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of Computer
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of Computer
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Information technology
• • The use of computer, data communications, office system
methodologies and tools to generate information.

Communication technology
Transmission of information over the network.
Refers to the tools, systems, and methods used to transmit and exchange
information, data, and messages between individuals, groups, or devices.

Computing
Refers to the process of using computers and computational devices to perform various
tasks, solve problems, and manipulate data. It involves a combination of hardware, software, ( _e a
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data, and algorithms to process and manage information.

Techopedia explains Computing ••

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Computing has also been defined as a branch of engineering science that deals with the •
systematic study of algorithmic processes, which are used to describe and transform
information.
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An electronic data processing machine capable of performing mathematical and

logical operations and processing large volumes of data at high speeds.
• •
Characteristic of Computer
• Speed The computer was invented as a high-speed calculator.
Electrical pulses travel at incredible speeds and,
• Accuracy because the computer is electronic, its internal speed is
virtually instantaneous in terms of seconds or even
• Storage milliseconds. Speed is a major characteristic of a _e a
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computer. The speed of a computer device is very fast, e '

• Automation
as it can perform tasks in a few seconds that no amount
• Versatility of calculation or anything that a human being can do in ••
an entire year or more. •
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• Diligence
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 • • •

An electronic data processing machine capable of performing mathematical and

logical operations and processing large volumes of data at high speeds.
• •
Characteristic of Computer
• Speed The computer's accuracy is consistently
high. Er rors in the machinery can occur but , due to
• Accuracy increased efficiency in error-det ect ing techniques,
t hese seldom lead to false result s. Almost wit hout
• Storage exception, the errors in computing are due to human _e a
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rather than to technological weaknesses, e '

• Automation
i.e. to imprecise thinking by the programmer, or to
• Versatility inaccurate data, or to poorly designed systems ••
•
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• Diligence
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 • • •

An electronic data processing machine capable of performing mathematical and

logical operations and processing large volumes of data at high speeds.
• •
Characteristic of Computer
• Speed

• Accuracy A computer can store a large amount of data

permanently. User can use this data at any time. We
• Storage can store any type of data in a computer. Text,
graphic, pictures, audio and video files can be stored
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• Automation easily. The storage capacity of the computer is
increasing rapidly
• Versatility ••
•
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• Diligence
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 • • •

An electronic data processing machine capable of performing mathematical and

logical operations and processing large volumes of data at high speeds.
• •
Characteristic of Computer
• Speed A computer is much more than an adding machine,
calculator or check-out till, all of which require human
• Accuracy
operators to press the necessary keys for the operations to
• Storage be performed. Once a program is in the computer's
memory, the individual instructions are then transferred,
e
• Automation one after the other, to the control unit for execution.
The CPU follows these instructions until it meets a last
• Versatility instruction which says 'stop program execution'. ••
•
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• Diligence
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 • • •

An electronic data processing machine capable of performing mathematical and

logical operations and processing large volumes of data at high speeds.
• •
Characteristic of Computer
• Speed Computers seem capable of performing almost any task, provided
that the task can be reduced to a series of logical steps.
• Accuracy For example, a task such as preparing a payroll or controlling the
flow of traffic can be broken down into a logical sequence of
• Storage operations. Yet the computer itself has only limited abilityand, in
the final analysis, it actually performs only four basic operations:
• Automation t

• Versatility It exchanges information with the outside world via I/O devices •
It transfers data internally within the CPU. !
• Diligence lt performs t he basic ar it hmet ical operat ions. • • C
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It performs operat ions of compar ison. _ .

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 • • •

An electronic data processing machine capable of performing mathematical and

logical operations and processing large volumes of data at high speeds.
• •
Characteristic of Computer
• Speed

• Accuracy

• Storage
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• Automation

• Versatility ••
Being a machine, a computer does not suffer from •
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• Diligence the human traits of tiredness and lack of
con ce ntrati on I
Computer
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Capabilities of Computers
• Ability to perform certain logic operations. Computer has the ability not only mathematical
calculations but also it can perform logical operations.
• Ability to provide new dimensions. Computer can process and perform complex mathematical and
trigonometric functions.
• Ability to store and retrieve information.
• Ability to control error. Computer can perform automatic operations, detect errors and can make
responses to user.
• Ability to check itself. The ability to control error is the ability to check its own process.

