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Electronics
Quarter 2 – Module 4:
Integrated Circuits
Electronics – Grade 10 Electives
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 2 – Module 4: Integrated Circuits
First Edition, 2020

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Electronics
Quarter 2 – Module 4:
Integrated Circuits
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Electronics – Grade 10 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on

Integrated Circuits!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators

both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in
helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while
overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration
their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies
that will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist
the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

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For the learner:

Welcome to the Electronics – Grade 10 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on

Integrated Circuits!

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a
learner is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant
competencies and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in
your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities
for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be
enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an active
learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in
the module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link

the current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of

the lesson. This aims to help you discover
and understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentence/paragraph to be filled into process
what you learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will

help you transfer your new knowledge or

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 skill into real life situations or concerns.

Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your

level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given

to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of
the lesson learned. This also tends retention
of learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in

developing this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of
the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning
and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

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 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written to help you understand the basic concepts
of integrated circuits and appreciate their applications in electronic devices that
you use daily.

At the end of this module, you are expected to:

1. Explain how integrated circuits work.

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 What I Know

Encircle the letter of the BEST answer.

1. What is the other name for an integrated circuit?

a. Chocolate
b. Chip
c. Cookie
d. Cream
2. The four components that are most used in an IC are:
a. diodes, resistors, inductors, and capacitors
b. diodes, transistors, resistors, and inductors
c. diodes, transistors, resistors, and capacitors
d. transistors, resistors, inductors, and capacitors
3. What is an integrated circuit replacing?
a. Amplifiers
b. Inductors
c. Vacuum Tubes
d. Light Emitting Diodes (LED)
4. Why was integrated circuit made?
a. To make devices bigger.
b. To make circuits more sophisticated and complex.
c. To add more wiring in the system.
d. None of the above.
5. What does the Moore’s Law state?
a. The number of transistors per square inch on an integrated circuit doubles
every 2 years.
b. The number of transistors per square inch on an integrated circuit triples every
2 years.
c. The number of transistors per square inch on an integrated circuit quadruples
every 2 years.
d. The number of transistors per square inch on an integrated circuit reduce into
half every 2 years.
6. Which is NOT true about integrated circuits?
a. It requires less power.
b. ICs are energy efficient.
c. It can be used in high voltage.
d. All of the above.
7. What are the components of the integrated circuit made of?
a. n-type semiconductors

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 b. p-type semiconductors
c. npn semiconductors
d. pn-junctions
8. Integrated circuit is mainly made up of what material?
a. Bismuth
b. Silicon
c. Phosphorous
d. Selenium
9. How do digital integrated circuits work?
a. It collects signals from the environment and process them into something
useful.
b. It uses Boolean Algebra in the form of logic gates.
c. Digital integrated circuits amplify voltages.
d. None of the above.
10. Which of the following is an application of integrated circuits?
a. Air-conditioning unit
b. Refrigerator
c. Smartphone
d. All of the above
11. Which is among the following is linear?
a. Timers
b. Memory
c. Processors
d. Logic gates
12. Which of the following is logic?
a. Amplifiers
b. Oscillators
c. Microprocessors
d. Voltage regulators
13. Which is TRUE about RAM?
a. Cheap.
b. Memory is temporary.
c. Data cannot be written over.
d. All of the above.
14. ROM stands for
a. Read-Only Memory
b. Read-Once Memory
c. Read-Overwrite Memory
d. Random-Only Memory
15. What is the function of an analog integrated circuit?
a. Produce variable voltages.
b. Amplify variable voltages.
c. Respond to variable voltages.
d. All of the above.

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Lesson

1 Integrated Circuits

In the previous modules, you have been familiarized with several

components that can be introduced in an electronic circuit. You have also learned
that characteristics, functions and applications of semiconductors such as diodes
and transistors. To further maximize their potential in the field of electronics, those
components can be combined to produce another device. This device served as a
catalyst in the electronics technology revolution. Now, let us explore integrated
circuits.

What’s In

You have learned different electronic components in the previous modules.

An integrated circuit is composed of a combination of those components. Your task
is to identify the electronic components that make up the integrated circuit. Select
your answer from the box. Write your answer on the space provided.

Capacitor Transistor Conductive Diode Resistor

Pathway

1. _____________________________

2. _____________________________

3. _____________________________

4. _____________________________

5. _____________________________

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 What’s New

The patent of the integrated circuit was approved on April 25,1961 in Palo
Alto, Canada. The creator of this device is Robert Noyce. A month after that same
year, President John F. Kennedy announced that the United States of America was
going to the moon. But National Aeronautics and Space administration, popularly
known as NASA, had no idea how to get to the moon. They know that they need
computers to make the mission possible. The problem is they need to shrink a
computer as big as a room into a box.

