m
before going to bed.
10. The sun bed already
9. I
set.
b NOUN
have been
^ u-5 b
(>•* Ijj ji
They u You 4
SUBJECT
o i ;i'
o
(iu o
<-»*•) £l
A
|J IV Correct the followiag where We have been swimming since ^-s*) a?- :
**
.
UU bo » (Pigeons have been flying for two hours, k 5 p

d The servant had not p
1.
sot Jt*t £ have b has £J £

have not fry those eggs. 3. Ha 2-bj NEGATIVE ^*1
^
w abad ? 4. Will not have the old many minutes <rr-^)
J
he praised not your bandwriting
(They have not been
£ f hare It
sitting for
has ££ ^ INTERROGATIVE
|
her senses. 7. This coolie had'
» tb e platform ? 8. Had manv
I
Has the moon

V %been shining ^ eS-
, .
SUB,E<
n
TENSE «
£1 k_Ut
pasV PERFECT
PRESENT PARTICIPLE CONTINUOUS TENSEf
IT
|
I (D) PERFECT CONTINUOUS

TENSES £ SUBJECT wCt a'2x ^ |
r-rwvr^mawrê^ wwimwuhj vryj-if, SINGULAR jjl PRONOUN b NOUN Jy •t‘*‘ «£~
^ cJj os— ^ £
•->
f!f 0-T (JN- oy>Lj Ojts* TENSES b> t-T J bad been — PLURAL
“ *“£» *—.il /** £. iSj * OA« «j ,i* L > 4 1 . Bovs had been playing hockey since 4 o’clock.
after her. ailing son for many
2. She had been looking
months.
w~ 0^1 £
V j- JJ' «?-
**” b
JJS* SINCE £ £ (,^J IP not Jjo £ had jj) £î NEGATIVE «s-i
b viol” - (He bad not been going to school since

Monday, )
*t-
u'-« -»->> *JU=-1 for £TENSES
£ («^j *y» SUBJECT yf had £ £. 2-^1 INTERROGATIVE ts\ J-*
1
-
<h «=. V— S 6] rtUJl o! J. (Had she been suffering from fever £fj & Jt;
— : 6b>. t- £ TENSE (Jo I „
- (for a week ?
PRESENT £1 £.b* A \
Ji £ 2_b* TENSE -M
^^J-T
He is, PARTICIPLE | L PRESENT PEFERCT PRFSENT
PRESENT PARTICIPLE
rARUCiri-ts I I- FUTURE PERFECT |
<
^ss. « CONTINUOUS TE NSE J
b It b She b £ CpNJiNUOUS TENSE j
shall have £ We jjl I
£
X SUBJECT
^ bceB
*iJ >» SUBJECT vf) ^ £1 NOUN 5 bi P will have been ^ J-»
!
It has been bo IP has been ( >* |

Faisal has been sleeping s raining for an hour, r
*/
j^gjÊL^gg
a 2. P3rvin will have been pressing her clothes since EXERCISE 15 §

,t morning. Sentences
Rewrite the following as Negative \
r
* S3 not Xo H will k shall ^ N EGATU E '
I.
I. He has been sleeping since sunset. 2. They

had
|
’S
’ 1
«£T«^ ‘
2£f been catching fish since midnight.
3. We shall have \
Girls will have been skipping for half an hour. days. 4. They have
| been watering these fields for three J
|
will 4 shall
£ £_ i_U, INTERROGATIVE jjl been taking the examination for
more
4-30.
than a week. 5.
We shall have
j
;
‘ 2^2 2*1<S- SUBJECT Horses had been running since
days.
6.
7. They had
\ Will si* have, been sewing her clothes since 4 P,M. ? been attending his lectures for three
hours- 9. These dogs
been swimming for more than ten
She had been
have been barking since 3.00 A.M.
9.
30 j.c Oeli I jji Snow will have
| I watching the T* V. for two hours. 10.
been falling since sunrise.
Jl-o-l if FORSINCE cm TENSES
W 01
Interrogative Senten-
Rewrite the following as
S’
4 ! v» ^#4* ^ S’ TENSES 0* XL 0>i5ii <jl jj!
ces
II.
:~
minutes.
* I had been reading this book. (WRONG; 5 have been waiting for you for ten
We
The
She had been singing since my arrival here.
3.
2.
$ PERFECT CONTINUOUS cm c"i doctor will have been examining his

patients tor well about
j £ «-! - FOR *i SINCE TENSE two hours. 4. He has been knocking at your door for
|
FOR jjl SINCE jjl S' «ijt V'jfJU' TENSE ^
— ^ <^.3 l*y” 3-*^-
Ij
v.^1
^ ten minutes.
over ao hour
< They had
6.
been swimming in the tank for
Naveed will have been living in
* ‘
45J. cjf 3 well
3 $ <
room for three months 7. He has been polishing

\ I. I was reading this book. (CORRECT) that
minutes. 8 They will have been
cu-ji TENSE your >>hGcs so* ?«*
? (<f- 22 jf .a])
merry-making since (.-udnight. 9. We ti<ve been going
3 2. I had been reading this bpok for tea days. (CORRECT) The baby had
for the Hajj every year since 198*
3 • (<^
y" y «s. ^ /w 4*^) •
been ct stag for halt an-hour.

*
S3. I had been reading this book since May 13. -

Correct the following where necessary :
’
(«f~ yy c~~ja XL since
III.
'-0 earl morning. 2 He

1. Sncw has been fall it >2
1
-
v— £. PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSES v? We will

had been taking this -examinat^t. *. t 19*6 3.
J>i Ji *=»l*u*ja Jft k_U M t>*~* OH £> y*** 4**” Has not she been
have been going to Murree every year. *
« <3^ j— crying with pain since three hours ? 5, He- w»U U*-* 2 u& -
11
PARTS of SPEECH MADE
EASY
aTTIVeTpaSS^^^^ v|
£_ VOICE c*- o4; S j'.J*
'' '
L SUBJECT Of \S~
arM
By
V oi- - (Th«r were
the Same Author
PASSIVE
ACTIVE V
TEACH YOURSELF
ENGLISH SERIES-BOOK /J.il
x< TIVE ^ Passive voic
3
• L~* <}«’
t t*
vo,c ES
^ ‘
Made easy _£.'

1 1 ) j
•I
^ ^jj , kj J.
y-/
Me. ,
• M
<^
m JJ .<7- cru Active Voice k -
* r ^
T,' T'£
*
'
ft?
<Wr
^^^ cr! - «s- Voice ^jit > active
^*
Passiv -?
Voic « csjj>
aj* >4
V CC
t*iSjo&IIS’ojJzli Voice
ja- s'
j* ijjj. «•
^ olr
^
;*
*
irfr •, t Voice
^ LjUJ
-
C'V .«. , SLaI* <£L d~-J~
^ *** •ooci <*. o-j
If“
£ '%jCil
£ Voice C^ljjl uy ^ IVE VOICE INTO
THE
* J
’* * w** Exercises & JjjuJ jjm Voice
r £. TENSE u* u~ r V*
active ^ PASSIVE voice ^ VOICE
^
r
4 jj py ^ At, *= ^
OBJECT yf SUBJECT
U.
£ £ £. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE (9)
- SUBJECT jT » «£. shall have been 4 have bees
OBJECT will
S FORM *,-*> 4 FORM ^CfVERBc*-^ PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE « (10)

'-
*£- g J-V-1 form iSj-J gg PAST PER- «; f tf. J*JuI u» PASSIVE VOICE
FUTURE " jJl FECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
“ V IjJ <r form
&
'
(3)
- PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
** TENSES «** «**
~
£ W*»U O'
rfS. JT »>£ *i gT yl ji }g^ %}j*^
: *** *?> •*
*J «5f J uMjJ
*£ V* J4* sjoi i_ ^ ^
“ URB <^ :
PRESENT indefinite TENSE
•
I U1* CjA o'-*. ,/sl £1

* ' are ls ** am ^ FORM £1 ol u&OJjPtG. :«T clyJli, (< Jji ±*>
£. gg J?
'
ERB PAST INDEFINITE TENSE - g&a 1
J* v3 t/®*'*
2;
~ U ’l* were U was FORM ^
-' X,RS <*»* future indefinite -jnsf. Active Voice Passive Voice
iv,
*
*f .
- •
VERB ^LS PRESENT CONTI N l

*• Will be Shall be ^ FORM
;
^ K 1. I eat rice in the even- I 1. Rice is eaten by me in

OXJS TENSE >'4 i
ing. the eviaing.
are being b is being «* am being _ FORM Sj~J p
2. She teaches m Arabic. 2. We are taught Arabic
%
-
by her.
S?
VERB ^4*: PAST ONTfNUOUS TENSE L 3. He wrote a letter. 3. A letter was written
- «>
^
t'U Lp
(S) by him.
£j were being .,
?iS be j C g ^ FORM |1
4. They ftned us. 4. We were fined by them.
PAS- FUTURE CONTINUOUS We shall
u l«r TENSE-’ («)
u S. obey her. 5. She will be obeyed by
- tfjhr us.
Ji-V cty SIVE VOICE
I 6. Are they fating eggs 6. Ars eggs being eaten
<Sj~g g VERB gi £1 PRESENT PERFECT TENSE (7,
? |
by them ?
*
-r- ® been 4 has bee® ^ FORM 1 7. He w*a not blamiag J
7. I was mot being
me.
£ VER0 PAST PERFECT TENSE -g./ 8.'
J blamed by him.
'She ’his' hmi^ this This car has been
-
*r-
UV **•» & 1536 beea A FORM car.
i
*
8.
bought by her.
*
. »
THE VERB
Active Voice
Passive Voice
!»*«***«*#»*•.*** ‘V
I (B) FROM PASSIVE VOICE INTO ACTIVE VOICE J &
“• They bad
taken tea.
already Tea had already been
taken by them. PASSIVE VOICE ^ 0J> £. ACTIVE VOICE V J T
'
0
He will not have «LLM ol v' ***~ C' 1, U^' ^ ~ ^ J '1 * 1
<**
10. cheat- Ate r
lr
^ 5
ed us.
not have
shall
been cheated by him. -L \.i ov, 'j^» âorwV-i £'
^ £ V ^ ^
1
%
W ^s* J*'
A PASSIVE VOICE «£-j s * -as. §/
~ - ^- $ ; Uii ^ri - £. uÛ T ^ AC H V E VO 1C E W