Benefits of Computers
• easier research/google search/education purpose
• multi-language translation
• better gaming and entertainment
• online tutoring
• easier to communicate with
• makes business better
• makes it easier to shop
• productivity tools
Limitations of Computers
• Inability to derive meanings from objects.
• A computer does not have feelings.
• Dependence on prepared instructions. The computer performs onlywhat it is programmed to do and nothing
else.
• Inability to generate information. It needs someone to feed the data for processing. A computer is nothing
more than a piece of electronic equipment that can be manipulated by human to achieve its goals.
• It cannot correct wrong instructions. A computer generally cannot detect and cannot correct on its own.
• It does not have the common sense to correct the incorrect data, but it can inform you that there is an error

Why Computers Sometimes Fail?

• Input Errors or Errors in Instructing a Computer -- users must know the different commands that computers
understand,
• Communication Gap -- computer cables must be properly connected to avoid device malfunction.
• Improper Control -- the care to self is the care to the device. This means give strong care for the device and
give attention,
• Lack of Standard -- compatibility to its peripherals means welloperability of the entire component. The
standard of the device makes it efficient to run and operate in a well functioned machine.
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Classification of
Computers

Based on Data Based on Size and

Based on Purpose
Functionalit

General Micro Super

Purpose
Specific Analog Digital Computer
Computer

Mini
Hybrid Mainframe
Com ut er

Desktop Portable
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Classifications of Computer ••
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(1) Based on operating principles: I

• Analog computers: represent data in the

form of continuous electrical signals having

a specific magnitude
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AnalogSignal

• Digital computers: store and process data ma

gilatony w ad
in the digital form. owsa %
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• Hybrid computers: a combination of analog

lMyhridComputer S - s r
computer and digital computer because it

encompasses the best features of both.

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••

" Classifications of Computer ••

• • •
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(2) Based on applications: I

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• General purpose computers: can work in all environments. It is designed to
perform a common range of tasks. These types of computers have the ability to
store multiple programs. They can be used for business applications, scientific
purposes, for educations, and for home use. Even though such computers are
versatile, they are not much efficient and also slower in speed.

• Special purpose computers: are made to perform a specific task or it can handle a
single specific task. They are not designed to handle multiple programs. Hence,
they lacked versatility. Since they are made to handle a specific task, they are more
efficient and faster than general-purpose computers. These computers are used
for satellite tracking, air-traffic control, airline reservations etc.
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Classifications of Computer ••
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(3) Based on size and capability

A microcomputer is the most I

commonly used computer that is

• Microcomputers generally used at homes, schools,
banks, offices, etc. It is a small, low•
• Mini Computers
cost digital computer that consists of
• Mainframe Computers a single microprocessor, storage
unit, and input/output device. The
• Super Computers microcomputer is generally made for
individual use only.

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Classifications of Computer ••
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(3) Based on size and capability

Can handle more data and more input I

and output than micro computers

• Microcomputers

• Mini Computers

• Mainframe Computers
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• Super Computers
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Classifications of Computer
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(3) Based on size and capability C

A very large computer. Mainframes
deal with problems constrained by
• Microcomputers
input/output and which demand
reliability above all else. These are well
• Mini Computers
suited for performing thousands upon
• Mainframe Computers thousands of concurrent transactions.

• Super Computers
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Classifications of Computer ••
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(3) Based on size and capability

The fastest type of computer that can I

perform complex operations on a large

• Microcomputers
data set at a very high speed. These
are designed to work on types of
• Mini Computers
problems whose primary constraint is
• Mainframe Computers calculation speed.

• Super Computers
 Based on Usage:
•Home Computers: Computers used for personal tasks, entertainment, education, and
basic productivity.
•Business Computers: Computers used in offices for tasks such as data processing,
communication, document creation, and project management.
•Gaming Computers: High-performance computers optimized for playing video games,
often equipped with powerful processors and graphics cards.
•Server Computers: Computers that provide services to other computers over a
network, such as web hosting, email, and database management.
•Workstations: High-performance computers used for tasks like graphic design, video
editing, and 3D rendering.
•Embedded Computers: Computers integrated into other devices, like automobiles,
appliances, medical equipment, and industrial machinery.

Based on Operating System:

•Windows Computers: Computers running the Windows operating system
developed by Microsoft.
•macOS Computers: Computers running the macOS operating system
developed by Apple.
•Linux Computers: Computers running various distributions of the Linux
operating system