What do you think made the challenge of President Kennedy possible?

Explain your answer briefly.
____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________
_

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 What is It

What exactly is an integrated circuit?

As mentioned earlier, integrated circuit is a bite-sized circuit which is

composed of capacitors, diodes, resistors, transistors and conductive pathways.
Integrated circuit is more popularly called as “microchip” or simply “chip.” It
replaces the bulky vacuum tubes. Those components are all placed in a single chip
of silicon crystal which is as small as your fingernail. Take note that it is not the
usual circuit that you know where components are installed on a circuit board. In
integrated circuits, the components are embedded directly in the silicon crystal.
How many of capacitors, diodes, resistors and transistors are there in a single
chip?

The number of components in a single chip may vary. It can be just few or it
can reach up to hundreds of thousands. Modern chips have millions or even
billions of these components. How does this happen? The secret is by making the
components using n-type and p-type. This means that a single chip also contains
numerous amounts of pn-junctions. The components are combined in an
aluminum plating. Some advanced computers have about at least three billion
transistors in a single piece of chip.

Integrated circuits (ICs) comes in three forms: analog, digital, and

analog/digital forms. Analog ICs (Linear) produce, amplify or respond to variable
voltages. Examples of linear include amplifiers, comparators, oscillators,
operational timers, and voltage regulators. Digital ICs (logic) respond to or produce
signals having only two voltage levels (high or low). Logic includes logic gates,
memories, processors, binary counters, encoders, and decoders. The use for ICs
varies wildly depending on the purpose. Some examples are, microcontrollers in
computers, audio amplifier, and computer memory. There are thousands of other
possibilities.

What are the advantages of using ICs in electronic devices?

1. Compactness
ICs reduce the overall size of an electronic device since they are very small.
This makes ICs more economic in terms of space. The design of ICs is ergonomic.
You can observe this in flat screen televisions, radios, and other miniaturized
devices.

2. Cost Efficient

ICs in appliances and other devices lowers maintenance cost. The process of
repair is more simplified when failures or malfunctions occur. In appliances, ICs
are embedded in sockets, you can simply unplug the faulty IC from the socket and
replace it with a new one.
3. Energy Efficient

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 ICs are extremely small and requires less power than equivalent discrete-
component circuits. The reason behind this is the use of small current. It also
produces less heat. It reduces the problems that may plague the equipment that
gets hot when used.

What are the limitations of the IC technology?

There is no perfect device. ICs have some setbacks. They are good at some
things, and poor at others. Due to its size, ICs cannot accommodate very large
current or voltages. Heat generated in small space would cause an increase in
temperature beyond the limit of the device. ICs cannot be implemented in electrical
devices such as inductors, transformers and large capacitors.

In this digital age, ICs are almost everywhere. Moore’s Law states that that
the number of transistors that can be placed on a single integrated circuit doubles
about every two years. You may expect advances in technology every year. It is very
evident that ICs exist in devices that you use at home or even in the school and
community. It is incorporated in most digital devices that you use in your day-to-
day life such as basic phones, smartphones, computers, laptops, personal digital
assistants and many more.

What’s More

If you have used a computer or mobile phone it is possible that you have
encountered the word “memory.” This term is frequently used nowadays to describe
a new model of laptop or smartphone. The higher the memory the better the device.
Information in computers are stored using binary digital data, in the form of high
and low levels or logic 1 and logic 0. Specifically, that information is stored in
integrated circuits. Memory can take various forms.

The random-access memory (RAM) sometimes referred to as read/write

memory. It stores data in arrays which can be accessed anywhere in the matrix.
You can easily change and store back data in whole or in part. RAM stores data
temporarily. Data will be lost if power is turned off. It allows the computer to read
data rapidly to run applications. The downside is that it is more expensive.

Read-only memory (ROM) is the opposite of RAM. You can access data in
whole or in part but not written over. Manufacturers program a standard ROM
before releasing it from production. This is commonly known as firmware. This is
where instructions for the device are stored which is important in booting up or
turning on the system. ROM stores data permanently even in the absence of
electricity. This memory is cheaper.

An IC whose memory is of the only read-only type but can be reprogrammed

is called as erasable programmable ROM (EPROM). As compared to RAM, it is
more difficult to rewrite memory in this type. Erasure of data may involve exposure
to ultraviolet radiation.

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 ICs and fashion are the same. They are always in trend. Every year, people
look forward on what clothes or style will become popular. That is the reason why
designers are always innovating clothes. Laptops and smartphones are always in
trend and almost every month manufacturers are releasing new models. This
results a large demand in ICs. Scientists and engineers are constantly researching
to develop ICs and minimize its drawbacks.

