.

COUP
OF THE 1884
LEADERS
despite
d we11 on its way
de m iza tio n o f Korea appeare w as cre-
l88os the mo , A new office
In the ear\y g e sentiments
. K mu amun)
deep-seatedantiforeign and antichan trade affairs (Tongrn i
the and
arge of foreign l 88l to observe
and study
at e d m. 188o to take ch se to Japan in
nt
o ty-eightstudents
A delegahon of sixty-tw men wasthat country . A group ofthir
m me
zauon prole cts a ataboutthe sa
vanous moderm ofK mYunsik (1835 → 9 22) wentto Chin
' it calle tl1e
d
under tl1e direc �
tio l. A new army un
l
Western-Sty le ar se na
officer was
and learn at a d a Japanese
time to work w as cr ea;ed in 1881, an
gigu n) dern arrn s,
New SKills Force (pyol witl1 imported mo

：
•
'
叩s equlpp e d

＇
to a rnutiny by

，
eh te co
Inv1ted to tram
th ls
of th e Ne w SKllls Forc lede
i
ation im n ·favor d a high offic a1
Overt discrimin mutineers kille

そl←←
J
l8 8 2, Th e
ditional army un
its in d returned

J
soldie[S .l n tra anese legation, an

』て 179
atta cke d the }ap
ofQueen Min, overnmentapp
ealed

_ -
and close relatwe officials mtheg

i9←
n fac tio n d
to power. Th e Mi ded quickl a n y,

H .J {
the Taewongun . China resp on

n ' 1U •
ra in, . for h elp re an
tra由tlOnal suze m ster entrustedwIt
h Ko
to China, the fa cto foreign Inim
(l年9 ), th e de
in part bvby th e desire to
Li Hongzhang oul, motivate d
＇ -
•• 01
tro op to Se ntion
e thousan d Chinese in rve te
s
affairs, sent thre of ap an in 1 Korea. The ms of
g influen ce n, ter
check the growin
�
p eri or status vis ・ふ:is Korea in _
n a's su d e th
disp1a y of Chi . chinese troops not only que lle
was an unusual nsl llp .
tributary re1atio e years in
t11 e centuries-o ld t the next thre
d the Ta ewも ng un, who spen Ko rea had
'ybut also capture pemng of
mubn le nt ch all enge to the o a-
�n China. The
first vio status in contr
captivity m as ser tio n o f C hina's suzeramin on s
i g1mrous , nationa\ relati
clearly faile d. But the v1 ua lity in modern inter
ncip le o fsoverelgneq nmen t movement
��-�ti�n of the pri on the pat
h o f the en1ighte had
cast a shadow of unceItamty up he advocates of enhghtenment now
a m on g t s. Th ey
ore radical reform
in Korea. The m te rve nti on as well as mo dern
from Chinese in ce (Tongnip Tang) or
the
to seek freedom ty for independen
n as eit her the par
came to be know
ehwa Tang).
ligh nment (Ka
te
party for en
 KimOkkyunandh ii
syoungc omra
desint h
ei nd
r
efe
rredtoastheprogr心sives i
nW e
sternli
ter
ature
—
epe~dence party sometimes A
llo
fth
ena
tion
'sfi
nan
ciala
ff
ai
rss
hou
ldbepla
cedund
ert
hejur
isd
ict
ion
tocarryouttheirdua
lo bj
e ctive
s.I — solicited J
apaneseas
sis
ta nc
e o
fth
eMini
st
ryofF
inanceanda
llo
the
rof
fic
ese
ngag
edinf
ina
nci
alaf
fa
irs
nlat
e1884t heY s
u ccee ded inoccu
roy
alpalacewiththehel pying 恥 shouldbea b
olish
ed.
elpof onehundredandfif
toproclaimas er
iesof t
yJapane set roopsandproceeded 1
3. Mini
stersand c
ounci
lor
sa r
etomeetdai
lyat 出e c
abin
ethalinside 出e p
l a
l-
sweep ingrefor
mm ea
su re
s;aI i
is
t of t
h e
ir e
arl
v
pres
entedh e
re.B utth Ydaec
res si
s acetoenactandimplem
entordin
ance
s.
eo ustedMinf a
ctio
ncoun te
rattac kedw it
ht
th
reet ho
u sa
ndChi hehelpo f Af
ls i
n ecur
eo f
fic
e;otherthantheSixMinistri
esshouldbea bol
ished,
mesetroop s
,b r
ingin
gt hethree-da
y- oId reform
埓•
t
oab loodyend. g
o v
ernment andm in
ister
sandc o
unci
llor
sshal
lcoll
ect
iv e
lydeli
bera
teandmaked e
ci-
Thef a
ilur
eo fthe1
88 s
10n
s.
4c oupb rough
tb a
ckt heMi (
Fro
mKa
psi
nil
lo
k,i
nKimO
kky
unc
Mni
iP,p
p.9
5-9
6;HKK]
ti
me.Perha Ingo vemmentfo rth
. psmorei mpo
rtant,itu s
hered.
inad ecadeo fChi eseco nd
p
erson
ifie
db ytheoverbe
aringChi nesepredominan c
e
meseagen
ti nKorea,YuanS hik
ai
(185炉9o6).
PAK YONGHYO: MEMORI
AL O N DOMESTIC POLITICAL REFORMS

