LATEST

TECHNOLOGIES IN
OM
Group 1, Section E, PGDM 2023-25

KHUSHI SHAH 2023240

MANDAR JOSHI 2023246
MANSI GOEL 2023247
RISHAB BOTHRA 2023257
SOHAM BACHKAR 2023267
VIVEK KUMAR PATRO 2023274
RAM MANCHHANI 2023313
 Introduction to AI Advantages of AI Challenges of AI

Artificial Intelligence, or AI, is the simulation
of human intelligence processes by
machines. It involves the development of
algorithms and computer programs that can
perform tasks that would typically require
human intelligence, such as learning,
problem-solving, and decision-making.
One of the major advantages of AI is its ability
to increase efficiency, accuracy, and productivity
in various industries. By automating repetitive
tasks and providing real-time data analysis, AI
can help businesses streamline their operations
and make more informed decisions.
One of the biggest challenges of AI is job
displacement. As AI systems become more
advanced, they can perform tasks that were once
only possible for humans. This can lead to job loss
in certain industries, particularly those that involve
repetitive or routine tasks.

Practical Examples

1. Natural Language Processing (NLP) is a subfield of Artificial Intelligence (AI) that

focuses on the interaction between computers and humans through natural 2. Computer vision is a field of artificial intelligence that focuses
language. It involves teaching machines to understand human language, including the
on enabling computers to interpret and analyze visual
nuances of grammar, syntax, and context.
information from the world around us. By using machine
One practical application of NLP is in the healthcare industry, where it can be used to
analyze patient data and assist with diagnoses. For example, NLP can help doctors learning algorithms to identify patterns and features within
identify symptoms and patterns in medical records, allowing for more accurate and images and videos, computer vision technology can be applied to
efficient treatment. NLP can also be used in customer service to improve chatbots and a wide range of industries to automate processes, improve
virtual assistants, making them more effective at understanding and responding to efficiency, and enhance decision-making capabilities. 7
customer inquiries. In the finance industry, NLP can be used to analyze market trends
and sentiment, helping traders make more informed decisions.
 Introduction to
Robotics
Robotics is the intersection of science,
engineering, and technology that
involves the design, construction,
operation, and use of robots. The field
of robotics has grown significantly in
recent years, with advancements in
artificial intelligence, machine learning,
and computer vision.
Robots have become an integral part of
our daily lives, from manufacturing and
transportation to healthcare and
entertainment.
Advantages
Robotics has revolutionized various industries
by increasing efficiency, accuracy, and safety. In
manufacturing, robots can perform repetitive
tasks with precision and speed, reducing errors
and increasing productivity. According to the
International Federation of Robotics, the global
sales of industrial robots reached a record high
of 381,000 units in 2017, indicating the growing
demand for automation in manufacturing.
Challenges
One major challenge facing the field of robotics is
the high cost of development and
implementation. The sophisticated technology
required for robots to perform complex tasks
often comes with a hefty price tag, making it
difficult for smaller companies or organizations to
invest in this technology. Additionally, the
maintenance and repair costs can also be
significant, adding to the overall expense of using
robotics.

Practical Examples

1. In the field of healthcare, where robots are used to assist with surgeries and provide
care for patients. For example, the da Vinci surgical system allows surgeons to perform
minimally invasive surgeries with greater precision and control, resulting in faster
recovery times and fewer complications. In addition, robots are being developed to
provide companionship and support for elderly or disabled individuals who may have
trouble performing daily tasks on their own.
2. In the field of manufacturing, where robots are used to automate
repetitive and dangerous tasks. For example, car manufacturers use robots
to assemble cars on assembly lines, increasing efficiency and reducing the
risk of injury for human workers. Additionally, robots are being developed
7
to work alongside humans in factories, aiding and improving overall
productivity.
 LATEST TECHNOLOGIES IN O.M.
CLOUD COMPUTING AND SMART MANUFACTURING
GROUP-2
SECTION : E