7" ^ ^ or <- *-A (jn PASSIVE VOICE
: ' '
S
't\
j| 123 jjl 122 *UL *S~ 17
^ *_ Ci> OBJECT jT' SUBJECT K
£ v-. <* v-^ jjI - upU * cm a*i £v T
Jb* £
OBJECT Ji>
- SUB5ECT
(1)
|f>
< ^* r ‘J* ^ *! <>Ai jri
- a- t*t^
•
•
y* b>
'
(2)
f?
O
EXERCISE 16
am
PRSENT PARTICIPLE £.j^ uiîâre C is ^ (3)
Pot into the Passive Voice VERB
*
:
^ (PRESENT INDEFINITE J*i) FORM Jt
I. Parents love their children. She
^FORM
2. is taking tea.
3. Have you U
to bis mother.
finished this
The
book ? 4. He sent a telegram >T FORM Ar-* J VERB £. /" yf were I* was (4)
6. Had
5.
she already sent Eid Cards to her friends ?
villagers were not playing kabaddi.
jijJ ^(PAST INDIF1NITE &j-j> J u* r
Q
?. The
headmaster will fine you for coming late to school. 8.
He U-
will not have bought eggs from
that shop. 9. Has the j^VERB il^ >f fee *s. ot* shall be W will
.
be (5) P
tailor prepared your suit? 10. They will begin their *TU bji JfV «J&* FORM Jt: i5
""
FORM }&
journey tomorrow morning. II. Did he file a suit against
J FUTURE INDEFINITE o
hi* tenant }
12. he writing this essay over again ?
Is
.
g
13. He will have bought a new camera for his sister. *£ J being 2_um are feeing . »i is being am befog (6) E
14. We
had already visited Islamabad twice. 15. Do you PERSENT Jh FORM as. ifc~- J VERB
read the. Holy Quran in the morning every day ? 16.
Were are ii is C a© 4JL. ^ VERB j? dS PLE ^ P ARTIt i W
they firing at those robbers from the top of their
house ? .i.U * PRESENT CONTINUOI'S -Hr u*» *- C>
was feeing
J VERB being ut* were being "
|>
PRESENT PARTICIPLE J} J sir* «* F0RM c p
THE VERB' 127
were St was #JL. £ VERB

& CONTINUOUS TENES
^ au >r fceen ^c^faave been *, Ms beea (till
She will not be sent to
England by her par-
6, Her parents
send her »o England.
will no»'l&
PRESENT PERFECT r ACTIVE VOICE '

ir^ X ents.
* »j VERB S' TENSE Were we being cheated 7. Was he cheating His
Vvfn K LTc^
PAST PERFECT TENSE
J
^ ^^ ***** ^ «** tod fe *«® (9)
by him
I
?
wa# not bemc blam- 8 . They were not blamtngft

?
ST ACTIVE VOICE ed by- them. me.

;iv
^ .
- S*
4.^ gj 9. Has she been injured Have you insured her :$
jS~
£j?
bem ^ «** wiu b *»« »»e«n I* shall bare bees (10)*
f
fc> you-?
ft
f future perfect
tense ^ £ V T
«
<
J .
10. They have no-
helped by bin
been 10 . He
them.
has not helped
- s' Xu .j VERB The zoo hau alreedy II. We had already visited fa
oeen m> led by us.
J* the zoo.
^
[ jj
,,
-y
1
=utr J or ,>sy ;_/ iii jji j^je* This bungalow will 12, We shall not buy this
f
t V* A Jj
not he bought by us. bungalow,
**“ Th
j U( i ^ ^ c> ^l/o,,^ *r a .&£• PASSIVE VOICE JT jX Oj}^ o*
* aC*8 ^ X ^ J" .JAa £L;J.-X XX Ji*s uy active voice
j *. 12b , 125 O'\ssk^ £5 .5"
Passive Voice
Active Voice C - •
'.?.*« *2-^ **t>* H Crt* X V' co5' X
I • Fashions are liked by .1- She
" .P «J~
likes fashions.
her.
EXERCISE 17
2. Badminton is played 2. I play badminton Pur-Into the Active Voice.
bv me
I am invited 4. A song is sung by her. 2. A bath is not being }M
to tea by
him
3. He invites roe to tea. taken by her. 3. Will this car be bought by her ? 4. This
moque was built by Emperor Auraugzeb. 5. Is this i
4 The match was
them.
lost by '
4. They lost the match.
hospital being run by tbe well-to-do people of this towr
6. Has the train been stopped by a lady passenger
W
5. Many important places 7. Many peopie had already been saved by these villagers.
were visited by us.
5. We visited many im 8. Will a large number of sheep have been killed by tbe r
portanf places. wolf ? 9. Trse cow is milked by me before sunrise. .
it
j&J&s
128 PARTS OF SPEECH MADE 129
10. Kites are not being flown by those boys.

the newspapers been sold like hrt cakes by him
11. Have*\
*4 PASSIVE us* dl- <4* < })* 4-jt 3? OjllL. Jjj v 1
K
»2
? 12. Was rtS.
the river crossed by her in a small boat ? Were those l-T L5" uy ACTICE VOICE VOICE
13.
^ .
J\
pictures not being painted by these girls ? 14. Had a ^ — Sî J Iy
prize already been won by her for recitation from the Holy &
Quran. 15. Will he be arrested by the police ? 16 Passive Voice Aotive Voice
They
will have been photographed by their friends. *y
Let this house be sold. 1. Sell this house.
(C) IMPERATIVE SENTENCES BOTH VOICES f

••*+ -a*
$ Let her be sent to 2. Send her to school
I :
school. « •%
Let him not be asked Do not ask him to play

uy PASSIVE VOICE «s. ACTIVE VOICE Ojjii o' to play with bad boys. with bad boys.
$— <f- J Jji L.^. _ i.j-j ^_jS~ J*- Let not the bell be rung Do not ring the bell at
at 9 o’clock. 9 o'clock.
- m y? otr Jh*
Do not let these books Do not sell these
uni-M <e VERB um ACTIVE VOICE - & be sold. books.
UU WTjiJUTuM PASSIVE VOICE o.-r
^
— ; rtf. S « J' 4
-
<f«
llT do not let W let not L let oy* JCL oi (l) «
Qjr «=. VERB •jH
aoJL Jh Mi £ Ji* <s_ ^ OBJECT •*" <T Jet
^ j> <2) W -
«f_ *i; yi j\ (2)
rtf. lJ OBJECT J-iil VERB t*.rtL.^ ^«vt (3)

_ ]»UJI *4*1*
Active Voice Passive Voice
0* CC Oy^ r
U‘ Jujyi IMPERATIVE J
1. Open your books Let your
opened.
boo;
^
IMPERATIVE SENTENCES
£.
J»>-
c.>
*r S' sr\ *
if cAj*s
J**
Help the poor. £. r
2. Let the pot * ui
- £_ TENSES jjl
<f.
3. Respect your elders et your eio<"
es pec ted. EXERCISE 18
Let not a lie I. Change the Voice of : — j
Do not !e- . 1. Burn these papers at once. 2. Prepare tea for
eaten
the guests. 3. Change your clothes every day. 4. ‘Do
not tel! a lie. 5. Do not let his name be struck of.
VE-S KfcECH MADE EASY- THE VERB
W+s ^ -
k A JL X" i . . .
6. Do not buy these apples

7 T
Turn him
».•
0ut from
‘ 2L. oT -ljU-. fcfujy* j* £\
^
'
this house. 8* Do nm
U wkh,m a telegram
ot *« nd - £Lj^ Gyj* c—ji «d_>f
...
this L
goat be slaughtered
now 9o r -» Lel
«J**^ «s.
"? not
‘
todav
m be removed from work 'i.
in '
n
,
Ihe,e l “ b °“f- OjsU*. y «£_ Uj, ^jj CjLj UU r verbal. vt /i
bep'oeked. Do V^ J-^ ~ J ^Ju£r" ^st j£~-« yti V* ct*
her fecimps!
12. nor' .ell a lie.
,j
,5 ,
Re^fJ”**
iTno^ jjJ & -H «j^“ ^^ u**^ JL4-J1
c > J jT CORRECTIONS J of
II. Change the V©fee ©f ; _ - 8>t <*^s*i ‘^r- tJy^’ a
I- A bath is taken bv mr in ,k„ Incorrect Correct \
t
.
J- Tbe, bicycle i, I
If transferred beco
to Gujratbwou 1. She is fail in English. 1. She fails in English.
1
4 Were von" SeD } |
-
™
by your uncle
? 5
° QUCUa * ‘ £
2. He has gone to Lon* 2. He went to London &
She' was " 0t hbein 8 tested in
iv the Principal
rincipai. *
6.
J T
He
*
had already
Arabic ft
don yesterday. yesterday. £
by the magistrate } been fined R « 27 .°°0
aneG Rs non If
? y,., „ .
-
3‘ ! am ill since Monday. 3. I have been ill since X
«r: s „tL°bv zT"i„° % i
You
Monday. u
beep
^z^sirz-^Ts
poisonous snake.
in
Ji w«n *
a t-i
* esC S raiT5
,
have beta sent

^ a vcr ^
i
*
4
5.
-
sleep now.
I know him
had better
since two
to 4.
5.
You had
now.
1
better sleep
have known him for

. I
'f
v
;!
thi*
the x>•
Principal bv them **
12 tt 1 *#*
years. two years. s
poor a,c alwa y* 2
helped bv us 13 Has , hi* new * a,ready
? 6. It is I who is to blame. 6. It is I ..who am to
9 {
6660 rcad by
you 9 14 T J,
S r °° m 15 not b<'ng blame. ,]
15 w er i.
Cr
.
whitewashed
0lCi being sold by
by them
j
7. The patient died 7. The patient bad died |
the servant ? 16.
watch will
fi
not t° This 1
before the doctcr before the doctor
be repaired by me. ^ vi
came. came.
8. He wished that he was 8. He wished that he
|
in Karachi today. were in Karachi today. 2
\ 9 The spy was hung. 9. The spy was hanged,

*P ÊRB C.L . t
. f
.(e* . |
* 1 9 10. The hen has lain an 10.. The hen has laid an k
egg.
OU £L «r ^L. egg-
yy .
|
^ When
V "
!
J
.
^ V* *-?• ^ rt Jii u-1
. ^ f
1K
back ?
did you return 11. When did you return?
(or) When did you
f
|
e— 4-r ^ v/oj>u Jjt A

come back' ? p
THE VERB
him on e grass ? 4. She did not sink in the river.