KIM OKKYUN:
KAPSIN REFORM EDICT
PakY on ghyo(186已939) wa
sak e
ypart
ici
pan
tint he1884coup_whooccu-~i-edhi~h
Thi
ss e
lec
tio
ncontai
ns positi
onsi nchargeofm
i l
ita
ryandpo
liea
c ff
ai
rsint h
es ho
rt
-liv
edr e
gime.Whent he
byth
eP sy
nops
esofthei
fr
sts
etofde
ec
ci
s
i
I
SI
Onsmadeon5D
ro
gre
ssi
vegover
nment,
f ecer
nber13
34 ;;~;essive gover~mentf
el
l
,h efl
e
d.t
oJapa
n,w he
reh esta
_y
ed,
_in~e~rup~~db:ab ri
ef
ollo
wingth
eco u
pbyKirnOkk jou;neyt otheUnitedSta
tes
,unti
l18
94
.F o
llowi
ngt h
eo ut
breakofth~ Sino-~apanese
I
tisinclu
dedinth yunandh
iscol
lea
gue
s.
eKap
sinill
ok(Di
iar
yofthe188
4C ou
p )wr
itt
enb
l
arg
elyontheba
sisofh
i yKir
nO kk
yun, ~Var,h~w aspardonedandretu
rne
dhometohighcabine
tpos
itio
nsinthepr~-J_apane~e
i
srec
oll
ect
ion
s,whi
leii
nself
-imp
osedex
il
einJap
an. refo;mistgo;er
nment
.S usp
ecte
dofco
mpli
cit
yinaplotagai
nstQueenM in,~aks ought
1
. TheT a e
w<Sng uns houl db refugei nJapanfo
rthes e
condtim
ein18
95andd i
dn otret
urntoKoreauntil 叩7·
er ep
atriatedprompt l
y.Th eemptyf o
rmal
itiesof
thetributa
ryrrel
el at・
i ons
hipwi t
hChi inas h
ouldb eabolis
hed. Whatc onstitu
tesble
ssi
ngf oranati
on?Togovern 出e nat
ionso 出a~ itwilb ep ros:
ｷ Th
2 eruleofp ow erf ulcl
;ns
(munbo l
)s houldb eabolished• E
qualrightsof perousands t
rong,togain 出e p
eop
le'
sc on
fidenceso 出atthey 而ll beatpeac ea n
d
thepeop l
ea ret ob ee n
actedi nt
ol aw.Ap ・
s
houl dbeb asedonp
pom tmentst ooffi
cia
lp o
sition
s ~ontented, t
orev
ita
liz
;e duc
ation
,tofac
il
ita
tecommun ic
at ionbetween 出egovern:
ers
onalquali
fication
s,andnoo ffi
cial
beusedt orewa r dunqua p o
siti
onshould mentand 出e p eo
ple,toe n
ableever
yonetokeephisp ro
perstati~n insodety:,a~d
li
fiedpersons.
todot hesef o
ryea
rsw i
tho u
tceas
ing-ti
1esewi
lle n
su r
eb l
essing
sf orete
rni
ty.I ft
i1e

