Pernice of vuleanizing lamber for curing, preserving, strengthening, and beat | practical tests of the severest nature for eight or ten years, now claims ty over any and every other method. Docess isthe simplest and most practical of all known methods. The wood is }to an intense degree of heat suficient to change into liquid form all its constitu: the fibre, while a high atmospheric pressure confines this liquid within, and loses the pores of the fibre. The germ of decay is killed by this intense heat, and a chemical change is produced, which chemical analysis proves to be nei the ereation ofan incomparable antiseptic and preservative compound nto which g but the natural elements ofthe wood enter. There is wo Anown Limit to the age of “vulcanized” wood, as it has withstood the f time, climate, heat, moisture, atmospheric influences, and every other adverse vt ”y Form constriction the slight increase in contin ut tie tothe loss ecasioned ‘of renewals, to say nothing of labor and cost of new stock. is about $10 per thousand fet. ‘ill Boor, that are subjected to hard and constant wear by moving heavy mer this process is especially desirable, as * vulcanized " lumber will not “brush up” And is rendered much more dense than by other proceses. THE HASKIN WOOD VULCANIZING CO.,Edward Atkinson, Esq. writes this letter to one of the m facturers Mutual Fire Insurance Co. BOSTON MANUFACTURERS MUTUAL FIRE INSURANCE CO. 81 Mille Street Bostox, April “Dear Sirs reply to your inquiry regarding the socalled “voleaniing” process af timer, | would say, that it seems to be a process by which the albumen and other parts of ‘wood which are subject to fermentation, and thereby promote decay, to the destruction of the seer vert by heat into-a condition in which they cannot ferment; the germ or ferment destroy In this baked or completely seasoned condition they appear to be maintained within apparently giving it greater strength and greater density, with, of ours, ‘much Ie in the humidity of the atmosphere to which timber itself, Tiabilty to swell and shrink under the changes i plank may be exposed. ‘We have as yet no positive experience within the range of our awn members; but, from 1 should say that all manufacturers who investigation that I have thus been able to make, dient to lay foors either upon or near the ground, oF who must subject onstant saturation with wate, or who mast make use of timber ad plank in bullaing like dye ho and bleacheries, of which floor and roof are subjected to the maximum of humniity,— will find in the vulcanized" timber a very much more durable material than has ever yet been pls their disposal, Reserving our absolute judgment until through time and experience under: imeration, we may be able to sustain these views, I give them to you for what they maybe neccessary oF expe ‘on our primary investigation of the subject, ‘Yours very truly,NOISHANL “HW AON AW AVR ANAM SUSIE aAOMY AME ost “s9}9q 10 SOU, ON “S99C1 40 SOUL ON ‘sap 20 siouy ON oxrweonag amig aoreng auuqaedaq — Aa 1 giles ssi.304% and 5" e Sample was approximately one square inch’ A. 3 Inch Samples. A. Natural, crushed at 5.3001 A. Vuleanized, erushed at » 1 650% B < e ow re . Average, §:900 Ib. Bg lnch Samples. A. Natural, crushed at 5100 1b, A. Vuleanized, crushed at Rees s8oo* B “ : ©. sso" G “ Average, $483 Ib C5 Inch Samples. A. Natural, crushed at 6500 1b, A. Vulcanized, crushed at Sli 6000" € ae 6 ¢ ose? aa a Average, 6.333 Bb ‘Average all compression tests, Natural = Vilaniaed 7294 * Increase, 1,394 Ib=2: a New York, Sever F, Hasxon, General Manager ty Duar Sit "The imestigation of the lection resistance of your samples wos“ toon so nea competed ad with sch god result that 1 hase roped wens ars mah a nigleeacpion, very gray ioe by the proc iar woos propre for tests, ad have ad the resistance of the wea menureds ith the follwing reins — Common Spacers the timer the resitance after bring vleaniand ‘wire Oak by your teatment,acqites twice the nome invest has White Pig seated, has thee and three-quarters {iat in posse bythe untreated mod Yellow Pin san exception, ‘yy treatment in the proportion of nearly fve to one. Cherry has one to the passage of the electric current after treatment that it ‘ack Oak for comparison, and cannot give the figure f8 s00n as completed. Meanwhile, this will probably be ‘Fespectfully yours, RH. THURSTON, ie oergr Oak is an enormously better nonconductor than either of the other woods. {corr} SCHOOL OF MINES, COLUMBIA COLLEGE. 