• Hrithik Pilgaonkar(2023306)
• Shatrunjay Bind (2023280)
• Aditya Kumar(2023276)
• Navam Jain (2023249)
• Vani Kumar (2023271)
• Aayush Maheshwari(2023275)
• Somesh Jajodia (2023268)
 CLOUD COMPUTING
WHAT IT IS ADVANTAGE
Cloud computing offers the
advantage of scalability. Businesses
Cloud computing in Operations Management (OM)
involves using internet-accessible servers to store, PRACTICAL can effortlessly adjust resources to
match varying workloads, enhancing
manage, and process data and applications. It
enhances efficiency through real-time data sharing,
APPLICATIONS operational flexibility and cost-
collaborative decision-making, and streamlined 1. Demand Forecasting and effectiveness. This adaptability is a
supply chain management. Cloud-based solutions Inventory Optimization: Amazon crucial asset for winning case
offer agility, cost-effectiveness, and innovation, uses cloud-based analytics to competitions.
showcasing modern operational strategies in case predict demand and adjust DISADVANTAGE
competitions. inventory levels, ensuring products Cloud computing in Operations
are available when and where Management faces data security
Remote accessibility fosters flexibility, while built-in needed. challenges. External storage raises
analytics aid data-driven decisions and process 2.Real-time Supply Chain concerns of unauthorized access and
optimization. OM's integration with cloud computing Collaboration: Walmart employs breaches, necessitating strong
highlights the ability to scale resources on demand, cloud platforms for real-time encryption and access controls. This
reducing reliance on in-house infrastructure. This coordination with suppliers,
approach underscores a comprehensive grasp of security balance is crucial for
enhancing supply chain efficiency effective case competition
contemporary business practices, setting the stage and reducing stockouts.
for a winning case competition presentation. presentations.
SMART MANUFACTURING
WHAT IT IS
Smart manufacturing in Operations Management
refers to the integration of advanced technologies,
data analytics, and automation to optimize the
ADVANTAGE
entire production lifecycle. It involves the use of Workforce Skill Adaptation:
Internet of Things (IoT) devices, artificial PRACTICAL Smart manufacturing requires
intelligence, and cloud computing to collect real- existing employees to acquire new
time data from machines and processes. This data is APPLICATIONS skills to handle advanced
then analyzed to make informed decisions, predict 1.Predictive Maintenance: General technologies, necessitating training
maintenance needs, enhance quality control, and Electric (GE) uses IoT sensors and and upskilling efforts.
analytics to predict machinery
streamline production processes.
maintenance needs, minimizing DISADVANTAGE
Smart manufacturing aims to increase efficiency, downtime and optimizing Data-Driven Decision-Making:
reduce costs, minimize downtime, and enable agile operations. Smart manufacturing enables data
responses to market demands. By connecting and 2.Real-time Production analysis for informed decisions,
digitizing every aspect of manufacturing, companies Optimization: Siemens employs optimizing processes. Airbus
can achieve higher productivity, improved resource smart manufacturing to monitor and utilizes real-time data to enhance
utilization, and enhanced overall competitiveness in adjust production processes in real- aircraft assembly, improving
today's fast-evolving industrial landscape. time, improving efficiency and efficiency and quality.
product quality.
Blockchain and Digital
Twin: Revolutionizing
Operations Management
Adithya kumar (2023226)
Gaurav Kumar (2023235)
Tanmay (2023270)
Nandini Bhattacharya (2023248)
Abhimanyu Tyagi (2023224)
Shanti (2023279)
The Basics: Understanding Blockchain
What is blockchain? Pros of blockchain Cons of blockchain

A decentralized, digital ledger Reduces the possibility of Can be expensive to

that records transactions fraud, streamlines processes, implement, and the
securely and transparently. processes, and facilitates technology is still complex
trust between entities. complex and evolving.
How Digital Twin Technology Works
What is a digital twin?
A virtual representation of a
physical object or system, created
created by combining real-time
time data with a digital model.
model.
Pros of digital twin
technology
Allows for virtual testing and
simulation, facilitates predictive
predictive maintenance, and
enhances collaboration between
between teams.
Cons of digital twin
technology
Requires significant investment in
investment in technology and
and infrastructure, and there are
are concerns around data privacy
privacy and cybersecurity.
Combining Blockchain and Digital Twin
Twin Technologies
1 How do they work 2 Benefits of 3 Future potential
together? combining the two
The combination of
two
Blockchain can provide Allows for greater blockchain and digital twin
secure, decentralized transparency and trust, twin technology has the
storage for digital twin and can improve the the potential to
data, facilitating secure efficiency and accuracy of revolutionize various
data sharing and of supply chain and industries, including
collaboration. manufacturing processes. energy, healthcare, and
processes. transportation.
Applications of Blockchain and Digital Twin
in Operations Management

1 Supply Chain Management

Blockchain can secure supply chain data, while digital twin technology can provide real-time
real-time tracking and monitoring of assets.