What I Have Learned

Answer the following questions briefly.

1. What are the components of an integrated circuit?

2. What are the functions of integrated circuit?

3. What features of integrated circuits have enabled them to revolutionize modern

electronics?

4. Write one limitation of ICs?

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5. Give three examples of devices with ICs.

What I Can Do

Integrated circuit technology has a significant impact in our lives. It has

changed almost all aspects of life and society. What are the impacts of ICs in the
society? Write a short paragraph about how integrated circuits affect the three
sectors of society.

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 Assessment

Encircle the letter of the BEST answer.

1. What is the name of the electronic circuit that is composed of individual

components such as resistors, capacitors, transistors, diodes?

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 a. integrated circuit
b. chassis
c. circuit board
d. discrete circuit
2. The use of ICs in a design can
a. increase the number and size of parts.
b. increase cost.
c. lower reliability.
d. none of the above.
3. Which of the following is not practical for fabrication in an IC?
a. Capacitors
b. Diodes
c. Inductors
d. Transistors
4. The instructions contained in a computer program are stored in which type
of computer memory while the program is being used?
a. ROM
b. CD
c. RAM
d. floppy disk
5. Which of the following are not embedded in integrated circuits?
a. Semiconductors
b. Diodes
c. Vacuum tubes
d. Transistors
6. Which of the following is a characteristic of ICs that falls both an advantage
and a disadvantage?
a. Cheap
b. Small
c. Reliable
d. Energy efficient
7. What makes integrated circuits cost efficient?
a. They are not replaceable.
b. The process of repair is complex.
c. The maintenance cost is low.
d. Both a and b.
8. A timer is a/an
a. Analog IC
b. Digital IC
c. Analog/Digital IC
d. Logic
9. Logic gates are
a. Analog IC
b. Digital IC
c. Analog/Digital IC
d. Linear
10. According to Moore’s Law, what will happen to the number of ICs per square
inch every two years?
a. Halves
b. Doubles
c. Triples
d. Quadruples

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True or False. Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE of it is incorrect.

__________________ 11. Memory stores binary digital data.

__________________ 12. RAM is more expensive than ROM.

__________________ 13. ICs require low power to function.

__________________ 14. Transformers are easily embedded in ICs.

__________________ 15. Oscillators are logic.

Additional Activities

There are thousands of different types of integrated circuits available out

there. Each of the ICs were designed for a very specific function. There are some
that have been designed for general-purpose only, but they are used in a wide
variety of devices. One of which is the 555 Timer Chip. Your additional task is to
investigate this chip. Fill out the information sheet bellow.

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 Answer Key

What I Know What’s In What’s New What’s More

1. b 1. Transistor Integrated circuits made Devices with higher

2. c 2. Resistor the challenge possible. RAM capacity will
3. c 3. Diode Large computers have run applications
4. d 4. Capacitor shrunk because of faster. It also
5. a 5. Conductive Pathway integrated circuits and minimizes lags in
6. c fit those computers in the devices.
7. d the space rocket.
8. b
9. b
10. d
11. a
12. c
13. b
14. a
15. d

What I Have Learned What I Can Do Assessment Additional Activity

1. Diodes, capacitors, Answers may vary. 1. a 1. The basic 555 timer

transistors, resistors 2. d gets its name from the
and conductive 3. c fact that there are
pathways 4. a three internally
2. Produce, amplify 5. c connected 5kΩ
and respond to varying 6. b resistors which it uses
voltages and respond 7. c to generate the two
and produce signals. 8. a comparators reference
3. Compactness, cost 9. b voltages. The 555
and energy efficient 10. b timer IC is a very
4. It cannot 11. TRUE cheap, popular and
accommodate high 12. TRUE useful precision timing
voltages. 13. TRUE device which can act
5. Cellphones, TV, and 14. FALSE as either a simple
laptops (answers may 15. FALSE timer to generate
vary) single pulses or long
time delays, or as a
relaxation oscillator
producing a string of
stabilized waveforms of
varying duty cycles
from 50 to 100%.

2. The 555 timer IC is

an integrated circuit
(chip) used in a variety
of timer, delay, pulse
generation, and
oscillator applications.

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References

Lowe, Doug. “Working with Integrated Circuits.” Essay. In Electronics for Dummies,
2nd ed. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2017.

Scherz, Paul. “Integrated Circuits.” Essay. In Practical Electronics for Inventors,

213–18. ew ork Montreal: McGraw-Hill, 2000.

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Region III,

Schools Division of Bataan - Curriculum Implementation Division
Learning Resources Management and Development Section (LRMDS)

Provincial Capitol Compound, Balanga City, Bataan

Telefax: (047) 237-2102

Email Address: bataan@deped.gov.ph

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