5. I shall not forgive you if you will tell a lie. 6. Mother
Incorrect
has left for Peshawar last
7. He .did not ate two
evening.
How dare-you to stand How e 88 s in the morning. She would rather to lose her
8.
here ?
dare you stand rf
here ? .i) life than to leave her bouse. He works hard lest he
Can I come in ? may not fail. 10. Who has stole my watch today?
May I come in ?
I will be drowned and be drowned and
I shall
11. He had caught the thief yesterday. 12. Snow had
nobody shall save me. nobody will save me. been falling from midnight. 13. Would that I was in
Did the ship drown ?
Did Mecca today ! 14. Walk with care lest you may not fall.
the ship sink ?
This water is good for 15. She talks asjf she was mad. 16. I request you to
This water is good to
drinking.
drink. kindly excuse me this time. 17. Being a very hot day we
The train came when did not leave our room till long after sunset. 18. Please
The train bad come
1 reached the plateform.
when I reached ' the excuse me coming late to college today. 19. Sitting on
platform. the grass, a snake bit him. 20. Grapes made my mouth
to water.
He will run away, if
you beat him.
in the tank.
Did you see him swim *•*>•***# 4* 4S4-4W* **<*> -04-I* 4M- m •»*
in the tank ? By the Same Author $

If I was here, I
would
have helped them.
If Iwere here, I would Direct S Indirect Narration
have helped them.
She would rather to
die than to beg.
She would rather die V
Made Easy
He do not eats rice.
.
than beg. I
& iA ji j*2* **
He does not eat rice. * jC OQl jj i^ll yJjl
You need not to come You need not come to
to me again. 5, tk*V up FORM FORM Ojj**
me again.
* U* ca
1
He will lay in this bed. . J*. i
2f ^
He will lie in this bed. 1
She has died this She died this morning.
<>* jj *
v# ^-yt
morning.
y? £ 11 it jji a ru»
-v4i
•*
£. f»-»
*&!
DIRECT & INDIRECT NARRATION
EXERCISE 19
- Jf. C-JU <Joi .
ring where necessary :

QAUMI kutub khan a
rice with great pleasure. 2. He was 19, Ferozepur Road, LAHORE
the evening train. 3. Have they 1
“2* ~ir
S>
Iff CHAPTER SIX ^ Ot/*.Id* "'=JJ /* ** CD

| 1# SIMPLE ADVERBS
ADVERBS OF TIME u*! %*sumj
ago ; before ; now ; late ;

—:
lately; soon; daily; yesterday;
*
*h ^
j U ÂDVERB ,.
already ; since ; never ; formerly ; again ; etc. etc
w •>** -4 ’ A. s=*S~l yf-l OS* (£&£»l .^X. ADVERBS OF PLACE y.J' J{ Mi “X*” / - 1
(2)
!
w~\
>
U
** J->*
«iUj jTKl ly ^ A £ ADJECTIVE
J
1
{S~S~
— : t
<j_ ^
* (honestly honest L quickly «- quick everywhere above aside arocod
here : there ; ; ; ; ;
tn** £. adverb 'jS b ADJECTIVE backwards' up away out within etc

I
«4 VERB ; ; ; ; ; etc.
J
*• He runs fast. ~. <cr^ ‘
^ £ ADVERBS OF CAUSE u&i y A^ /* *i (3)
’ 3 runs VERB
— <?* ^ : <
L-U ur OR REASON
[ , ... i_ fa$ t)
how what; why
/
She is very honest. B ; ;
etc. etc.
3.
-
You sang
J honest
sweetly.
^ ADJECTIVE v£| ^ very) J
ADVERBS OF y \aJ A& u
k jV fl*t\4)
UU t^r RESULT OR EFFECT OR CONSEQUENCE
,
c-Vj J sweetly
^ ADVERB cX,l i. wy)
|
£ therefore ; hence ; likewise.

* * * l
T*r
.
(*?- ** u ADVERBS OF yyi y utjÂ^ k "V* S* -e (5)
»* c ADJECTIVES NOUNS,*r^-i
t|
UU
f- c£j <£r2r ifT DEGREE O QUANTITY «
t
* *. **- J PART GF SPEECH ^ y ADVERB | etc.

also
.
; almost ; enough : little ; muc. too ;

very ; etc.
1 respect him simply because 4C*e? wjUI M

c&ly ^y A& “cJU" k
’
fee is brave. It
v.
*i /} -s (6)
******
*r~ CONJUNCTION d^l ^ ,J because ADVERBS OF STATE OR QUALITY OR M ANNER
simply) jf?
soundly ; clearly ; well ; slowly

— ; ^
;
certainly
^V
; badly.
1. KINDS OF ADVERBS
ADVERBS utf3 > ytyTÛJ 1*
'
(7»
2. Relative I. Simple Adverbs —ttf u^-i c? ADVERBS x
<£rt -««f
.U>l f XOFNUMBER
JU - 3. Interrogative Adverbs, jjl Adverbs. again ; always ; never ; once ;
<*tfen ; twice ;
firstly ;
seldom ; etc. etc.

-<r~ &*ji «*'*’*
^NOUN RELat *VE ADVERBS Positive Degree Comparative Degree Superlative Degree ft
r ... ********************l
r
'* ji
r * o PART OF SPEECH worst
“ '*.-**
vj as ; how then when
’
*# ^ 2 -*- /, >r
WOTit
farthest jji
,
, where wii:lc why
; ; whereas ; worse worst jo
etc. etc.
f|
latest
ty
relative * 1 Jast
PRONOUNS little ij^ least

I] u"?
j
$1 ‘LQ 2J X/ ^ much
near
mor
nearer
most uj
<!! v.
nearest £*/»
SfiJ
y% wel I better best
£3j~ o\ ^ l * ly j*5 £_ ADVERBS ^

^
4 a>
^ J* 5 L-
^ JU-JU) COMPARATIVE DEGREE J or jT 63 more
VjJ.r' eîjj 4*r ^ Oj^J _: < SUPERLATIVE DEGREE jT S3 most jjl
- •
*f- «- 5r ji"
gladly more gladly most gladly
'
AD verbs
c>
«f- «-£f*
%
*** ^.
j parts of spe -H
honestly more honestly most honestly
; °y-» S^ji
^ Jjl ‘-y * J
k) ^
^^^ - C# _p"
( 3 . THE POSITION OF THE ADVERB J
J
; -*.(*: -L.ij 0>r«- J. U ^ ti’tri
trj - <£_
j**' or*r^
u>
» lS
'ASSERTIVE i^*i)
tft*
*s*L»
Ojjii
j\
£_ (•—* ‘-^1
£.
ji «-L.
- ctf jy- £
^ ‘VERB j*i • ^ L-T SUBJECT Jr,
— : « liUJI all- jU ^ jjl OBJECT
We played football in this garden yesterday.
i.
j4i * lJ Jr, «=. ‘r— (we ,J*i) Subject <£-/•» tr!
JW JJ* (football ,>»*) OBJECT ‘(played î) VERB

THE ADVERB
MS-
MW
w ay
‘W- Cm
v-
-
this
....» garden yesterday
gdraen
,i/»- ... fft
ADVERB c*- *-jP ^ *A
P>
X»« '
r
X S
** ^
*» /' jjt - S Jt* 6^3*
^ ^L- *.
,
<r_ j r t)f;
j§
-
** <*- „ **, yj* ^ -• *• ** <*' «*
|
9; a- âdverb adjective ( i)
r .... . , M. —
_.; 5 dT
g
Kf
<T-
1,1 am very glad to meet you.
2. She was speaking very loudly.
^
— * < uT .u* X VERB *t (2)
- ** adverb *1
. They ivepf bitterly over their loss.
x^x^
<L;M -JJJ o^TJ *-*iJ oiU
I
f:
;
.
2.
+~SL+\
I f/ja/7
,* + ^
i/eep soundly tonight.
\j« in ~ OBJECT <*i (3) $

J. He was friend !y towards I ! |. Read these lines carefuly.
2. He was friendly only tow . 2. Carefully read /A*« lines.
[l
He was only friendly

PRINCIPAL VERB jjl HELPING VERB h
3.
tow I; (4)
£_
4 °® !7 be was friendly tow
p! INCOMPLETE VERB jj» «£-
‘
L* ^.r u*t olr-j> ‘ 1
* r
-
~f- X.
K ^ X COMPLEMENT X
w
* j
|[' J
J. He has
She was
very gladly helped
a nurse.
us.
*•’
4^ J V T
really
”• _*< w*.Li * , T . i"4 T '4 *L.jS'