2 Manufacturing

Digital twin technology can facilitate predictive maintenance and improve efficiency, while
while blockchain can provide secure data storage and sharing.

3 Logistics

Blockchain can enhance transparency and security in the shipping process, while digital twin
digital twin technology can provide real-time monitoring of vehicle performance.
Getting Ahead of the Curve: The Future of
Blockchain and Digital Twin in Operations
Management

Global adoption of Moving to the cloud AI and blockchain

blockchain
More companies are exploring
exploring the potential of
blockchain technology for secure,
secure, decentralized data
storage and transactions.
As digital twin technology
becomes more sophisticated, it
will increasingly rely on cloud-
based computing to manage and
analyze the data.
The combination of AI and
blockchain technology has the
the potential to revolutionize
many industries in ways we can
can only imagine.
Conclusion: Blockchain and Digital Twin
Twin Technology - A Match Made in Heaven
Heaven
The benefits The challenges The future
• Secure and transparent • Complexity and cost of • Opportunities for new
transparent data sharing of implementing industries and business

• sharing
Real-time tracking and blockchain and digital
monitoring of assets digital twin technology
• technology
Concerns around data
• Improved efficiency and
and accuracy in privacy and
operations management • cybersecurity
The need for ongoing
management ongoing innovation and
and evolution in
technology
models
• The potential to
revolutionize existing
industries and practices
• The need for ongoing
education and
collaboration to fully
realize the potential.
 LATEST TECHNOLOGIES
IN
OPERATIONS MANAGEMET

GROUP 4|SECTION ‘E’

SA MBH AV
M C C H YAVA N
S H A I V Y U PA D H YAY
HARSHIT JAIN
R I YA D H A N WA N I
KU M A R S H I VA M
3D PRINTING
3D Printing, or additive manufacturing, involves creating objects from a digital file by
layering material on top of itself. It allows for rapid prototyping, customization, and
flexible production.

In operations management, 3D printing has evolved from a tool primarily for

prototyping to a full-fledged manufacturing solution. It has transformed inventory
management by enabling on-demand production, thereby reducing storage costs and
waste. This shift supports lean and agile operational strategies, making it a game-
changer in modern manufacturing ecosystems.

Practical Application

Aerospace: The Indian Space Research Advantages Challenges

Organisation (ISRO) is experimenting with
3D-printed components for its spacecraft,
aiming to reduce weight and complexity.
Healthcare: Apollo Hospitals, one of India's
largest healthcare groups, has used 3D
printing for pre-surgical planning and
creating patient-specific implants.
• Cost-Effective: Lowers production costs
by minimizing waste and reducing the
need for molds and prototypes.
• Flexibility: Quick and easy to change
designs or produce custom parts.
• Material Limitations: Limited range of
materials that can be used.
• Technical Expertise: Requires specialized
knowledge to operate and maintain the
printers.
Autonomous Vehicle
Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) are self-driving cars, trucks, or drones that operate without
human intervention. They use a combination of sensors, machine learning, and control
systems to navigate and perform tasks.

Autonomous vehicles have evolved from being mere concepts in research labs to
integral parts of smart logistics and supply chain systems. They've transitioned from
pilot projects to commercial deployments, aiding in real-time inventory tracking and
dynamic route optimization for deliveries.

