Name: Comia, Altheia Mariz C.

Date: 01/22/2024
Course/Year/Section: BSN-4D Group 14

Generic Name: CITICOLINE

Brand Name/s: Zynapse
Drug Class: nootropic (cognitive enhancers) and neuroprotective agent

ACTION USES CONTRAINDICATIONS DOSAGE

 Citicoline is a precursor to  Treatment of cognitive  Patients with hypertonia of the  Capsule: 1 cap once or twice daily.
phosphatidylcholine, a key disorders associated with parasympathetic.  Adult Oral Drops: 1-2 mL twice or thrice
component of cell membranes. cerebrovascular disease.  Hypersensitivity or allergy to citicoline. daily.
 It enhances neurotransmitter  Supportive therapy for  Pregnancy and lactation, unless benefits  Dosage adjustments may be needed for renal
synthesis, particularly neurodegenerative disorders. outweigh potential risks. impairment.
acetylcholine.  Stroke recovery and
 It has neuroprotective properties, prevention.
supporting neuronal membrane  Traumatic brain injury.
integrity and function.

ADMINISTRATION SIDE EFFECTS SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS NURSING IMPLICATIONS

 Oral administration, typically in
tablet or capsule form.
 Can be taken with or without
food.
 Generally well-tolerated.
 Common side effects may
include gastrointestinal
disturbances (nausea, diarrhea).
 Rare adverse effects may
include headache, insomnia,
and allergic reactions.
 may exert a stimulating action
of the parasympathetic, as well
as a fleeting and discrete
hypotensor effect.
 In case of persistent intracranial
hemorrhage, the very slow
administration (30 drops/min) is
recommended, the administration of
larger doses could provoke an increase
of the cerebral blood flow.
 DRUG INTERACTIONS: Zynapse
potentiates the effects of L-dopa.
Incompatibilities: Zynapse must not be
administered in conjunction with
medicaments containing meclofenoxate
(also known as clophenoxate).
 Assess patient's medical history, especially
for hypersensitivity reactions.
 Monitor for adverse effects, particularly
gastrointestinal symptoms.
 Educate patients on proper administration
and potential side effects.
 Monitor renal function in patients with pre-
existing renal impairment.
 Collaborate with healthcare team to adjust
dosage based on patient response.
Name: Comia, Altheia Mariz C. Date: 01/22/2024
Course/Year/Section: BSN-4D Group 14

Generic Name: ROSUVASTATIN

Brand Name/s: Crestor
Drug Class: Cardiovascular agent; Antilipemic; HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, commonly called statins.

ACTION USES CONTRAINDICATIONS DOSAGE

 Inhibits HMG-CoA reductase, a
key enzyme in cholesterol
synthesis.
 Reduces hepatic cholesterol
production, leading to increased
uptake of LDL cholesterol by the
liver.
 Hyperlipidemia (elevated
cholesterol and triglyceride
levels).
 Atherosclerosis prevention.
 Cardiovascular risk reduction.
 Hypersensitivity to rosuvastatin or any  Adult: 10-20 mg once daily
component of the formulation.  Geriatric: Initial dose of 5mg/d
 Active liver disease or unexplained  Individualized based on patient's lipid
persistent elevations of serum profile and risk factors.
transaminases.  Adjustments can be made based on
 Pregnancy and breastfeeding. response and tolerability.