! c-*Aj
M*. X (5) *T
— • ‘ BL. ’
My* X u"^ ..
My** *1 ^ i.
1. Luckily the train arrived in tine.
2. Suddenly the stranger fired at him.
,«*x^ (jji
^gij.
X (to.
<
JN) *-**
tX» y^ yjfi
3 INFINITIVE
ADVERB
^
ytt
(«>
0
Jr’
l request you to kindly grant me leave for today, $§.
(WRONG).
I request you kindly to grant me leave for today.
(CORRECT). %
^^P ^chmaoeeasy
THE ADVERB
[
4. COMMCN EUORS IN TF
lh Correct
L^..~ 31 aDVESs
> °OM £ r
AEVEUSôUi^ 14.
l^\We
It looks finely.
It
We
looks hoc.
talked freely
ij
to|
*f ^
«‘. talked free to
them.
-*.Lr LT^l, them. |
— •&*>.> 16. I cannot run t'astlv
°
I
r$
cannot run
be very strong
fast.
?
i*
S
Incorrect 17. !s he too strong
Correct
18. We met three weeks We met three weeks ^
ago.
before. (|
one paid for They paid dea.r forjp

isvery well. 19. They dear
their mistake. k
I am very weak to their mistake.
;ut.
It was verv hot inside,/*
They are feeling si:kv 20. It was quite hot inside. **
\l
The me to kind- She asked me kindly *

old, the wise.
-• 21. She asked
i ue oiaer, tne wiser. to help her.
He wanted me to c;re* 6
ly help her.
it
fully check his He wanted me check tc No. shall not gof

accojnt< 22. Yes. I shall not go I
his accounts carifullv.
there.
there |
(or) He wanted me
tree Alnis were given freelyL
carefully to check his 23. Alms were given
to the poor. |
accounts. to the poor.
' We were working v;r you
%, hardly those days.
7- We were working verv 24. Higher you go. cooler The higher iO:|
hard those days. the cooler it is.
,
j*
it is.
*• She loved her son. verv
f)(
She loved her sou-verv Why are you so sad
fji dear.
’
25 Whv are vou so sadder jj
dearly. today ? k
f/
I went to
\\
-.
Murree thrtc
years before. -. I went to Murree aree
^ rears ago.
\ t* Seldom he will do hs
» duty.
It* de will seldom d* his
it
EXERCISE 20
fluty.
!i
11 Never she has told*
1 She has never tod a Correct the following, if nefessarv
—
1 She is indeed too sorry now. 2 I
ret
school ? fellow ? 3. He was not very well 4. I
me a hundred rupees for a month

kindly lend
patien 6
patient is much leave Karachi two days,
for before?
now. He has on
hardly to solve this problem.
'
7.
OF SPEECH MADE EASY PARTS
to her for her kind help. 10. They had better to give ia.
CHAPTER SEVEN
11. Faster you run, better you to catch the train.
for
12. They reached Jeddah a week before. 13. Riding is THE PREP OSITION J
quite useful for the back. 14, went directly to the
S
1
station master. 15. Meat relis dearly .these days. 16. She PREPOSITION^ «je# £% VT «** *** , • »
;
was very stronger than bet friend. 17. I was too interested . uuj x kiJ vC.» a. bu.iff *\>w
in their welfare. Thev suddenly were attacked by two

Ig.
., e,. * r (POSITION &)“&>*.
robbers. T9. Fresh fruit i good for health. 22. They *->*&?''
^Tr
1 >
i;
wanted to quickly return b me. .
,
* «*_r t Oj» *»f Oj. -r
via* «i> *•>«+<<«> <•» «t> «***>+* «***•«»

- 9
Same Auihp ? j|
$
| The Verb § Related Words §
| Made Easy $
f FORMS o>*I U>4 S VERBS X *i I

ADJECTIVES NOUNS J}i *
X l»Wi o! oj-t <g_ tT adverbs

9 ui j+i - jV
i
% ui ut- ojJ*> jj* c a 9
% oijjUr
^ J»UJi X <£* t
|
jji (PROVERBS) JM» ‘v> <
^ (IDIOMS) |
oijjUtj i»U)i *L» £L XL ^
j
g<*} ^ €
i***
BETWEEN & AMONG I
I -
o 4' BETWEEN
^
I (3
I QAUMI KUTliB KHAN A f |M X a»*

k to^ -
W o>^
among ur JW ^ f
$
4
19~Fe?oxepnr Road, LAHORE §
I
Vi
* ! ^x ^
PARTS OF SPEECH MAD 145
THE PREPOSITION
EJ?J
bj
L ™ etw0 brothers divided the property between them Complete your work in a week. 1
Mg*
&
;
'*
2 ‘
selves.
The three br0,hers divided the property *nu»» th*m.

1.
A
- (>1,5" J-£--f
K
’
Ui' ***'’
'
<£
a week.
“in A ~ ^ ^ ^ ^
(< selves. 2. Complete your work within
J r • f”
jU- tr W'
I<^ jW £- (rest ojZ- IN f
- ,4>
\fl
S INTO ^ jjl ITU LT JÎ £
2 . IN AND INTO
<^“ L. (motion û) cSy J^=-i
r0
^ °-" J ->
* 5. ~
ON AND IN ~
J4
<£ £-
^
i
*
p!
I- There was no money in his pocket. b qAj 4r IN Jj' 5- U V <
|H^» ^ .1*U U U u-^
b*u uTu^'-l. ^ £ oA>?
- 1.
li li
\» 2- Hc jumped into the river to save the drowning

child , ^ f C?*
.» £ 0>r^* jjl
^ AT A
A-iJl)
He came here on Friday. She was bom on the the lst>u
in ,jCJ cu ur i 3 ;AT AND IN
1
1.
of July, 1975. !>
2 She returned in July. We "returned to Saudi Arabiajrfc

1. She was born at Jalaipur Jattan very early in the morning.
He*|
| 1977. 1 shall come
We live in Karachi. the last week of August.
will leave for Quetta in
if
2.
i S IN j.l UU LT‘JU-1 -j
tii
f><
x. if “—oV' ^ o>;j^ «
6 BY and with
w^wnwruif (
m
1. The train will arrive at 9.20.
^ " BY ,j£J - k-J?
2. We cannot reach home in two hours
1TH jjl ^
V
. <dT-
jj* <=_ ii b
1. He was killed by a tiger.
it* 4
^ -21 b
2. She killed the snake with a thick stick
1. No foreign soap is sold in this town,
available in the market.
2. Milk was sold at Rs. 2.50 a litre.
Rs. 6.00 a dozen these days.
£. “o**" y' BESIDES jj' 4S- b*U bT J!t*cJ £L
,1
^ J>r
u>* bf
> I 4 1N A N° WITHIN c
^ “A;
'
1.
2
I shall
He was
sit beside, my mother.
punished besides being fined.
[I/
fit
k, u j/ ju-,”
%
f - .“S’
£. .* « . k
..
“S” «. Jt JwnA*-tanwwwi-f
of
, -
The principal was not sitting— —his office. 6. She*

J 8. OF AND OFF ?
5.
I
•!
•
i
OFF jjl - - •
bl ^
-’*** attended that show her brother. 7. I am the devil <
— :
^-»s» < JT “jjj ^” 4
,j]
<j and the deep sea. .

8. All those children were quarrelling
1- Is he a student of you: class themselves. 9. She had been knitting that sweater •*>
?
il
J4
—morning. 10. The pen is not to cut . II. He wanted^
2. Keep off the grass.
me to return home — —two hours—— the
* 1
V
J
latest. 12. Sbe«^
PERFECT ^-r ^ o^jjj vwwwwwwww
FOR
! gave
— birth- a son a village——Sialkot. 13. He »\
i*i
uy* CONTINUOUS TENSE | 9. AND SINCE I ! comes -a treble family His grandfather
Gujrat. 14. '<£
ki.
X
Îj!
£. tftU. wSO oj», .^^T” FOR— ?
died Friday
that person. 16.
4 o’clock.
They were attacked-
not like to sit
15. I
their enemies
did
— £
4 *Sj-r A vs* \s~S'” SINCE Jj
!
'
il pistols- their hands! 17. Where are you coming
H
~* :
^ H k-jf !»l
iS^ 'j
'* the dead night? 18. He was a man
The doctor stood him ten
no J/
minutes.
J. The baby has beea crying for half an bour. means. 19.
t ——
4 2. It had been raining since 5. o’clock.
20. you and me, he is not a desirable person.
ti J>JL S” b “‘J „
*7 „
for )w,rf ^MWWWWW( ^
| 2. WORDS FOLLOWED BY APPROPRIATE
4 ,.| 4 ,7)
.
{ 10. FOR AND FROM f 4 1 PREPOSITIONS |
ij
*
*r b U lsJ (- * AZ-i
l
<CJ £ i-J " 5

(J*- £. >T FROM $ jji ADVERBS VERBS y *^3 uy <jr)
PREPOSITIONS •)y* >-ij+
*
£. M
tuJI
J-bi ADJECTIVES *2
-> ^
i if -*«i
1. He wants sugar
loan.
for himself. They came to me fora f/j
^-4$ £ si - <?- ^ c?**
2.
•
Where are you corning from

f#
<j- iSjJj* 4- If 61 £ £_ l-M &£?y. jj* it
? if
<jl }- IT k-y £*>«*'
j
oy °j s* S k-M hi* kL tri *&*?*)£
Jjj A*i ,yO' 4jL. JT_ <j! jjl bUIl (jm (Jj5 -
ii
<L
£> ^*,1 ,4
^
-
si -<#£)> PREPOSITIONS Jb k-yt
J*“ t3<£*
4 uL* kL -’ijjj y* s*— J *-
1
EXERCISE 21 5
&
<
kuiuixuî/
Fill in the blanks with suitable Prepositions tT>
. -i jit ^ jw j>r r ii*
K :
(UjT
by act upon
$ I She has been steeping
— three hours. 2. The X 1. abide flips'
oJO' accuse (Uj* of

plane will take off abound (b*^ in
-9 30. 3. I cannot polish your table— % ) f *>*!)
4. How did your books fail this poad ? '«/ abound (U>j ) with acquit (U rf.r* Jv»U) of
absorbed (l»>,
^ )
in add (U Jk~ to
^
% •
PARTS OF SPEECH MADE
EASY 148
addicedÛS-JU^w Congratulate OM”"