Practical Application
Logistics and Warehousing: Companies like
GreyOrange and Addverb Technologies are
employing autonomous mobile robots for
sorting, picking, and transporting items,
increasing efficiency in warehousing operations.
Mining: Some mining companies are using
autonomous trucks and drilling equipment to
enhance safety and productivity in hazardous
working conditions.
Advantages
• Efficiency: Operates 24/7, increasing
productivity.
• Safety: Reduced risk of human error in
driving, potentially decreasing
accidents.
Challenges
• Regulatory Hurdles: Many countries are
yet to establish a legal framework for
AVs.
• High Initial Cost: Investment in
technology and infrastructure is
significant.
Latest Technologies in Group 5
Operations Anand S -2023227
Asmita D-2023230
Management Atif Hussain-2023231
Gaurav Agrawal-2023234
Jebin George-2023238
Sangeeth KM-2023261
 Internet of Things :
• The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to the network of interconnected physical devices, vehicles,
buildings, and other items embedded with sensors, software, and connectivity, enabling them to
collect and exchange data over the internet. This technology allows objects to communicate, share
information, and be remotely controlled, leading to increased efficiency, automation, and improved
decision-making in various industries and everyday life.
• Practical Applications: 1.Smart Home: IoT devices like smart thermostats, lights, locks, and cameras
allow homeowners to control and monitor their home remotely, enhancing convenience and energy
efficiency.
2.Healthcare: Wearable devices such as fitness trackers and smartwatches collect health data like
heart rate and activity levels, helping individuals monitor their well-being. Medical equipment can also
be connected to transmit patient data to healthcare providers for remote monitoring.
Advantages: Automation, Data Insights, Remote Monitoring, Cost Saving, Real time Information,
Personalization, Sustainability.
Challenges: Security and privacy Concerns, Interoperability, scalability, Data overload, power
consumption.
Warehouse Automation:
• Warehouse automation uses technology, robotics, and software to enhance
efficiency, accuracy, and speed in warehouse tasks. It includes activities like
inventory management, order processing, and transportation. Automation employs
systems like conveyor belts, robots, and software to reduce labor costs and errors,
aiming to boost productivity and improve supply chain performance.
1.Practical Applications: AGVs (Automated Guided Vehicles): Robotic vehicles
navigating autonomously in a warehouse, moving goods between locations like raw
materials to production or finished products to shipping. AGVs use sensors and
mapping to avoid obstacles, reducing manual labor.
2.Goods-to-Person Order Picking: Automated systems retrieve items from storage
and bring them to a picking station. Workers stay put while items are brought to
them, enhancing picking efficiency by eliminating the need to move between
shelves.
Advantages: increased efficiency, higher accuracy, improved productivity, reduced
labor costs, enhanced inventory management.
Challenges: High initial investments, complex implementations, Maintenance and
technical issues, skill requirements, scalability challenges.
 NEW Technologies in
Operations Management
Group 6:
2023223 - Aastha Asati
2023225 - Abhishek Narayanan
2023242 - Lokesh Aswani
2023245 - Manan Laddha
2023265 - Shivani Gaonkar
2023277 - Balaji Charan
 AI and ML in Operations Management
Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) are transformative technologies that enable machines
to learn from data and perform tasks that traditionally required human intelligence. AI encompasses a wide
range of techniques, while ML focuses on algorithms that allow systems to improve their performance
through experience.

Practical Applications in Operations Management:

1.Demand Forecasting: AI/ML can analyze historical sales data and market trends to predict future
demand accurately. This helps operations managers to optimize inventory levels, production
schedules, and resource allocation, reducing stockouts and overstock situations.
2.Quality Control and Defect Detection: In manufacturing, AI-powered systems can analyze real-time
data from sensors and cameras to identify defects or anomalies in products. This ensures high
product quality, reduces waste, and streamlines the production process.

Advantages in Operations Management:

•AI/ML automates tasks, freeing humans for strategic work.
•Data-driven insights inform operational decisions.
•Optimized resource allocation reduces costs.
•Real-time monitoring enables agile responses to disruptions.

Challenges in Operations Management:

•Data quality/integration: AI/ML relies on accurate, consistent data from diverse sources.
•Change management: AI/ML adoption faces employee resistance and organizational shifts.
•Initial investment: Developing and deploying AI/ML involves substantial upfront costs.
•Ethical concerns: AI/ML decisions must address ethical implications and potential biases.
 ADVANCED ROBOTS
Advanced robotics are a combination of sophisticated programming and powerful hardware that
make use of smart sensor technology (including ultrasonic, touch, and light sensors) to interact with
the real world around it
PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS of advanced Robots in Operations management.

• Logistics and Warehousing: Robots are employed in warehouses to pick and pack items for shipping. They can navigate shelves,
locate products, and optimize storage space. Amazon Smart Warehouse is one such example.
• Quality Assurance: Vision systems and AI-equipped robots can inspect products for defects. They can detect imperfections that
might be missed by human inspectors, ensuring high product quality. Ex Rolls Royce uses a robot named FLARE to check quality
issues in the engines

ADVANTAGES
• Increased efficiency: Robots can work continuously without breaks, fatigue, or the need for sleep.
• Reduced labour costs: In the long run these robots eliminate the labour required for doing repetitive tasks.
• Enhanced high accuracy: These robots can perform tasks with extremely high precision, reducing errors and improving product quality
• Higher production rates: Robots can work at a consistent pace and are not subject to human limitations which leads to higher production.