449ti St. ax 41H Ave, New Yous, Feb. 25, 1890. Thave examined the sample of Oak wood, preserved by your process, which you < Aifind that iis erly ciferent from the orignal wood, of which 1 als examined 2 sample The treatment to which the Oak has been exposed has effected a radical chemical change in its anit ow contains 11.9 of marin met of whch have rea from the stn ot STbese have naccoded in sjaatng ito Nesta Oe, Tunes oases iiss one Bese Ace eer bn me ‘ a ‘Avery considerable portion of this 14.914 of mater coms of antcye and preservative GAs ich wil ct to protec the word from deanpostion and decry They have she fhanged the appesrance of the won, producing wiat would hate ohervise rere slong BRS ta eects ees noe Soca en stre colored storecey ot SS wr et a hen pes oa “Ii conclusion 1 would sy, that your process seems to be a enarkbly simple and effective one foe improving the appearance, and very greatly increasing the urablt, of timber, and protecting rom the agencies which result in destroying, by decay, tier which has ot hen treated Very since © F. CHANDLER, Pu. D, To Mr, Suwon, Eas, cE from report dated April 24. 1890, of Captain Henry Erhen, U. S. Na who was ‘chairman of the board appointed to investigate the vulcanizing process. ‘ard made a test to satisfy itself as to whether the heat to which the wood is subjected Ne fibre or makes it bite. . Jong and one inch cross section were sawed from the same plank, Some then vulcanized and the rest left in thee natural condition, One strip of cach king strain by successively suspending. weights to one end, the other end 1 observing the corresponding defections of the weighted end from the following are the results:{tis thas evident that, at least, the treatment fas not injured the: the contrary, has slightly increased it and this result agrees with the test at [core] Me, Hanny S, Srevens, General Manager, “The Haskin Wood Vuleanizing Co, No. 4o Wall Street, New York: following — 1 procured a Yellow Pt “The alternate sections "A and “AT then had submitted to the vueaniaing ‘ovat your Works, Nineteenth Street and. Avenue B, this City the remaining sections sux being subjected to the process, But kept in thir natural state, 1 then made a eae tothe treated snd untreated sections I fn that the treatment has produced a radical change in the chemical compasition of The moisture has been largely eliminated, the percentage of resinous matter Zin thealbuminows substance coagulated, preventing the decomposition of the wood by atmosphere changes - ‘This change in the chemical composition produces even more marked results in & properties of the woad, as shown in the tests made by Prof. R.H. Thurston and Me. A. Fe ithe Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, N. iy these comparisons, Iam forced t0 the conchison that the wood treated proces is vastly superior to the untreated forall constructive purposes. 4 ‘ery respectlly your, S (core) MANHATTAN RAILWAY COMPA Curr Even Col SE Hasxn 42 Wall Street, New York Citytions of decay at the end of those planks which were vuleanized, while the placed on the structure about the same time, are decayed! at the ends or where ed to the supporting timbers. Iam inclined to think the process of vulcanizing will soon the best way of preserving timber. Very respectfully yours, (Signed) ROBERT 1. SLOAN, Chief Engineer [core] February 7, 1890, Brooklyn Navy Yard, Brooklyn, N.Y. Deer Sir: Replying to your enquiry of the 4th inst. relative to vuleanized” timber, it gives "me pleasure to submit the following facts --— ‘The first lot of cross tes, §” x 8° x 8’ long, we had vulcanized February 10, 1883; the next lo, | Qetober, 1883; the next lot, in September and October, 1884 ; the next of guaed ral 6” x 8" x 40 | it length, and at the same time a lot of slatting 2" x 6" x 24’ and. 30! long: all of which ie today ie “the track. We had about a millon fect treated at that time. These