equai (b^« to
^
g beg ( a>i AT) for $ envious ('i'j °f
ff
\t)
92 -
affected
affccti ° D
(
L'>! v=^L-
by
Id ^-f) for
be8( u
begin
^
(U>r
<
of
on
conscious (jî W & ')
°f
eligible f jIV £1 v^l) for
g
with engaged (.“-M in
fs afr *»d ('jji *->j 0f belief (U>, o«4) in R Oconsist (b_^ J*^*) of
10.
engaged j>! to
^
€j,
agree (b>j JaX-. ^ to believe (b^T omj) in
§
rh
*n entitled (b>.
(
j'-42 *) to iff
agree (k>-f <2 consist ('>f J'*^*)
^rais-S) with |5. belong (U* o^L) to |ff
^‘ tb
O agree old) in cure (b v of or for 'engagement (b_>i (J^ 1
)
iff
bent (l»>t Ut 5^d) on or /jjj
uponff yV familiar (^''J vb*»-) with
n r
aIarw ( u; <jU<ji b o*Tj?)
I
•
f° r
jj®
M *°gry (*j>j
at bless (U^S'* Vos. cS~ji L *
-
jy|
7 contempt
»\
familiar (-^b vb 4 *-) to %
withj with
‘
& ^ cheat (bdi t+ij) of famous %
W angry (U>, ^ ob) f0r I
bound (x*b b Vlj^_U) fbr&l ^content (b>t with
(; 4 r~“) f° r
fond of
2 angry (U>, ÎjlS ^ oL) at I
boast (bjl*£» of 2 confidence (}bi
J W) * n feed (dt+T’) on
ff
answer .xl^) or (U* ff ^
^ anxious x, ^53) about
f I
busy Q*yt with Jffl
/p. confident (b>j
(b>» i Uh fr of (or) fit (Cjj^) for %
ftp flf>, I born (l~J '^) of W I about feei (bjf for
3 anxious (t*, fi A ob or ) f born (I* lx* ol, £)atoriJ} M content (b>i ^jb) with 11. fight (bjJ) against
ff
#
A apologise (cyJu* ^ j
careful (l^ U* abour A (Wb/ pf ).of fight (uti) with —
n *0*1) to
j
I
care (U>T bLÎ) f0r
}
^ convict -
^
(ii-i) for full 1
b*:) Of iff
<3 cure
(
apologise (li^TOjo^ôb) for charge (U*a
fj with of filled ('>i 'j4i) with
apply (Udi
| fldieÛôUj) ff
Cl) jT) to cheat (bdi
|6. of cV*-‘) i° (bijS~ ji) in
2
apply (Udj ^LT) for complain odU
ffj ^ delight
of
fill
free (i’jT) from

p
(
|\j deprive (b^S" ||
Pjj approve (U\JT jlJU) of
against i<§|
) /* differ (b_,r o^^-l) from glad (ltj*-) at 'J|
ashamed (U>,jtu^) 0 f J
g complain (U^fcs J) abo S different (b^ uibie) from glad (tr>*-) of ff

J attcnd ( u>i
j
to it
^ attentive* (U* a to
complain (U^T jT) toff A deal Qijf in good (4r*) for
p
complaint (aKi . #1 (U^r ^L-) with 12. greed (^) for i
|f>4. appeal (UjT J^l) to
ij! deal
against °f
& aware (U>t JTT) of ^ <2 depend
on greedy
|^j
comply (\ijS~ J-»j«d)
with guard (pjf jU) against
desire (b*^ Mr)
j
amused (b'>, jj.,— with f° r

\»)
.) I
compare (U^Tjjis^ with kjj^J
desirous (dVy-) of
guilty (b>t
ff
<2
blind (U^ Ux‘l b jU, «»_) 0f I compare (Ujr „i'c.) to ^ p
% $ dream (MCi v'^-) of happen (bT to
||
^^
I
or in
| confident (Uj, 0f
l£ .....
^.'•^v
& >1^* &T
'#.*$ >a» "I**
~2f~
- * - * * *“
.j
:
150
PARTS OF SPEECH MADF
EASY
TH E PREPOSITION 15.1
hatred (ojii) for F

k
loyal fjtalij) to 4
heir (cjlj) t o
(
j (I profile <-=—*«) to some- '

search (MjS J&i) for V,
long (U^ olfl^
hope (U*r . for
for i
body in something sacred to 4
married -*
t
t0 popular y.jS* (or* 1 to

’
honest (jb oibj) jn with sensitive
^ ji)
jj t
ignorant (jsi of
15. mourn (U^yL u A V
j
pray t*I jS WJ! h bse) to supply {MjS •) with

If
13 . impressed
murmur ('ilj* b) at ,;J
somebody for something similar (l»>! to
1
^, with J •>
i!J (i»>j neglectful (i_,^Y) ,1 proud rj^-) of slow (c~~«) at something
ra with 0f
J |
& indebted (II*
{Q
I necessary
!o | J
prefer f VjJ J) to superior (£jl -
5
!^**) to
i
inferior s'll . L^f) io

necessary (Û _ 2 provide {'-: jS p^j)- for sympathise ^
m injurious (oL-j
j» t0 j
for
y somebodv with somebody in some-
i° tr °ducr (UljT need (U* Cy^j previd ^ly) something
ifj t0
j ^0r ^ f+
werferei^r^lju. neglect (JIj^jY) 0 • body w.:h something sympathy (v>->j.w-) for
^
$ h something.
with f
^
\
present from suspicious (Y‘1j 2-jS tXi) of

5 sorae-one negligent (b^*,) it
j|
**',
<
• j’uj 1
^
X inform (M of 16. notorious (fUa*) f
or
fj proSt
(di** »jÛ) by taste for
iajurious
|
*plot{U,-T c^; -) against thank (MjS lot **,£,;) for ^

fi to obedient (jhj{ <jL,i) ,
^ ^
tQ r
inquire. pity («/ ^j) for thagkful (j Ijf jZS) t0

Vi/
(0,5" of obliged 4!
0 '/ jte) to some-
;
2
*dmethmg or some person
someone about
I
one for something

f quarrel with somebody for something
^
^
jfl
<|* qualify {MS' J^.) for tired (|> t £*") of
interested ^ object (^ v^l^j) to
J|j !«' regret (MS' for tired (l>< isCiP) with
occupied Ui* o.;^) by £> recover (fc>~ ylj from’ trust M S' in
$ jealous (•!».«.} of occupied (Jj^ A|
2 (
JU
in reflect (<>A A’-V^) on trade (U^T o; i*t)wjth
r ^’' t0 a occupied 4a
^
l
' ^ Person
^
tf
by° j with iv« reduce (MS' by tremble ( ^’S”) with
)
offended (lit o
land (dkji-) to . true
j somebody for something
»*; responsible (jlo for $
I
knock (Uli^T) at U regard for
r
triumph (1«>» J
-‘- -*1»^ over
known to
f
part (U* lAk) wj{h Jomc ^ A ,
*
rely (MS' on troublesome .(»> wi-fc * .
I
|
body ,4 !4
key ^• repent (Uj- »•>•> - *tj J ) o! useful (•>"**) for
to
|
part (U* !.u) f rora useful (A-a-) to
^•ogt a; some- * remind (UYo -b) of '.’St,
^
lame (ijCd) of
j
body ,d " *
rob (fc.'f of unfit jo*) for
" • 4
|
painful (Û jj .\ ) ( 0 t -
satisfy (MS with unknow::
f
^•1
4
..
Jt
fci «- *- ^
^
•'** -* *.-w • * w - j
4‘ •4?~
_ J> vif r^V-:fc S'. >•
Correct
Incorrect
Mvain Ol‘_: ^ «L) of workty ( ) of
on V
of 5. They go to school
<*'[! versed .(Û) in wear*, (*>t
They go to school by
foot.
yfvek at wish (li>» - WU) for foot.
ft
( )
He resembles his
with 6. ft
^vexed (0>- (*i^) with wonder (!<*•» 6’_r^> at He resembles
father.
his father. |
\Jvictim (Uj- j£-) to wrestle (b^ ) with returned in an hour. P
7; 1
%wait jU&l) for withdraw ) frem * I returned 'after an

hour.
£X wait (^>t ct* £—>*) on yearn (1>>* h*) for £ Did you sign on the
8. Did you sign the
cheque ?
^.twarn (l»^ •»ri- ) of yield (UU. 6‘u) to cheque ?
9. What is the time by
/[warn (U^' against zeal (1 \m iry?) f° r What is the 'time on
your watch ?
your watch
^wanting (b>, {y^' ) in zealous of ?
on my 10. Let him say it to my.

i
Let him say it
ace.
face.
'îyf —jt* ck^ *i
k= <sjjj+ 2?-* £- *r'
Open your bocks 'on
11. Open your books at
page 30.
jjl tliJI \j-i c-— Jl*-. wljj^ yT jf - -4 jvj
/j £_ jl page 30.
I
f}c~j» > J~ A j> PREPOSITIONS <JL>

i He will take revenge He will take revenge
on you
<uit »tUl <£j» c-f. j.yt ^
$ form y eu.
13. married her to a
married her with a
1
-Ji If 4 I
doctor.
' doctor.
% COMMON errors in the use of We were playing 14. We were playing at
< ! 3. * cards.
the cards.
f! PREPOSITIONS
She is ill wi th fever.
*
- »
4 » . , ^ n nr, n ^T^TAV 1 -t C- . . !
§ She is ill from fever. 15.
16. Please inform the

Please inform to the
po ice.
police.
Our examination be- 17. Our examination be-
gan on the 13tb.
}i. Incorrect Correct gan from the 13tb.
\\ ^ Imet a mad dog in the 18. I met a mad dog on
/•) 1. Who is knocking the 1. Who is knocking at & way.
the way.
door ’ the door ? Was she angry with
^
Ijf 2. Always write with 2. Always write in ink. $
Was
you ?
she angry upon 19.
you ?
% ink. •A
Why did you call to 20. Why did you call me
He died of malaria. <\ names.
It 3 He died by malaria, 3. me names ?
y t. We travelled in train. 4. We travelled by train. $
i
PARTS OF SPEECH MADE EASY THE PREPOSITION
in- *2. * pt> it' . ...eve ry-

Correct ivcoe$$*.....our
13. fox A is no atch... » . Was be
13.
f„
21. Send your letters on Send your ...the daughter of a b usincssmao ? 14.
?f letters to ried
(•;
my address. my address.
f
\ou not auilty .... .neglect <

**
vV were not
]
* 22. those pen-
1
He was blind from one Hs was ibar.... the ways

blind of one 5
$ eye. '
eye.
He was ver nischief. 2. Itwas
C. 1. *
J 23. Did he swear on Did she ro >he*- ie angry you

swear bv ! «-n-d :i*
|
God ? .
God? ’
.
vhO‘>! famous
^ !lutt2 >at
24. Thej. are very very
§'
kind on They are very kind to
« me. \ - heir
me. l
use ?
25. Go on surge prepen.
J >our business. Go about vour bust-
.
ost.
!*'
<>. He was not opp. .
ness :ps:its.'
/
10 Do vou Relieve evii
doctor at' once. I-. We were weary.