Challenges
• HIGH INITIAL COSTS : Acquiring or customising a robot is no cheap task and requires a large capital.
• SKILLED WORKFORCE : Employees well versed in programming and operating are of short supply.
• MAINTENANCE AND DOWNTIME: Robots, like any complex machinery, require regular maintenance and occasional repairs.
Downtime for maintenance can disrupt operations and lead to production delays.
LATEST TECHNOLOGY IN OM
CLOUD COMPUTING AND SMART
MANUFACTURING
Arjun Patel

GROUP 7 Chitransh Pant

Pooja R
Raghul D
Rishab Shukla
Vinayak Sanjay Kaisare
CLOUD COMPUTING:
The use of cloud-based technology to deliver computing services, including servers, databases, application and services, over the internet. It has transformed the way
businesses manage their operations by providing flexible and scalable solutions to various challenges.

Practical Examples:
• Quality assurance and monitoring: By utilizing cloud connected sensors and IoT devices it
becomes possible to keep track of equipment and processes in the production area. The data
gathered from these devices can be analyzed in time allowing for maintenance and ensuring
high quality control. Eg: SimplerQMS
• Supply Chain Management: Cloud-based platforms enable real-time collaboration and data
sharing among suppliers, manufacturers, and distributors. This enhances visibility across the
supply chain, improves demand forecasting, and reduces inventory costs. Eg: Jesta Vision Suite
• Inventory Optimization: Cloud-based inventory management systems allow businesses to
monitor stock levels in real-time, automate reorder processes, and analyze historical data to
optimize inventory levels, ensuring products are available when needed without excessive
holding costs. Eg: Fishbowl
Challenges:
• Security Concerns: Cloud computing introduces new security risks,
Advantages: such as data breaches and unauthorized access, that must be
• Scalability: It allows businesses to scale their operations up or down as needed, without having addressed
to invest in additional hardware or infrastructure • Complexity: Managing cloud-based operations can be complex,
• Flexibility and Mobility: Cloud-based solutions allow employees to access operational tools and especially in multi-cloud or hybrid cloud environments, and requires
data from anywhere with an internet connection, promoting remote work and efficient specialized skills and expertise
collaboration.
SMART MANUFACTURING :
Smart manufacturing, also known as Industry 4.0 or the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), refers to the integration of advanced technologies and data analytics into the
manufacturing process to create more efficient, flexible, and interconnected production systems. It involves the use of digital technologies, real-time data, automation, and
artificial intelligence to optimize manufacturing operations and drive innovation across the entire value chain

Practical Examples:
• Smart Sensors for Quality Control: Smart sensors installed along production lines continuously
monitor product quality by measuring attributes like dimensions, weight, and material composition.

• Additive Manufacturing (3D Printing): Additive manufacturing allows the creation of complex
parts layer by layer. Smart manufacturing integrates this technology for rapid prototyping,

customization, and even producing end-use parts with reduced material waste and lead times.

Advantages: Challenges:
• Improved Efficiency: Automation and real-time data analysis streamline production processes, • High Initial Investment: Adopting smart manufacturing

reduce bottlenecks, and minimize downtime. This leads to optimized resource utilization and technologies requires significant upfront investments in new

increased overall operational efficiency. equipment, software, and training.

• Enhanced Quality: Continuous monitoring and real-time data analysis enable early detection of • Complexity and Integration: Integrating various technologies,
defects or deviations from quality standards. This leads to higher product quality and reduced legacy systems, and processes can be complex.
waste by identifying issues before they escalate. • Cybersecurity Risks: Increased connectivity exposes manufacturing
systems to cybersecurity threats.
Digital Twin
Get ready to learn about one of the most exciting technologies of the
modern era. Digital Twin is changing the way we design, build, and
maintain everything around us.

Name Roll No.