~
3.Thel andtaxl a ws h
ouldb erefor
medt h

‘
rou gh outthec ount r
ytoprevent nat
i onisind ecli
neandw eake
ning
,r ei
nvi
gor
atei t
....O ur dyn
as t
y's su
rvival or
offic
ialc
：~
orruptio nandt oa
oa m
me
e
ll
i
ioratet hep
←」←
eop l
e'ssufferi
nga sw e
lla sto d~~i~e:·it
sp -r
osp
eri
tyord ecli
ne,;1
1depe~d ont heproprietyori mpropriet yof
~~ovidea dequate lyf orpublicuse. L~

4
ｷ Theo ffic
eo feun u chs( i
tsg o vernanc
e.
n
aesibu
)s h
o uldbea b o
l i
shed,ando n
lytalented Ala s
,Y ourMajes tycamet ot h
et hronea f
te
rt h
ed ecli
nehads e
t_i n_a:
1dti1~
eunuch sshouldb ea pp
ointedt0go vern me
nto f
fic
es.
5
._ C
or r
upta ndgr ee dyp e
.rs
onswhoh aveseriou
slyharmedt hen ati
onshoul d
nat·i~~-,hadb
~i;h~ d t~ b
ri
e
n
en·pl~nged i
gabou t;ecov
n
e
r
t
y
ot
.Y
u
e
rm
tt
o
i
1
il
.Youh
ingshav
a
en
veworrie~ d
o
tw orkedou
a
t
yan~ ~ight a~d
,andt hep e
ople
bep u
nished.
6. Theg r
ainl oans y st emint hep
orovi andt h
en ati
onarei ngreaterd i
str
ess...
.
rovincess h
oul db eabol
i shedfore
ver
.
ｷ
?ThePalaceLibrary(Ky yu
uj
ja
ngg a
k)ist obea bolis hed.
Toq u ot
ef romfu;c lassi
csanda ncienthis
tor
ies
,Menciuss ai?
:," The
_re1is
8ｷ A
f¥n ewsy s
temo fp o] fat~e;t -in yourkitchen,andi li
erearew el
l-fe
dh o
rsesi~ you:st~~les; y
ett he
polii ce(
sunsa)sh oul
db
thi
1e
very. epromp tlyest
ablishedtoprevent peop lelook,
hungry,andi nth eout
skirt
so ftl
1ecit
y_men~'.op deadf r omsta
rvaｭ
9.The0 ffic
efortheBene
fit o
fTrade(H ~ion·. T
hisistole~d thean im
al sinf uedevouringofmen."'
yesangkongguk)[
i.
e.
,thePeddl
er
's H~w ~an Yo u
rM ajestyn otl earnf romt h
esee ve
ntsb u
l,c on te n
ti nf ue
OfficeJshouldbeaboli
shed.
se clu dedsaf
etyoft hepala~e, da
ilyindulgeine l
egantpasti
mesi nthecompany
1
0
. ~~ile~ andimpriso
nedpersonsshou
ldb
erele
asedaft
erre
vie
w. o fco ur
tiers
,o bl
ivioustot h
es uffer
ingsoft h
ep eop
lei nthest
r e
et?• -•
1
1
. Thef ourmilit
arycommandsi nthecap
ital(sayon
g)shoul
db eamalga
m-
at
edi ntoo n
e.Ar oy
alguardu ni
tc o
ns1stm
go fsol
die
rssel
ecte
dfro~ th
e
milita
rycomm a
ndsho~ld beest
abli
shedwithoutdela
y.
.
1Mencius 込：4 (
Leg
ge
,vo
l
.2,p
.13
3.
)