ADMINISTRATION SIDE EFFECTS SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS NURSING IMPLICATIONS

 PO, with or without food.
 Administer at the same time each
day for consistency.
 Generally well-tolerated.
 Common side effects include
headache, myalgia, abdominal
pain.
 Rare but serious side effects
may include rhabdomyolysis
and liver dysfunction
 Regular monitoring of liver function tests
is recommended.
 Caution in patients with a history of
myopathy or predisposition to liver
disease.
 Avoid excessive alcohol consumption.
 Assess lipid profile before starting therapy
and regularly during treatment.
 Monitor liver function tests periodically.
 Monitor for report promptly S&S of
myopathy (e.g., skeletal muscle pain)
 Withhold drug and notify physician if CPK
levels are markedly elevated or myopathy is
diagnosed or suspected.
 Monitor CV status (history of hypertension
or heart disease), and diabetics (loss of
glycemic control)
 Do not take antacids within 2 hours of
taking this drug
Name: Comia, Altheia Mariz C.
Course/Year/Section: BSN-4D Group 14
Generic Name: LEVETIRACETAM
Brand Name/s: Keppra, Keppra XR
Drug Class: CNS Agent; Anticonvulsant; Antiepileptic
ACTION
 Precise mechanism not fully
understood.
 Believed to modulate
neurotransmitter release by
binding to synaptic vesicle
protein 2A (SV2A).
ADMINISTRATION
 Usually administered orally as
immediate-release or extended-
release tablets.
 Can be taken with or without
food.
 Reduced doses are indicated
when creatinine clearance is <80
mL/min
 Make dosage increment changes
at 2-wk intervals
USES
 Treatment of partial-onset
seizures (as monotherapy or
adjunctive therapy).
 Myoclonic seizures associated
with juvenile myoclonic
epilepsy.
 Primary generalized tonic-
clonic seizures.
SIDE EFFECTS
 somnolence, asthenia,
dizziness, and headache.
 Behavioral abnormalities and
psychiatric symptoms may
occur.
CONTRAINDICATIONS
 Hypersensitivity to levalbuterol or
albuterol; angioedema; pregnancy
category C, children <6yrs; lactation
SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS
 Caution in patients with renal
impairment; dosage adjustments may be
necessary.
 Abrupt discontinuation may lead to
increased seizure frequency.
 Monitor for psychiatric symptoms,
especially in patients with a history of
psychiatric disorders.
Date: 01/22/2024
DOSAGE
 Adult: 500 mg b.i.d may increase by 500
mg b.i.d q2wk (max: 3000 mg/d)
 Child (4-16): 20 mg/kg/d in 2 divided
doses; may increase by 20 mg/kg q2wk up
to 60 mg/kg/d
NURSING IMPLICATIONS
Assess:
 Assess seizure activity and document
baseline neurologic status.
 Monitor for adverse effects, particularly
changes in behavior or mood.
 Monitor & notify physician of difficulty of
gait or coordination.
 Lab test: Periodic CBC with differential,
Hct, LFT’s
 Monitor for changes in phenytoin blood
levels with coadministered drugs.
Educate:
 Do not drive or engage in potentially
hazardous activities until response to drug
is known.
Name: Comia, Altheia Mariz C.
Course/Year/Section: BSN-4D Group 14
Generic Name: NEUROAID
Brand Name/s: NeuroAid
Drug Class: Neuroprotective and neurorestorative supplement
ACTION
 The exact mechanism of
action is not fully understood.
 Contains various herbal and
natural ingredients believed to
exert neuroprotective and
neurorestorative effects.
ADMINISTRATION
 Usually administered orally
in the form of tablets.
USES
 Generally used as a
supplement in the
management of neurological
disorders, especially stroke.
 Claimed to enhance
neuroplasticity and improve
functional recovery post-
stroke..
SIDE EFFECTS
 Generally considered safe.
 Possible side effects may
include gastrointestinal
discomfort, allergic
reactions, or interactions
with other medications.
CONTRAINDICATIONS
 Hypersensitivity to any of the
ingredients.
SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS
 Limited information on
specific precautions.
 Use with caution in
individuals with known
allergies to herbal or natural
products.
Date: 01/22/2024
DOSAGE
 The dosage may vary, and it is typically
administered as directed by a healthcare
professional.
 Initial higher loading doses may be followed by
maintenance doses.
NURSING IMPLICATIONS
 Assess seizure activity and document Assess
the patient's medical history for allergies or
sensitivities.
 Monitor for any signs of adverse reactions or
interactions with other medications.
 Collaborate with healthcare providers to
determine the appropriateness of NeuroAiD in
the patient's treatment plan.
 Educate patients on the importance of following
prescribed dosages and reporting any
unexpected effects.
Name: Comia, Altheia Mariz C.
Course/Year/Section: BSN-4D Group 14
Generic Name: TRIMETAZIDINE
Brand Name/s: Vastarel
Drug Class: Anti-ischemic metabolic agent
ACTION
 Acts by inhibiting the
mitochondrial enzyme 3-
ketoacyl coenzyme A
thiolase.
 Enhances glucose utilization
and shifts cellular metabolism
from fatty acid oxidation to
glucose oxidation, improving
energy production in ischemic
conditions..
ADMINISTRATION
 Usually administered
orally, with or without
food.
USES
 Adjunctive treatment of
angina pectoris, especially
when standard antianginal
therapies are inadequate.
 May be used in combination
with other antianginal
agents.
SIDE EFFECTS
 Generally well-tolerated.
 Common side effects
include gastrointestinal
symptoms (nausea,
vomiting, abdominal pain).
 Central nervous system
effects may include
dizziness, headache, and
tremor.
CONTRAINDICATIONS
 Hypersensitivity to
trimetazidine or any of the
excipients.
 Parkinson's disease or
parkinsonian symptoms.
SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS
 Caution in patients with
severe renal impairment.
 Use with caution in patients
with a history of movement
disorders or parkinsonian
symptoms.
 Close monitoring in patients
with hepatic impairment.
Date: 01/22/2024
DOSAGE
 Hypersensitivity to trimetazidine or any of the
excipients.
 Parkinson's disease or parkinsonian symptoms.
NURSING IMPLICATIONS
 Assess patient's medical history for allergies
and parkinsonian symptoms.
 Monitor for gastrointestinal and central nervous
system side effects.
 Educate patients on the importance of
adherence to prescribed dosages.
 Monitor renal and hepatic function regularly.
 Collaborate with healthcare providers to adjust
dosages based on patient response.
Name: Comia, Altheia Mariz C. Date: 01/22/2024
Course/Year/Section: BSN-4D Group 14