Pulkit Jain 2023255
Anushka Bhalotia 2023288
Julian Fernandes 2023239
Madhavendra Singh 2023244
Ayush Banerjee 2023232
Shubham Darda 2023266
 What is a Digital Twin?
Definition
A Digital Twin is a virtual replica of a physical
object or system. It's a digital copy that
enables real-time monitoring and analysis of
the physical counterpart.
Examples
From planes and trains to buildings and
factories, Digital Twins can be applied to
almost any physical asset. Major companies
such as GE, Microsoft, and Siemens are
investing heavily in this technology.
How it works
By integrating data from sensors, cameras,
and other sources, a Digital Twin can
simulate the behavior and performance of the
physical twin. This allows for predictive
maintenance, performance optimization, and
risk reduction.
Benefits
A Digital Twin can help organizations reduce
downtime, improve safety, and increase
efficiency. It allows for better decision-
making and collaboration across different
teams.
 Applications of
Digital Twin Smart Buildings

With a Digital Twin, building managers can

monitor energy usage, HVAC systems, and
other critical components in real-time. This
leads to cost savings and a more
sustainable operation.

Smart Manufacturing
By creating a Digital Twin of a factory or
enterprise, companies can optimize their
processes, reduce downtime, and improve
quality control.
Healthcare
By using Digital Twins to simulate patient
data, healthcare professionals can perform
realistic trials without risking patient safety.
This can lead to faster drug development
and better treatment outcomes.
Smart Cities
Digital Twins of entire cities can enable
better urban planning, traffic management,
and emergency response. It can also
improve citizens' experience and
satisfaction.
Components of Digital Twin
Simulation & Analytics

Once the virtual model is created, it can be

simulated and analyzed to predict behavior,
identify issues, and optimize performance.

1 2 3

Data Collection & Integration Visualization & Interaction

The first step in creating a Digital Twin is The final step involves creating a user-
collecting data from various sensors and friendly interface for visualizing and
sources. This data is then integrated into the interacting with the Digital Twin. This can
virtual model. include 3D models, dashboards, and alerts.
How is Digital Twin Created?
Data Capture
The first step is to capture data from physical
sensors, cameras, and other sources. This
data includes information about the object's
geometry, motion, temperature, and other
relevant parameters.
Simulation & Integration
The virtual model is then integrated into the
simulation environment, where it can be
subjected to various conditions and
scenarios. This allows for predictive
maintenance, performance optimization, and
risk reduction.
Data Processing
The data is then processed using computer
vision, machine learning, and other
algorithms to create a high-fidelity virtual
model of the physical object.
Visualization & Interaction
The final step involves creating an easy-to-
use interface for visualizing and interacting
with the Digital Twin. This allows for real-time
monitoring, performance tracking, and
collaboration across different teams.
 Advantages of Digital Twin
1 Improved
Efficiency
By using a Digital Twin,
organizations can optimize the
performance of their physical
assets, leading to cost savings
and a more sustainable
operation.
2 Better Safety 3 Faster Innovation
By using Digital Twins to
Digital Twins allow for
simulate different scenarios,
predictive maintenance and
organizations can faster
risk reduction, which can
iterate and innovate, leading
prevent accidents and ensure
to better products and
the safety of workers and the
services.
public.
Challenges with Digital Twin
Quality of Data Data Security
The quality of data from Digital Twins can create new
sensors and other sources security risks, particularly if
can vary widely, which can the virtual model is
impact the accuracy of the connected to a physical
Digital Twin. asset. Hackers can try to
manipulate the data or cause
harm to the physical object.
Complexity
Creating and maintaining a
Digital Twin can be very
complex, requiring expertise
in a variety of fields including
data science, engineering,
and simulation.
Future of Digital Twin
Robotics
As robots become more
autonomous and
interconnected, Digital Twins
will play a critical role in
ensuring their safe and
effective operation.
Space Exploration
Digital Twins can be used to
simulate and analyze critical
missions before they are
executed, ensuring their
success and safety.
Virtual Humans
Digital Twins of human bodies
can be used for drug
development, surgical
planning, and personalized
medicine.
Acknowledgements
• What is a digital twin? | IBM
• What is digital-twin technology? | McKinsey
• What is Digital Twin Technology? and What are the Benefits? |
Autodesk
• https://youtu.be/CzzLfBsD_3Q?si=AdoXWC1o_ONitAxW
• Intelligent Twin – IEEE Future Directions
Latest Technologies in O.M
Group 9, Section E : PGDM 2023-25’

