4th (Assist.

Sub Engineer ) Note Book

Karnali province
Sub:- Engineering Drawing
1 Purpose of Estimate:-
● To find Probable cost of the works.
● To find quantity of various materials and labour required.
● To have an ideas about the time of complection of the work.
● To have an ideas about the time of complection of the work.
● To have an ideas about the time of complection of the work.
● Irrespective of variable sections of walls.

2 Types of Method of estimate

1 Centre line method:-
● Its circular, hexagonal, and octagonal shaped of buildings.
● Its quick method as campared to separate wall method.

3 Partly centre line & partly cross wall method:-

● differents thickness of external wall & internal wall
● Differents thickness of wall.
● Differents level of foundations.

3 Crossing method is used overall perimeter of buildings.

4 bay method is used No. of rooms are present with the same dimensions.

3 Types of Estimate:-
1 preliminary estimate:
● Prepared on the basis of cost of similar works.
● Detailed drawing is not necessary for rough estimate.

2 Plinth Area Estimate:

● Its also know as square method.
● Prepared on the basis of plinth area of buildings.
● Its less accurate.

3 Cube rate Estimate:

● Prepared on the basis of the cubical contents.
● Its more accurate than plinth area estimate.

4 detailed / Item rate Estimate:

● Prepared on the basis Plan & Sections of structuures.
● its most accurate estimate
● Its most reliable & probable method.
● Its mostly used methid.
 5 Revised Estimate:
● Prepared on the basis of detailed estimate.
● Orginal sectionsed of detailed estimate exceed by 5%.
● Expenditure exceed by 10%.

6 Supplementary estimate:
● Its freshed a detailed estimate.
● Pepared on additional work is required.

7 Annual Repaie & Maintenance estimate:

● Its should not be more than 1.5% of capital works.

8 Approximate Quantity method Estimate:

● its very rough estimate.

4 Standards estimate format of Government of Nepal:-

S.N Discriptionsunits No. Length Breadth Height Quantity Remarks
of works m m m

1 E/W cumes 1 20 5 3 300

5 Rate Analysis And Norms:-

● Ministry of Work and Transport is F/Y (2061/062).
● Rate fixation committee as per PPR.-2064 (Regulation 148).
● Overhead limitted -(7.5-10)%.
● Profit limitted - ( 5-10)%.
● Overhead & Profit is - 15%.

● Contingencies Charges:
→ Contingencies limited - (3-5)%.
→ Allowable contingencies - 5%
→ Including Supervision - 2.5%.
→ Other Expensences - 2.5%
→ Physical Contingencies - 10%
→ Price adjust. Contingency - 10%

● Value Added Tax (VAT) is - 13%

● Project water charges is - 1.5%
● Work Charge Establishment - (1.5-2)%
● Contracts Charges is - 1.5%
● Centage Charges is - (10-15)% of Estimated cost.

6 Estimating items of construction works:

7 Estimate of Civil works, And Site development work:
8 Specifications: Purpose , Type , &Necessary:-
● Function of specifications -
1 Communicate
2 Compare

● Purpose of Specification:
→ Specify rhe nature of works.
→ Estimate the quantity and cost.
→ To clearify and ambiguity.
→ To identify the quantity of materials .
→ To identify the materials proportions.
→ To identify the types of workmanship used.

● Types of Specifications:
1 Functional specification
2 Technical / Design specification
3 Combinations

● Standard Specification of Buildings:-

● Clay & total impurities not be more than 5% by weight in brick work.
● Thickness of vertical & horizontal joints is 10mm.
● No of stones shall be less than - 15cm.

● No deduction opening -
→ Masonary works - 0.1sq.m
→ Plastering works - 0.50sq.m.
→ Formwork is - 0.40sq.m.

● specification of CGI-sheet & AC- sheet.

S.N Description CGI-sheet AC-sheet
1 End Lap 15 cm 15 cm
2 Side lap 2 corrucation 1 corrucation
3 Corrugation 10 7
4 Quantity 72 Fit
5 width 32" 41" ( 1.05 m )

9 Concept and Purpose of Property valuation:-

● Method of Valuation:
1 Rental method
2 Direct Comparison with the capital value
3 valuation based on profit
4 valuation method
5 Development method
6 Depreciation method

● Purpose of valuation
 1 Buying or selling method
2 Taxation method
→ To assess the tax of a proprty valuation is raquired

3 Rent Fixation
→ Rent fixation is - ( 6-10 )% of valuation
4 Security of loans or Mortgage
→ Security of the property is required.
5 Compulsory acquisition.
→ The amount of compensation valuation of the property is required.

10 Supervision:-
● CPS - Construction Project Supervision.
● PS - Provisional Sums.
● TDS - Total Deduction at source.

● Types of Supervision:
1 Autocratic or Authoritarian
2 Laissez- Fair or Free- rein supervision
→ It is also known as Independent Supervision.
3 Democratic Supervision.
→ It is also known as Participative or Consltatives Supervision.
4 Bureaucratic Supervision.

11 Other Related Topic:-

● Internal shafts for sanitary isntallation having area is - less than 2 sq.m.
● Internal sanitary shafts is - more than 2 sq.m in Area.
● Penalty is fixed contract amount per days are - ( 0.05 - 10 )%.

● salvage value:
→ Salvage value is also known as salvation value & residual value.
→ salvage value is - Without Dismantled.

● Scrap value:
→ scrap value is - With Dismantled
→ Scrap value of building is taken - 10% of the cost of construction.

● Standard schedule of rates are revised at the periodic intervals of - (3- 5) years.
● The thickness of Plaster is - 12.5 mm.
● Quantity of wood works are generally - Sq.m.

THE END

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