Generic Name: ISMN (ISOSORBIDE MONONITRATE)

Brand Name/s: Imdur
Drug Class: Cardivascular Agent; Nitrate Vasodilator

ACTION USES CONTRAINDICATIONS DOSAGE

 Isosorbide mononitrate is a
prodrug that undergoes
biotransformation to release
nitric oxide.
 Nitric oxide relaxes vascular
smooth muscle, leading to
vasodilation primarily in
veins.
 Isosorbide mononitrate is a
prodrug that undergoes
biotransformation to release
nitric oxide.
 Nitric oxide relaxes vascular
smooth muscle, leading to
vasodilation primarily in
veins.
 Hypersensitivity to nitrates; Prevention of Angina:
severe anemia; closed-angle  Adult: PO Regular release (ISMO Monoket) 20
glaucoma, postural mg b.i.d. 7 h apart; Sustained released (Imdur)
hypotension, head trauma, 30-60 mg every morning, may increase up to
cerebral hemorrhage (increase 120 mg once daily after several days if needed
intracranial pressure). (max dose: 240 mg)
 Concomitant use with
phosphodiesterase-5
inhibitors (e.g., sildenafil,
tadalafil) due to the risk of
severe hypotension.

ADMINISTRATION SIDE EFFECTS SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS NURSING IMPLICATIONS

 Oral administration, with or
without food.
 Extended-release tablets
should be swallowed whole
and not crushed or chewed.
 Common side effects
include headache, dizziness,
and flushing.
 Orthostatic hypotension
(low blood pressure upon
standing) may occur.
 Caution in patients with
hypotension, hypovolemia, or
severe anemia.
 Use with caution in patients
with hepatic or renal
impairment.
 Tolerance may develop with
prolonged use; consider drug-
free intervals.
 Monitor blood pressure regularly, especially for
signs of hypotension.
 Assess for symptoms of angina and overall
cardiovascular status.
 Educate patients about proper administration
and the potential for headache and dizziness.
 Advise patients to rise slowly from a sitting or
lying position to minimize orthostatic
hypotension.
 Monitor for drug interactions, particularly with
phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors.