13. /hy don’t you attend. your lessc
r
apolo'« e '* .you.*... ..his rudeness ?5.
m EXERCISE 22 t e ib Bank ?
L Fill fo Jht UtKks will Kibble Prepssitioes orrect the followieg

II. A ••
A. 1. Is he angry..... you? 2. He was verv sorr Karachi. 2.

bhe was born at
^ ......coming iate. 3, Was she fit
\t/ tafaer has comp!amed......you.
that job ? 4. M 1.
garden. 3. We
return to bomt shall
5. You must be ioya
6- -Her neighbour died. .....dysentery 4. Did you order for his dismissal ?
~‘"'Z?y 0<5ccr
r * -
Pi the sunrise. 6. The snake entered to tb

•
\i, 7. Why did he laugh us ? 8. She wept as she pane*

r son
there any need keys live on trees. 8. We were getting
/>\ 9. -
more chairs
Is
M w P° ;
-
not boast
vour riches. II His bungaiov
9. I am thankful of him. 10. Put
A three bed-rooms. 12. These children an

$
/*';
bent making mischief. 13. They congratulated hci
her success. 14 Do you deal.. ready-made ear*
M "sents ? 15. What is Allama Iqbal famous......?
A *** ®* E I was not satisfied
your work. 2. Regulai
% h,m his
rfc,'se
help.
•
is good
Trust.. ....God
—
They were thankful
health. 3.
•• 4. and do the
% warn
ri-.H
fhc«
S Has she any taste. ..... music ? 6, Did vou
vi; ..the danger. 7. Do not yield any tern-
^.ptatiffii He .was very obedient. .....his mother
^* 9. Kind*- have pity; us. 10.
n ...... your seat-fellow? SI. We pray
Why did you quarrel —
God.... ..the
157
THE CONJUNCTION
i*’
*
CHAPTER EIGHT
?
THE CONJUNCTION
8.
\£k* yS' (oranges jjt apples) X* X and cfr* JI— (Jt;
*u
5 } jUt
A ;W%ViW¥» » »¥¥¥W¥{ Oranges Oj/*» k_ but <=-
^
CONJUNCTION -T CONJUNC •
X j*-* (j-1- (Apples are sweet are sour &
VJ-J' *J**VT c&*.W
“S* X d-Sf-* >X
— ctf TIONS ^
J
4 0>âJ UU. IfS" {<
ui)aA ci^» ,
•
* y?
1. and. 2. but. 3. yet. 4. still. 5. while. 6. however. %
hence. 11. for. ;jT
7: whereas. 8. nevertheless. 9. so. 10.
.. I. Boys and girls go to school. ‘
13 . luxordiogly. 14. consequently. 15. also.
12 therefore.
• 2. She is poor but honest. 19. as well as.
16. too. moreover. 18. besides.
17. j>
* 3- We Pl°y football because it is our national game. 20. both ..and. 21. not only. ..but also.
22. either. .. or. X,
•J
4. He is so old that he cannot run. 23. neither. ..nor 24. otherwise. 25. else. 'J|
X
m- Xj- CONJUNCTION
X
^1 ji u^dJjXd V»
1” U
^ Adversitive
“oU*1” J~)!lllative
» j 1?
X.X
t*rl
• *4 «=- lt!" k OjXJ tf-

jjl U-;
* (Jl>
d-M (jjij ^jS' < l» “lay” ^*4) Comulative < X.X. f y $

- Lit £*6? Ltr4 -iji?
^ u &i
I
Alternative
f# ‘M**!* «i*i
j-J 1
«
rs-Jb'
14 4- 9 ‘ca£ r-» Jn
Ji8 <* 1 **. -4-_
kinds of conjunctions
$ f 1-
I 25 22 jjl X ,•-» j-’ 21 <se. 15 ‘
X (*-» &j-*a
CO-ORDINA-
-
> U u±* J X (*•“* u**’ t***
1
^
|(1) Lit u*~~* .>> J CONJUNCTIONS u! - <C. LXt-
S<2) SUBORDINATING CON- jjl TING CONJUNCTIONS
i * <=- <Ji
3 JX t- Jût <f O' - JUNCTIONS c-it. ®
%
^ | j. SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS »f
* N *^%V. * 3? Oyl^- >/HiM«wMWVaJeuMMa««waw U
:
*CON « -
1. co-ordinating conjunctions
«5s *,%.
€ , t x Ojii-r ^ U 4?L- x '

'
<dT*
:
» jjl
; c*: -»«. qyX'*- jJ”’ XiJI •»Wj b JUNCTIONS 1. I shall go to bed, when my father
returns home.
t ~ :
«£•*? ‘ x^ oj/*» 2. You cannot succeed un-ess you work very hard.
\ ‘ They have bought apples and oranges. 3. We take exercise so that we may keep fit.
|
2. Apples are sweet but oranges are sour.
^
X
uij,~
ayi- iL.
X>- CONJUNCTION
Ojfi* o^-
uyUj>Ui
JJ* d~X“.
^
^4! *
—e! - uy X>1 u« X‘^=
J *J
*,}
I
. v. f
' 0‘3‘‘ T"
‘4‘‘ •>!
^ SL ^ S Xf k**
O r jjl c»Û
<—
•*»» X *
*i
J£*^ £J>~
>1
We eat that we may live.
^ , (JU«i.
J»>)
PURPOSE ^ (4)
•6|. -i'«j
XL tC-.j** <>): (_$l LSf* 1.
.; ‘ îi jt* 2. Work very hard lest you should fail.

Speak a bit more loudly so that we may
hear you.
3.
1 If he speaks she truth, mother will forgive him.
^,xu CONJUNCTIONS J^Vl X r-* cr\
When you need my me —an
2.
<cy TIME
had arrived, when we reached the station.
^
help, ring
CONJUNCTIONS *i
up.
(1) that ; so ijjat ;

provided that ;
RESULT L EFFECT
in order that ;
lest-
1. The train i*>) CONSEQUENCE b (5)
2. I shall change my clothes, before I go to my..office.

• 4. **
CONJUNCTIONS jffS’. X cr\ so... .that
*'
ait 1. I ran so caught the thief,
fast that I
that everybody pitied her. «i
2. She wept so bitterly
when ;
after ;
before ;
while ; till ; .
until ; as -soon
as ;
as long as ;
since. h 4*U- J-’h). CONTRAST, k COMPARISON (&)
< l
* 'W* REASON k CAUSE (2)
<cr
— : e 1. He is just as old as you are.
1 . He missed the train, because he walked, very slowly. 2. You are wiser than your brother was.
3. She will not be so clever as her motber is.
.2. As am ill, I cannot come
I
Jji CONJUNCTIONS >;S”X ifl
jx conjunctions 4«=-yi £. — : <-sr
•I
—
.
: <-%
as much as no less than than.
as as ; ; ;
as ;
for ;
because ; since.
— . ‘ lj* CONDITION (3)

(“jUl” V«ju»* J*i) MANNER L EXTENT (T) *|
{
1. If you arc not feeling well, you should take rest.

As far as I know, fee is an honest man.
m
/*!
2.
-*
He
WV
come, provided that you
will invite him. 1.
2. As they were poor, we helped them. &

3, Unless you run, you cannot catch the train
%
3. As he has lived so will he die.
CONJUNCTIONS X iri
Jai
,
CON J UNCTIONS JV*-W jj**’’ £- r*’ ^

— : cef Jt*
if ; in’ case ; unless ;
should ;
provided ;
provided VSH
as ; as far as ;
as so.
that •
whether etc* etc. (
4
160 PARTS OF SPEECH MADE EASY THE CONJUNCTION
—l < PLACE (8)î
1. He died where he fell.
2. I shall sleep wherever I like.
3. They returned whence they came.
J*S CONJUNCTIONS £_ r-»

— : ctf ^correlative conjunc-
3 J> *'
^
^ -•
sy
**'
; ^Tc L
cV ~' u 1,ONS
Where ; whence whither ; wherever. |ju* <*'•
a t
, ^t/ ti /" jc ,.r ot* ojy*-
'
AtV' J*t) SUPPOSITION U CONCESSION
— «- r k
(9>!j
3 »>hWW'«WV{
: <r JV»=-' SUBJECT jv* , I either .....or
J
1. Though he is uhwel!, be is doing his duty. £\ ;her or >*
2 I must reach there, although I am rather late.
1 . uT j,lk- H 1UJ ^ VERB >: *'
3 However hard you work, you cannot succeed.
are a
ui j CONJUNCTIONS £ r_i u ~! ^ ! . Either Saulal or hi# friends
leidei
— : c# .is 2' Either the students or their
though although however even though what-

o' '
»
JV*M SUBJECT
: : ; :
-*-r
ever notwithstanding. J
;
i*/ neither nor OjM d

<
l
- 5
atunwwwnuriirWtwMwwv/wwwwvtf A
/|
/fji j*lk- V kU.
s.lk- £_ £—»y.P
kkJ. a. >-JJ • -t-t VERB
2. CORRELATIVE CONJUNCTIONS ^ 1 ‘vx/
!
| |
mymch sum
Jl*- uy<d_y> 1
y-T/ J- CONJUNCTIONS j>->
^ 2.
Nei tir.tr
Neith er / nor my
nor
totcli Is re
t
V5 CORRELATIVE CONJUNCTIONS
*
u*' J ; 1
A
^ both...
subject
.add >TBUJt jo
r
^4
-either jy Either you or be is guilty
or (1) $ £_
not only. ..but also uy He is not only poor but also honest (2) {§ PLURAL -ir*
- both... and uy He was both a poet and singer (3)