tis and slatting were placed alongside f untreated timber, and today the treated ties are just as sound and swect as though they had just come from the tree tis important, however, that timber treated by this process (YELLOW PINE) should be from | thapped trees and free from shakes and sap, otherwise it & hardly worth the while to tveat it The Yellow pine timber obtained from North Carolina and other points in the South where turpentine Is made, has been so drained of resin that good job of vulcanizing cannot be done Ham of the opinion, after comparing other methals of treating timber with the vulcanizing ‘process that the latter is superior to all others : Respectfully. yours, (Signed) FL K HAIN, General Manager. Capt Hrexny Exnis, U.S. N, March 45, 1890 Room 37, PO. Buling, City. Wy Dear Sir: Replying to yours f the Gen inst, in answer to the questions contained therein, | relative to “vulcanized wood, 1 have to reply as follows “To your frst questions,“ Do you use it exlsively and in preference to any other kind of wo that are daily made onthe elevated ras?” I answer in the afirmative second question, What approximately, isthe amount nf this wwe anally sed for woch mT eefer you to the accompanying statement. ‘From your experience de you consider tha t withstands better the deteriorating inucnce ‘eat and sn, than ther prepared woods or toed tn is mitral rate” fis (Signed) PK HAIN, General. Manager.Mr. H. S. Stevens, General Manager, “The Haskin Wood Vuleanzing Co. ‘40 Wall Street, New York City. ‘Dear Sir+ Yn veply to your inquiry regarding my opinion upon your proc the purpose of preserving wood from decay, etc, and especially with reference t0 wna tes which were treated by your Company's process, and laid in the tracks of Ur this company in the spring of 1884, having been in constant use and exposed to the the elements, and subjected to extraordinary wear and tear, T have to say, that on the wi March, 1851, Thad two of sai tes taken up for the purpose of making an examination dion and was much surprised to find them in a perfect state of preservation, and sre new ties, so far as weat was concerned, the spikes having held firmly as they were During my experience in the railroad business, of over forty years during which ‘used all kinds of timber in railroad work, and have tried the various kinds of t reservation of timber from decay, Iam free to state that T have never found any howe such a satisfactory result; and I believe your process of vuleanizing will increase ¢he of timber atleast fifty per cent "The remaining ties that were treated by your Company's process are im the same place taid and from present indieations they seem good for seven yenrs more service, Tnconchasion I would say, that I think it would be to the interest of any company using: which is exposed to the elements to at least give this process a trial, as they could not fail Convinced of its effectiveness. ‘Yours respectfully, (Signed) ROBT. WHITE, Supervivor of Tracks and [corr] STATE OF NEW YORK. Crry ap Coury of New Yors, s5 Jonx Darney, being duly sworn, deposes and says: — “That he was in the employ of the New York Central and Hudson River during the year 188, and that he has Been in the employ of said Company since, employ of sad Company. hatin the spring of 1884 he assisted in laying, in the tracks of said Railroad switch yard of said Company, in the City of New York, six (6) Yellow Pine railway tes the was informed and believes had been subjected to a process of preserving known 28 tnd then caried on at the vuleanzing plant at the foot of Nineteenth Street and East to thie deponent’s knowledge said ties remained in said tracks and were in constant ‘nth day of March, 1891, when two of said ties were taken up in the presence of said fouind to be in sound condition and a perfect state of preservation, That four (4) in the yar of said Railroad Company, and still n ust, and are i a sound condition Ms, Robert White, Supervisor of Tracks and Repairs of Grand Central Station). knowledge sak tes, while in sid tracks, were fully exposed to the inary wear and tear. (Signed) ‘Sworn to before me this 26th day of March, 189} ‘A LANSING BAIRD, ‘Notary Public, NV. Co.