Name: Comia, Altheia Mariz C. Date: 01/22/2024

Course/Year/Section: BSN-4D Group 14
Generic Name: CEFTRIAXONE
Brand Name/s: Rocephin
Drug Class: Antiinfective; Antibiotic; Third-generation Cephalosporin
ACTION
 Inhibits bacterial cell wall
synthesis by binding to
penicillin-binding proteins
(PBPs).
 Broad-spectrum activity
against Gram-positive and
Gram-negative bacteria.
ADMINISTRATION
 Hypersensitivity to
ceftriaxone or any other
cephalosporin.
 Previous severe
hypersensitivity reactions to
penicillins or other beta-
lactam antibiotics.
. .
USES
 Treatment of various
bacterial infections,
including respiratory,
urinary, skin, and soft tissue
infections.
 Meningitis.
 Gonorrhea.
 Surgical prophylaxis.
SIDE EFFECTS
 Hypersensitivity to
ceftriaxone or any other
cephalosporin.
 Previous severe
hypersensitivity reactions to
penicillins or other beta-
lactam antibiotics.
CONTRAINDICATIONS
 Hypersensitivity to
ceftriaxone or any other
cephalosporin.
 Previous severe
hypersensitivity reactions to
penicillins or other beta-
lactam antibiotics.
SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS
 Hypersensitivity to
ceftriaxone or any other
cephalosporin.
 Previous severe
hypersensitivity reactions to
penicillins or other beta-
lactam antibiotics.
DOSAGE
Moderate to Severe Infections:
 Adult: IV/IM 1-2 g q12-24 h (4g/d)
 Child: IV/IM 50-75 mg/kg/d/ in 2 divided doses
(max: 2g g/d)
Meningitis:
 Adult: 2 g q12h
 Child: IV/IM 75 mg/kg/d in 2 divided doses
Surgical Prophylaxis
 Adult: IV/IM 1 g 30-120 min before surgery
Uncomplicated Gonorrhea
 Adult: IM 250 mg as single dose
 Child: IM 125 mg as single dose
NURSING IMPLICATIONS
 Monitor for signs and symptoms of infection
before and during treatment.
 Assess the patient's medical history for allergies
and previous reactions to antibiotics.
 Administer the medication as prescribed,
following proper reconstitution and dilution
guidelines.
 Monitor for adverse reactions, especially during
the initial administration.
 Educate patients on the importance of
completing the entire course of treatment and
reporting any signs of adverse effects promptly.
Name: Comia, Altheia Mariz C.
Course/Year/Section: BSN-4D Group 14
Generic Name: MANNITOL
Brand Name/s: Osmitrol
Drug Class: Electrolytic and water balance agent; osmotic diuretic
ACTION
 Osmotically active substance
that draws water into the renal
tubules.
 Increases urine volume and
decreases intracranial
pressure and intraocular
pressure.
 Expands extracellular fluid
volume and reduces edema.
ADMINISTRATION
 Administered as an
intravenous infusion.
 Must be visually inspected for
particulate matter or
discoloration before
administration.
 Use aseptic technique during
preparation and
administration..
Name: Comia, Altheia Mariz C.
Course/Year/Section: BSN-4D Group 14
Generic Name: CARVEDILOL
USES
 Cerebral edema (due to
trauma, surgery, or various
pathologies).
 Acute glaucoma.
 Oliguric renal failure.
 Reduction of intracranial
pressure.
SIDE EFFECTS
 Excessive diuresis leading
to dehydration.
 Electrolyte imbalance
(hypokalemia,
hyponatremia).
 Headache, nausea, vomiting.
CONTRAINDICATIONS
 Severe renal disease with
anuria.
 Active intracranial bleeding.
 Pulmonary edema.
SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS
 Use with caution in patients
with heart failure or
compromised renal function.
 Monitor electrolyte levels
regularly.
 Assess for signs of
dehydration or volume
overload.
Date: 01/22/2024
DOSAGE
Measurement of GFR:
 Adult: 100 mL of 20% solution diluted with
180 mL NaCl injection infused at a rate of 20
mL/min
NURSING IMPLICATIONS
 Monitor fluid and electrolyte balance closely.
 Assess renal function regularly, especially in
patients with pre-existing renal conditions.
 Observe for signs of dehydration or
overhydration.
 Monitor intracranial pressure or intraocular
pressure as appropriate for the indication.
 Educate patients on the importance of
adherence to prescribed dosages and potential
side effects..
Date: 01/22/2024
Brand Name/s: Coreg, Kredex
Drug Class: ANS Agent; Apha- and Beta-adrenergic Antagonist; Non-selective beta-blocker and alpha-1 blocker; Antihypersentive
ACTION
 Blocks beta-1, beta-2, and
alpha-1 receptors.
 Decreases heart rate,
contractility, and peripheral
vascular resistance.
ADMINISTRATION
 Usually taken orally, with or
without food.
 Extended-release
formulations may be taken
with food to enhance
absorption.
USES
 Hypertension.
 Heart failure (chronic stable
mild to severe).
 Left ventricular dysfunction
following myocardial
infarction.
SIDE EFFECTS
 Common side effects
include hypotension,
dizziness, and fatigue.
 Fluid retention may occur.
 Bradycardia and heart block
may occur.
CONTRAINDICATIONS
 Severe bradycardia.
 Heart block greater than first
degree.
 Decompensated heart failure.
 Severe hepatic impairment.
 Asthma or bronchospastic
conditions.
SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS
 Use with caution in patients
with diabetes.
 Risk of hypotension is
increased in patients with
volume depletion.
 Avoid abrupt withdrawal,
especially in patients with
coronary artery disease.
DOSAGE
CHF:
 Adult: PO Start with 3.125 mg b.i.d. times 2wk,
may double dose q2wk as tolerated up to 25 mg
b.i.d. if <85 kg or 50 mg b.i.d. if >85kg
Hypertension:
 Adult: PO start with 6.25 mg b.i.d., may
increase by 6.25 mg b.i.d to max of 50 mg/d
NURSING IMPLICATIONS
 Use with caution in patients with diabetes.
 Risk of hypotension is increased in patients
with volume depletion.
 Avoid abrupt withdrawal, especially in patients
with coronary artery disease.