PRIMARY HEALTH CARE

5 key elements to achieve this goal

1. Universal coverage to reduce

exclusion and social disparities in
Defining health care concepts:
health
Health care system- “an organized plan of health 2. Service delivery organized around
services” people’s needs
• Mandates of the office of the 3. Public policy that integrates health
president into all sectors
• Roles, duties and responsibilities of 4. Leadership that enhances
DOH collaboration
• Regional offices 5. Increased stakeholder participation
• Provincial health
• Municipality level
• Barangay level

Health care delivery- “rendering of health care ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OF PRIMARY

HEALTH CARE
services to the people”
1. Education concerning prevailing health
Health care delivery system- “network of health
problems and the methods of
facilities and personnel which carries out the
task of rendering health care to the people; identifying, preventing, and controlling
them
referral of your patient from one health care
2. Locally endemic disease prevention
institution to another
and control
The Philippine health care system has rapidly 3. Expanded program of immunization
evolved with many challenges through time. Health against major infectious diseases
service delivery was devolved to the Local 4. Maternal and child health care
Government Units (LGUs) in 1991, and for many including family planning
reasons, it has not completely surmounted the 5. Essential drugs arrangement (generic
fragmentation issue
name, dosage, frequency use)
Primary Health Care- Essential health care 6. Nutritional food supplement, an
based on practical, scientifically sound, and adequate supply of safe, and basic
socially acceptable methods and technology nutrition
made universally acceptable 7. Treatment of communicable and non-
communicable disease and promotion
Primary Health Care
of mental health
• Deals with social policy which targets health 8. Safe water and sanitation
equity
• Ultimate goal: better health for all Other elements include:

- Expanded options of immunization

- Reproductive health needs
- Provision of essential technologies for
health
 - Health promotion
- Prevention and control of non-
communicable diseases
- Food safety and provision of selected
food supplements
Principles of Primary Health Care
- Basic objectives to launch and sustain
primary health care as part of the
comprehensive health system:
1. Improve the level of health care of the
community
2. Promote favorable population growth
structure
3. Reduce the morbidity and mortality rates
especially among infants and children
4. Reduce prevalence of preventable,
communicable, and other diseases
5. Improve basic sanitation
6. Extend essential health services especially
to the underserved sectors
7. Develop the capability of the community to
become self-reliant
8. Encourage the contribution of other sectors
to the social and economic development of
the community
9. Provide equitable distribution of health care
10. Ensure community participation and monitor
adequacy and distribution of health workers
11. Recognize that the formal health sector
needs other sectors in the promotion of
health
12. Use appropriate technology which are
accessible, feasible, affordable, and culturally
acceptable to the community
Management of Primary Health Care (Functions
of Health Care managers)
• Planning- setting priorities and determining
performance targets; managers are usually
required to set a direction and determine
what needs to be accomplished
• Organizing- designing the organization or the
specific division, unit, or service for which
the manager is responsible
• Staffing- acquiring and retaining human
resources, and developing and maintaining
the workforce through various strategies and
tactics
• Controlling- monitoring staff activities and
performance and taking the appropriate
actions for corrective actions to increase
performance
• Directing- initiating action in the organization
through the effective leadership, motivation,
and communication of managers
Management principles in relation to organizing
function
1. Authority, responsibility, and
accountability
2. Centralization, decentralization, and
formalization
3. Staffing
Organizing principle #1
• Authority- formal and legitimate right of a
manager to issue orders, make decisions,
and allocate resources to achieve desired
outcomes of the organization
o Types of authority
▪ Line authority- manager issue
orders to their subordinates
and are also responsible for
results
▪ Functional authority- have the
power only over specific set
of activities
▪ Staff authority- given to
specialists in their areas of
expertise
• Responsibility- duty of employee to
perform the assigned tasks
 • Accountability- reporting and justification
of task outcomes to higher management
by those in authority
Organizing principle #2
• Centralization- refers to the
concentration of planning and decision-
making to the top of the organization
• Decentralization- delegation of planning
and decision making to the lower
branches of the organization
• Formalization- a written document
provided for the direct control of the
employees
Organizing principle #3
• Staffing
o Acquiring and retaining human
resources, and developing and
maintaining the workforce through
various strategies and tactics
o Assign individuals to respective
positions identified in the
management plan
o Assess required competencies
through:
▪ Determination of the
competencies and qualifications
▪ Recruit of qualified personnel
▪ Improve existing services and
programs
PHILIPPINE HEALTH CARE SYSTEM - is a
complex set of organizations interacting to
provide an array of health services. The mission
of the DOH, in partnership with the people to
ensure equity, quality and access to health care:
- by making services available- by arousing
community awareness- by mobilizing
resources- by promoting the means to better
health
Levels of Public Health Care Delivery in the
Philippines
• Primary
o Municipal health office
o Rural health units
o Health centers
o Barangay health stations
• Secondary
o Provincial health office
o District hospitals
o Emergency hospitals
o Provincial medical centers
• Tertiary
o National hospitals
o Regional hospitals
o National medical centers
DIVISIONS OF HEALTH CARE DELIVERY SYSTEM
1. Government/Public sector
▪ largely financed through a tax-based
budgeting system at both national (DOH)
and local levels (LGUs) and where health
care is generally given free at the point of
service
▪ DOH is mandated as the lead agency for
health
▪ Has regional office in every region
2. Private sector
▪ hospital, health insurance, manufacturer of
medicines and vaccines, clinics, and other
related health services
▪ for profit and non-profit providers, largely
market-oriented
▪ health care is paid through user fees at the
point of service
DOH serves as the main governing body of knowledge, facilities, and personnel to
health services in the country. treat effectively

• Provides guidance and technical

assistance to LGUs through the Center for
Health Development in each of the 17
regions
• Provincial governments are responsible
for administration of provincial and
district hospitals
• Municipal and city governments are in-
charge of primary health care through
RHUs

LEVELS OF HEALTHCARE FACILITIES

❖ PRIMARY
▪ First contact between the community and
different health workers such as doctors,
nurses, midwives in a barangay health
center
▪ Caters to patient with minor supervision
▪ Includes malaria eradication units,
Schistosomiasis control units operated by
DOH, tuberculosis clinics and hospitals
❖ SECONDARY
▪ Smaller, non-departmentalized hospitals
which involves municipal, district,
provincial, emergency, and regional
hospitals
▪ Serves as referral center with basic
training and can perform minor surgeries
and some laboratory analysis
▪ Contains all the elements in the primary
level
❖ TERTIARY
▪ Highly technological and sophisticated
services offered by medical centers and
large hospitals
▪ These are specialized national hospitals
with high level of specialty intervention
▪ Services rendered at this level are for
clients afflicted with diseases which
seriously threaten their health, and which
require highly technical and specialized