COW and the buffalo give
X ! Both th$
are
Bath mf node cmd your auot
$
A 2.
THE CONJUNCTION 163
162 PARTS OF SPEECH MAPS EASY
!>,' * Yx
% i
&****’%/'tur r*g W£
b hough uy d-^» ^ no sooner. than
4 -i*.
!
i~ ,
-'
r *J although ____
4 timogh yet
VtiA/AtMtt/AAv>'K/AA
|
i
o £_ Oyi Ji Ot jj' <s_ l7

fi — :
£?** « ^ T a* *«
V»
v
if- 1 . Though be pround. yet be jj.very %i£stJ lojfec.
is
T
Although sbe is quiet now. ye* she is very c^Ver. 1. No soooer did we see the snake than we turned pale.
p
fi 2 No sooner had they left the house than it began to rain.ii/
if
J *t
•> yet -»*i
£ although ^ though *S"
£&
— i '
Kfyyftrf bo* scarcelv jy ’
. 8. scarcely when * !#
if Though he is very naughty. { Jiks hi®. ^Correct)^ .U I hardly V%Ar 4/HAM/s/s/KrA ;•/
if Although he was very rude, yet I fafgaye hi®. (Correct) # — : __w

‘
<
•
UT;y-> before Ij.i\
i/
*
1 bough these apples are cheap but j Will out buy them. p ] . The tram *rtd Scarcely stopped when she jumped out. ^
if
(Wrong) 2 Tb- traio had hardly started before sbe pulled thej|,
^ .
« Though these apples are cheap,, 1 wifl TO* bey them. ;Q

chain. *
VMnwrWtur iur'un»/N^wrf P
\)
(Correct)# . . , T r-
,
if *3. > rather

rather thaa |W
4. Altboogb you are poor hot yoti are OOt ^qaesi, (Wrong) # < «S_ l7!
j )j+ than •*" il tr' 5./'
if Although you are poor, (yet) you art q^lhqoesi. y
(Correct)-* 1. She would rather starve than beg. -
^
M 2. I would rather resign thaa take bribes. •
V
''**”*•****"?? »
V ;-*> or £. ^ •*«
4. retesrrf
% -- : 2-
<
,J ’ as **» SL
y\ 1. I do not cate, whether they come or coi.

He go
M 2. will to Karachi, whether yOajikfcjfaPr trot.
raArwvkrwwTunuhMrwMWWhirww wvrw%{
._ W* USE OF SOME PARTICULAR CONJUNCTIONS
4
':
i
oot only tj? £-/»* tj-Y*

6 aotuaSy bet elsu 'p
^
.
u-
but also -i»u iLcriyiÛi { |
^
•
ru'oÛi^r ^ conjunctions '
— : < «g- ^ >>># jvjlJ c iaiv)l J 0U.T wf.

V »
^
1 .
2,
Not ooiy ram bat
They were oat only punished
also snow fell laal jsight.
bfct stag Shed.

% J 2: cr\ - ez- T
^ j\)J+ iSjIyZ* Jjf *j JjY ^
\i
- c- S •*r>J «-uV
'4*s'4>\y'4$
He took to his heels on seeing the police as if he wasQ
PAFfTS OF SPEECH MADE EASY 2
’» < Wrong)
a thief.
took to his heels on seeing the police, as
g
he were
He il
^
(Cor.ect)g
a thief.
jCif ” <JN <J*- £ u**. f 4 SCARCELY or HARDLY j #

J*. il c-l j/ ii/
L THAT J <H /*> 171 WHEN ;> „-i
& f4l ^ 0,1. £

£/*
jj
i-lf:
— .-e- UTU }* *y* J 7 £ u THAN# '
3 CONJUNCTIONS 2’->
: ‘ tfi-
/j • /" t>~° .'A* <st come out of the room than us roof|w
] I ha«i scarcely
'
fell down. '

.
rbofj>
scarcely come out of the room, when
its
1 h id
(Correct)^
fell down.
Unless be does not come, you cannot go.

~
Wrong
^ i
t
J
4
o The
fell
train h
down.
; ' uardly crossed the river, than the bridge#
(Wrong)g
Unless be comes, you caonot go. Correct) *\
«4l
* The had hard crossed the
train river, when the bridge^
Unless the train does not stop, we cannot get down down. vCorr \
^
Wrong) « fe 1 1
Unless the train stops, we cannot get down. (Correct) SUBJECT ;£> & O^' j*
| 5. AS WELL \> \
— e—y wv h
^ » v
!
as well as v*
*- **' b
’-V W oy.- uv f 2 '
u
*>J! b*T SHOULD £ u-'
LEs r » - JV~' JtU~ £ -V* VFP?> 7 ** A
yj Ac. j-\y ^ -
,J '
,
-
Run fast lest >ou miss the train. ( WrOBg) ir
Run fast lest >ou should miss the train- (Correct)' f 1. //e as well as I am going to Murree
She worked ha**d lest she failed. iWroog) V He as well as I is going to Murree.
She worked hard lest she should tail. f Correct)

m i She as well as / have made a mistake.
^
H M*+-*J*M *
5 3. AS IF i l
jjj* were ^
ti I. He talked <w //he kus ill. (Wrong)

^ He talked os //he were ill (Correct)
4. COMMON ERRORS SN THE |
. USE OF CONJUNCTIONS f 9. Though they are poor,
Thoogb they are poor,
vet be will not help
tat he will aot help
notions ^ jî <Sji£*\ cmj^ ?h«®.
them.
had I slept
^^ ur! • S Scarcely hod I slept, i
10 Scarcely
when supped o ry. '-
«s=. Js-M? — yy *w if «*
J't ^4^ t£)An*
Ibes he slipped away.
11. No
hie
sooner did .he

<«r^'
! w'^~ *-*
^ JJ^ o^r* -
-
y« JT !$» sooner the train

stopped, the passen-
train stop th.< he
** £ gers began to get
passengers began
get down.
to
==- j4? <-^r! - — ^sf £-i»1j ^5"" *3^****! down.

Although she was ill,
~ ;
^ <>$* Cri-
5
r-^ u*? 1 A&haagh she was ili, 12 .
(yet) she was read , u’

tot she was reading
the newspaper.
Incorrect Correct the newspaper-
13. This is the same dog
this b the same dog
1. He ?s not only vouog 1, He is not only young as bit him.
which hit him.
but healthy. but also healthy.
14. Mbs words were such
2. Either he or I are in 2. Either he or am Kf* voids were sorb,
as could not be for-
! in
the right. the right.
that could not be for-
given.
give®. - , .
3. Walk with care on the 3. Walk with care on the Unless he keeps quiei, \4
muddy Unless be does not 15.
him out.
road lest you muddy road lest you 1 will turn jf
do not fa!?. should
keep tjoiet, 1 will tarn
fall.
hie oat. . fa
4. As you work, so as 4. As you work, so will io Although he is intellt-
you- will be paid. Although he is intelli-
is careless.
you be paid. cent, iysi) he
-
gent, but he is careless. ^

They were crying very
5. 5. They were crying very
17 No only your charges
it Not only your charges ^
m
loudly as they were loudly as if they had are high but also you
beaten severely. been severely beaten.
are high but you give
cive a short measure.
&
U
a short measure. U'A
6. Unless yon do not 6. Unless you speak the Not to speak ol good
speak the truth, he truth, he will not
What to speak o f rood ?S
could not
he
coo not food,
will not forgive you. food., be
forgive you. even get dry .bread.
8**6 get dry brt...!
7. She worked so bard 7. Sfee worked so hard He speaks Arabic as if
therefore she won the that she won the first
Ke speaks Arabic as
. 19 .
were his mother
it
first prize. if it is bis mother
prize. tongue.
tongue.
be so
M
11*
8. iii, he cannot 8. As he is ili, he cannot
come
OE speei
8
11. This book is not only cheap out very us«ui.y
Incorrect Correct
the HolyW
12. Unless you do n ot learti these vems from
20. Not only be but his 20. Not on|v he but also Quran, I will not let you go home. K
brother attended the his brother attended
meeting. the meeting. (B) I . not as lucky so you are. 2. He bidM
She is
not arrest him>
Neither he nor his himself in the kitchen lest the police should
21. Neither.be nor his 21.
He heldR
Neither he nor I were known to them.
4.
neighbour were guilty. neighbour was guilty. 3.
his as if he was dead.

breath 5. Javeid was not such atfc
22. Hardly had they reach- 22. Hardly had they reach-
expected. 6. The rain had bardl#
ed the station, the 24. ed the station when intelligent child which I
train arrived. the train arrived. stopped than the snow began to fall. 7.
My sister am
No sooner did we well as I am a student of the tenth
class. 8. No soonei|
23. No sooner we reached 23.
it began to rain. reach home than it down into the canal, tlfc mother alscfr
home did the boy fall
began to raid.
Although be was full of anger but h
jumped into it. 9.
Nobody can say if he '

Nobody can say whe- 10. The father as as hit son wertf
well
24. forgave us.
will succeed or not. ther be will succeed As soon as the guard blew the whist Id
waiting for us. 1 1,
or not.
then the train started. 12. She had; scarcely entered th®
such books
like 1like such books as
23. 1 room thap they left it. . f
which are interesting. are interesting.
... J* ^ <.
fly the Seme Author
Correct the following where ucessary Translation Made Easy