WHAT ?
3D Printing or additive manufacturing is the ground
breaking technology which enables the creation of
the three-dimensional objects from a CAD model. It
can be done via various methods in which material
is deposited, joined, solidified under computer
control. The materials like plastics, liquids, grains
etc., is added layer by layer. The result is intricate,
custom-designed objects with complex geometries
that were previously difficult or impossible to
produce. It is used extensively in engineering
sector, more specifically, in the prototyping and
creating lightweight geometries.
The concept of 3D printing first appeared in Murray
Leinster’s s 1945 short story “ Things Pass By”.
However, in early 1980s, the concept of 3D printing
emerged with Chuck Hall’s patent for
stereolithography apparatus (SLA) granted I n 1986.
The first working 3D printer, SLA-1 was introduced
in 1987. He later co-founded 3D Systems
Corporation, which commercialized the technology.
3-D PRINTING
APPLICATIONS
PROS & CONS
Advantages
Rapid Prototyping: 3D printing allows for swift creation
of prototypes, enabling designers and engineers to
quickly iterate and refine their designs, reducing
development time and costs.
Challenges
Material Limitations: The range of materials suitable
for 3D printing is more limited compared to traditional
manufacturing methods, hindering its application in
certain industries that require specialized materials.
CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY
In 2022, the construction industry in India began exploring the
potential of 3D printing for sustainable and affordable housing
solutions. Aiming to address the country's housing shortage and
reduce construction costs, several startups and research groups
ventured into 3D-printed house construction. One such project was
undertaken by a Bengaluru-based startup that successfully 3D-
printed a small house using locally sourced materials. This
innovation aimed to streamline the construction process, minimize
waste, and lower the environmental impact of traditional
construction methods. The 3D-printed house showcased the
feasibility of using this technology to build cost-effective, energy-
efficient, and quickly deployable housing units, particularly in urban
and rural areas where affordable housing is a pressing concern.
INDIAN POST
India’s first 3D-printed post office was virtually inaugurated by Union
Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw in Bengaluru’s Cambridge Layout on
Friday (August 18). Its construction was completed in just 43 days.
Multinational company Larsen & Toubro Limited built the post office
with technological support from IIT Madras under the guidance of
Professor Manu Santhanam, Building Technology and Construction
Management Division, Department of Civil Engineering.

WHAT ?
Autonomous vehicles, also known as
self-driving cars or driverless cars,
are vehicles equipped with advanced
sensors, cameras, lidar, radar, and
artificial intelligence technology to
navigate and operate without human
intervention.
MARKET
1. As of 2021, the global autonomous
vehicle market was projected to
reach around $54.23 billion by 2026,
with a compound annual growth rate
(CAGR) of about 12.2% from 2021 to
2026.
2. In 2020, companies worldwide
invested approximately $7.7 billion in
autonomous vehicle technology and
development.
Autonomous Vehicles
APPLICATIONS
PROS & CONS
Advantage: Safety Enhancement
Autonomous vehicles have the potential to
significantly improve road safety by
reducing human errors, which contribute to
the majority of accidents.
Challenge: Regulatory and Legal Framework
Establishing comprehensive regulations and
legal frameworks for autonomous vehicles
is complex and varies across regions.
Ridesharing & Mobility Services
Autonomous vehicles are poised to revolutionize the
ridesharing and mobility industry. Companies like
Uber and Lyft have been exploring the integration of
autonomous vehicles into their fleets. This could lead
to on-demand transportation services without
human drivers, making ridesharing more accessible
and potentially more affordable for users. This
concept could, reduce traffic congestion, and
improve the efficiency of ridesharing services.
Transport & Logistics
The logistics and delivery industry could be transformed by
autonomous vehicles. Companies that rely on transporting
goods over long distances, such as freight trucks and
delivery vans, are exploring the use of self-driving
technology to optimize their operations. Autonomous trucks
have the potential to operate for extended periods without
human drivers, leading to faster and more consistent
delivery schedules. This could enhance delivery efficiency,
reduce delivery costs, and potentially reduce road
congestion caused by delivery vehicles.
LATEST TECHNOLOGIES