, A) 1. Both I and he has refused to go. 2. Neither *lc" £ jS' A
i-’.vpt nor Israil are
ready to accept each other’s proposals.^ j.,i jU-l £ TENSES; **».»
~ 4 1 hey should work
hard lest they^ ,
I as well as he is
ill. !•***
3 <«(*-
examination. 5. She is well known!
should not fail in the
singing but dancing. 6. No sooner she,
not only for her *3*
home when the clock struck nine. 7. Although^ I (j^JLIV V <JX
; re ached
is quite strong. 8. As 1 am fasting sof # V
be is old but he
' I
l cannot eat or
drink anything till a little after * u ° s * t:
her senses. 10. wna
I MI QUTUB iKH ANA (Regd.)
9 She talked as if she was not in 19. Feroseper Rofed, LAHORE
to speak of a
reward, she did not pay bim his salary
CHAPTER NINE CHAPTER TEN '
. .
jj
’
At' i
9 THE INTERJECTION % I 10. THE SAME WORD USE© AS # •
K I DIFFERENT PARTS OF SFSEC §

ijT^ *i <JR» -Sst^f Ua> Y\ &W*0*0W&*0*
NOUN yst/* yr kW* jlr 4- 4** Sjt&l
fL. *-£ j\f&[
— Z
wfcui JT
1 ^*
e
ii
^lu*
fllTjUi
^1 ADJECTIVE \jkf
£ 4**-!
6t* &6i 4T*l
VERB ^ -
• a*
ADVERB
urrab ! «*- ;
g £ jMH X u-jA M5j !™ - Ctf A-j? 1»UJI j£* £ {*—» y*l.!*t <•*• .Ji*“ «?•
Sas! w»»* C5f cfc* °J>w yf k V £ wf v' <j£=^
a '
£******&(& IMPART OF SPEECH ji & £ oUi* 2** cm vT
>T
•s ^ us
V y-J^
^gm .^-*1 ufc.^jf ^
£*» «M* £“ Mjlj!”
0>t *•**< i£ £4**“'- «J^C-} <21 fcT?
! «s- P* USf
1. All. — A// (u f
\£~~Adj.) boys *n present. He
X. O' ^ (/[ * <C> »»f ri*L»A- yj*
was sitting all (jQli Adv.) alone in bis room. I have iost
- J ,jli J-V- #•*> S' PART OF SPEECH my all (4*S~ i-~- N.) in this business {)kj}&}-
yJ^—Adj ) than
“X Ojj^ £ ^•Jf «jm ^4 i^ 1
mine.
2. BETTER.— Your
You know better
watch
iJ-r-Adv
is better
Rjspect your betters
.
u;i
* <s_ OF SPEECH ).
fjlt j Ji—N.). She has bettered »’•> her haod-
writing
j$
- ^ (CAPITAL LETTER) > 3. BOTH.— This knife cuts both {Adi.—*iJ* jsf ways. j$!
Both {Uy^—Conj.) Saudat and Faisal hatre gone for the &:
F yu) c~>%* *««wj
yikpafe.! X &rl (2)
% Haij. Both (Oy4 *~Conj. ) of them are taking the examine- L
EXCLAMATION — !—
I
4‘ tion. ‘
*
f?
-jf.
. .
k*1
u* £-J .*•»£. v/VM(!) (3 j
$ 4 OOWN. —Armed police came rushing down
. J7
*- ‘‘Vr £Jj- A (CAPITAL LETTER y,W; \M*jJ*—Prep-) the street. Deem (W* *s«Xa -
l
9s*— ^*) 1$
^ wilb dictatorship (*j^) The baby fell down Adv.) » ,
USE AS DIFFERENT PARTS OF SPEECH
from the cradle (-*-) He has seen the ups and downs (jUf-
.V.) of life
12. ONE.— 1 met him on the road one {*S*J—Adj.)
5. EITHER— Either («X*I J>5^ c& Oyjs—Adj.) day. Her little onel*f-Pron.) cried with joy. One (uM
will serve the purpose. She must -either (k—Conj.) weept — N.) should do one’s, duty.
or die. Ask either («&! —Pron.) of them to help you. | 13. ROUND. — The earth revolves (l*£J - h+jif )
6. EVEN.— The
road was not even (j\^—Adj.). K round (sjf— Prep.) the sun. This table is no; round
co«W not even (^tt—Adv.) think of him. They did not I
— Adj,). Let ns round (l»£) — V.) this fort (*«^»).
e*en the playground. I 14. STILL. —l heard her cries in the still (UU-— N.)
of the night. Are they still v'— Adv.) in London ?
7. LESS.— Hit role was not lets jpT—Adv ) impor-
I
Still icf I Adj.) waters run deep. The mother stills («**»•
tant than mine. Why do you pay less —Adj.) attention
i
to your, studies ?
Ul y.y her baby with your name.
I need Rs. 30.00 and will not be satisfied f
with anything less (pij 15. WELL.— Well (*=. S-^—Adv.) begun is half
done. Let us go to the well (o'jsS'—N ). I am quite well

8. LIKE.— I know nothing about bis tikes —Adj.) now.
— #•) *nd dislikes. Do you like this book?
i
They serve men of like (o^-Zi—Adj.) tastes.

'
i 16. WHILE.— Let us rest for a while ( y*
Do not try to while (Ujljf V.) away vour time in idle talk.
9. LITTLE.— There was a little (L/dja*. Adj.) toy' Wait for him while («-£> <— Conj.) be returns.
in her hand. He eats very little ( rr _ \$yv—Adv.). Wei
want but little Jcl* — Af.) here below. I
By Same Author
10. NEAR. — He neared (0^ — V.) the stranger-! the
They stood near (iî/—Prep.) the post office. Draw near |J

GOOD HANDWRITING ;
—Adv.} and listen to me. He is a near (Si^y 3$ £? 2L ’d-J^ A JSi) <L JW& cS*
1
|
—Adj.) relation of mine. '
11
Ji*£) JV* £*£ )Sj*
- S' iA I
NEED —I jA— V.) ^ o— %
I _ - S' k_ir fwl.tiii te* j
II need a bicycle
1
|
immediately. Her needs must be fulfilled. 4-jj (Cr~4^ pyj* *s»)
J
| 0
It needs (l*^. to be done with care.
|| Q-AUMI KUTUB KHANA |
19, Ferosepur R«#d Lahore,' (PsUatae)
II j
By ite S&m4 MABth&r
Br dv Sarr.* Atftkcr
^ it- ^ X jh" <4*£

1
I
“ PAK
§
I
?!
tt
1,
i
C *V 4#^ «-£*
gj •ENGLISH COMPOSITION!
1. ‘
Pick-me-up—Per-prlm^* I POff EVERYBODY ‘
i
PRICE
V £ i-^ urf ill «*•< 4*** % jb £ CAJllr tc^ X,
^^
|
f
t
'
: ,(b. I
I C ’
vX,*.#
^ vari ^
<x> iSJt^ A>* I *
ltt^“*(OaiQ*aes) 0*» - J 75 — U3
2 Pick-me-tip—PHioer 1 5 •
*f. *r'
^ 3^
.
(S5orks )
i£ X <fl» Js* ijt ^»J()
I irotn S) * 175
M
250 (Applications
|
jjs (Essays) cH-* x?»
PSICE: ... ... „ jig *-C» IT (Pxragraphs) L*

|
& I
C^M» Of a£ij jtf
S
|
I
.gjj Jsjl
c—ja
up i-/'
>T
J*«r -gfe- *>’
,1*# S'
is*
4.4^-
oTU-
"rk
u! ^
*- J»jj
^ a«
-ft
sS
«j
^/
***-
«««-
31
?
| is
*
:4
- *=-*: t*» (r)
ijc*
-.. k-tr
fCtr ..x_
uij'c
i
vi?
3
^
.iu; -ii.LiSi I
f
*
I
\l
«=. tujl 4^jS* £

«M- 4.
£1
te-
•>* Jjrj
(r)
( r)
|
1 wW 468 -
t
- jio^ «- .jl** tL. kJ f& U^> vJ^< (ft)
$
«• «s. j>^ S jjl y«*>5 (»)
$ J 1 v*" »s Oy~3i* £. j&\
- *««ljl I •**& S‘' ri'f *> *3^* 3* lT=<
t **dt
r 'rft: •'3' ^
-
<e=-
«=. f*i
il >>
jf®
u
«£< %
i
j ^ > - y"T **
Manager, Sales Depot. Manager, Saks Dep

|
QAUMI KUTUB KHANA (Regi.) t QAUMI XUTUB kH AN A .Reg*-*
Is
1
19, Fc'oxepsr Road, Latere %ttgFF$as& I skM*»
« % *» %• i
^nyyiij f MNiiyy>(»,

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,

QAUMI KUTUB KHANA

ifc 'll *vLi im1 iff ? JlsbJL-%a

A 19, FEROZEPUR ROAD, LAHORE

9. Tenses Made Easy

Jly-i o^r jj i •si- t^r _>r vt

15. Analysis Made Easy

kjf <*T” JL trl Kinds of Pronouns

Sa/es Depot. X<t 6. Distributive Pronouns

| QUAMI KUTUB KHANA (Regd.)

Vi; Chapter Subject Page f

8. Errors in the Use of F;onou«i.

EXERCISE 12 ... to?

EXERCISE 13 ... in '4\

EXERCISE 7 EXERCISE 14 ... 1.15 ».J

4. Common Errors in the Use of Adjectives 66

The Article . ... * .... 70

Kinds of From Active into Passive ... ia

2. The Use of “A" & “An” ... ... 71 **

' 4. The Omission of the Article 75

1. Kinds of Verbs ...

fe EXERCISE 10 ... 4> 6. The Adverb ...

i 3. Incomplete, Strong and Weak Verbs 1

4. Infinitives, Participles 2. The Comparison of Adverbs... .... 136-;..:

EXERCISE 20 ... 141 pPARTS OF SPEECH

$ 3. Common Errors in the Use of •j

* EXERCISE 23 ... ... 168

The Interjection ...

— : «=- J4- \S Oy*

<-4^ J" tr* ay <Sji £- « '* NOUN of- M ^ *•> **-

— v&Oyi 4- jUoil jjl M

An ADJECTIVE is a qualifying (a^-V) word

^i *ru- 2_u lt juli j l.i «- tiwnrfarwararwww/ {?

Nadeem has Nadetm s books in Nadterq's hand, ) • V

•» 4S- ->- 4SS. the cow J>5

jh jU jj~ Nadeena um wjL*

he «£*> Nadcem uy o,L*

4pUJI *£ - him u^r-^ his w^r5

‘Ow .t” PRONOUN ay PRON

^ c—iwi w^>? J J-'. ^ <T~ V* fc

k will write U wrote w write <^r^)

$ portion of one word

with regard to another.

o>i S ltI uy* sSj$j&i - tru* tfjT •‘jjj” !•

A VERB is a word which describes or narrates (b* jS~ ol^) >,U«) O *i

You are young bnt I jj' <=_ Saulat jjl Parveen U

‘jOI’ b V.U’ b ^I‘ J^T,oy _4 ri.

An ADVERB a word which modifies (U^S"

meaning of a Verb, an Adjective or another ADVERB.

Speech the wards used ia them are —

2} 2L £. 04 j,. ob jc/ *<_

Uii l#4 » i iLz'SjJo^ speech ^

-«£-,/* ADJECTIVE » I 1*^4

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