Group 10, Sec-E

Pankaj Mehta – 2023251
Vinamra Keni – 2023272
Ijnara Begum – 2023237
Shaunak Wagh – 2023264
Anany – 2023305
Abhijeet – 2023296
 Internet of Things (IoT)
What is Internet of Things
(IoT) ?
The Internet of things (IoT) describes devices
with sensors, processing ability, software and
other technologies that connect and exchange
data with other devices and systems over the
Internet or other communications networks.
The Internet of things encompasses electronics,
communication and computer science
engineering. Internet of things has been
considered a misnomer because devices do not
need to be connected to the public internet,
they only need to be connected to a network,[6]
and be individually addressable.
The Internet of Things, as a concept, wasn’t
officially named until 1999, but one of the first
examples of an IoT is from the early 1980s, and
was a Coca Cola machine, located at the
Carnegie Mellon University. Local programmers
would connect through the Internet to the
refrigerated appliance, and check to see if there
was a drink available, and if it was cold, before
making the trip to purchase one.
Kevin Ashton, MIT’s Executive Director of Auto-
ID Labs, coined the phrase “Internet of Things”
in 1999. He was the first to describe the IoT,
while making a presentation for Procter &
Gamble, but the definition of the IoT has
evolved over time.
Smart Agriculture:
In agriculture, IoT is revolutionizing farming
Advantages practices by enabling precision agriculture
and resource optimization. IoT devices such
as sensors, drones, and satellite imagery are
• Data Collection and Insights
used to monitor various factors such as soil
• Process Automation
moisture levels, temperature, humidity, and
• Improved Efficiency and Productivity
crop health. This data is collected and
• Real-time Monitoring and Control
analyzed to provide farmers with actionable
• Enhanced Customer Experiences
insights. This includes Precision Irrigation,
• Predictive Maintenance
Livestock Monitoring and Crop Management.
• Supply Chain Visibility
• Energy Efficiency
Challenges
• Security Concerns
Smart Healthcare:
• Data Privacy
• Scalability IoT is transforming healthcare by improving
• Complexity of Integration patient care, enhancing medical device
management, and optimizing hospital
• Data Management and Analytics
operations. IoT-enabled devices and systems
• Power Constraints
• Lack of Standards are enhancing patient monitoring,
diagnostics, and treatment. Examples include
• Cost of Implementations
Remote Patient Monitoring, Medical
Equipment Management, Smart Hospitals
and Drug Management.
 Warehouse Automation
What is warehouse
Automation ?
Warehouse automation is the process of
automating the movement of inventory into,
within, and out of warehouses to customers
with minimal human assistance. As part of
an automation project, a business can
eliminate labor-intensive duties that involve
repetitive physical work and manual data
entry and analysis.
In the mid-1900s, the Second Industrial
Revolution (also known as the Technological
Revolution) drove rapid growth in scientific
discoveries, mass production, and
industrialization. This growth resulted in the
initial digitization of the warehousing
system, and the first WMS, called the AS/RS
or Automated Storage and Retrieval System,
was born. In the 1960s, Demag (now known
as Dematic) developed the first Automated
Storage and Retrieval System that laid the
foundation for the Warehouse Management
System that we know today.
Advantages
• Increased Efficiency
• Improved Accuracy
• Optimized Space Utilization
• Real-time Tracking and Monitoring
• Safety Improvements
• Quick Adaptation to Demands
• Enhanced Data Insights
• Safety Improvements
• Labor Savings
Challenges
• High Initial Investment
• Complex Implementation
• Customization and Flexibility
• Employee Resistance
• Complexity of Maintenance
• Scalability Issues
• Data Security and Privacy
• Regulatory Compliance
E-commerce Fulfillment
Centers:
E-commerce companies rely heavily on
warehouse automation to manage their high
order volumes and meet customer expectations
for fast and accurate deliveries. Automation
technologies such as conveyor systems,
automated storage and retrieval systems
(AS/RS), robotic order picking systems, and
automated sorting systems play a crucial role in
e-commerce fulfillment centers. These
technologies enable efficient picking, packing,
and shipping of products, reducing order
processing times and minimizing errors.
Automotive Manufacturing
and Distribution
In the automotive industry, warehouse
automation is used to manage the complex
supply chain and distribution processes.
Automotive manufacturers and suppliers rely on
automation for tasks such as inventory
management, parts storage, and distribution to
assembly lines. Automated systems like AS/RS
and robotic picking systems are used to store and
retrieve various automotive components
efficiently.