SISTER CALLISTA ROY  Self-Concept- goal of coping: sense of unity, includes

-October 14, 1939 (Los Angeles, California) body image and self ideals.
- Sociology in 1973  Role Function-The primary, secondary and tertiary roles
-Seminar with Dorothy Johnson (mentor) to develop conceptual  Interdependence Mode- attaining relational integrity
model for nursing. through giving, receiving of love and value.
-Worked: Pediatric Nurse Levels of Adaptation:
-2007 named LIVING LEGEND  Integrated Process(adapt)- meet the needs
-American Journal of Nursing Book  Compensatory Process(ongoing)- cognator and
- Her most famous contribution is the ROY ADAPTATION regulator are challenged by the environment’s needs
MODEL.  Compromised (not able to adapt)- not adequately
- Adapation is responding positively to environmental changes. meeting the environment challenge.
- 1976 completed her model
ROY’S CONCEPT OF NURSING:
-promotion of adaptation for individuals
-maintain balance between various stimuli
-centers on the person as a bio-psycho-social adaptive system MYRA ESTRIN LEVINE

Four
THE CONSERVATION MODEL
“To improve a person’s physical and emotional well-
being by considering the four domains of conservation

metaparadigm she set out. “

- born in Chicago in 1920, the first child of three
siblings.

concepts: person, - She was a private duty nurse in 1944, a civilian

nurse in the U.S.
Conservation of energy refers to balancing energy input
environment, and output to avoid excessive fatigue. It includes adequate
rest, nutrition, and exercise.

nursing and Conservation of structural integrity refers to maintaining

or restoring the body’s structure, preventing physical
breakdown, and promoting healing.

health. Conservation of personal integrity recognizes the

4 Metaparadigms Concepts:
 Person- adaptive system
 Environment- condition, circumstances and influences
surrounding and affecting the behavior of persons.
STIMULI:
- Focal: The internal or external stimulus confronting
the human system. (main problem)
- Contextual: Contribute to the effect of the focal
stimulus.
- Residual: Factors whose effects in the current
situation that are unclear. (cultural background
beliefs)
 Health- ability to cope up with them in a competent way
 Nursing- promotion of adaptation for individuals and
groups.
Primary Coping Mechanisms:
 Regulator- person’s physiological coping mechanisms
 Cognator - mental coping mechanisms
4 Adaptive Modes:
 Physiological- physical mode, function and activities of
living organisms
individual as one who strives for recognition, respect, self-
awareness, selfhood, and self-determination.
Conservation of social integrity exists when a patient is
recognized as someone who resides within a family, a
community, a religious group, an ethnic group, a political
system, and a nation.
MAJOR CONCEPTS OF LEVINE’S CONSERVATION MODEL:
 Environment includes both the internal and
external environment.
 Person is a unique individual in unity, integrity,
feeling, belief, thinking, and whole.
 Health is the pattern of adaptive change of the
whole being.
 Nursing is the human interaction relying on
communication, rooted in the individual human
being’s organic dependency in his relationships
with other human beings.
 Adaptation is the process of change and
integration of the organism in which the individual
retains integrity or wholeness.
 Conservation includes joining together and is the
product of adaptation, including nursing
 intervention and patient participation to maintain a
safe balance.
 Personal integrity Nursing intervention is based on

System Model
the conservation of the individual’s personal
integrity.
 Social integrity Nurses intervene to maintain


relationships.
Structural integrity: Healing is the process of
restoring structural integrity through nursing
in Nursing

interventions that promote healing and maintain
structural integrity. Practice:
“Health is a
BETTY NEUMAN
condition in
System Theory which all parts
Neuman’s and
System Theory subparts are in
General harmony with the
Information whole of
METAPARADI the client.”
SYSTEM THEORY IN NURSING PRACTICE:

GM
“Health is a condition in which all parts and subparts are in
harmony with the whole of the client.”
BACKGROUND:

Person - Born in 1924, Lowell, Ohio

- 1947: received RN Diploma from people’s hospital school of
nursing, Akron, Ohio.
- 1972: her model was published in nursing research as a
“Model for teaching total person approach to patient
TRANSCRIBED BY: problems.”
Neuman’s System Theory
Guillermo, Maxine - focuses on the person as a complete system.
- deals with stress & reduction and is primarily concerned
LECTURER/S: Vilma with the effects of stress on health.
METAPARADIGM OF BETTY NEUMAN:

T. Atillo RN, MN. - Person: a whole multidimensional, dynamic system.

- Health: the condition in which all parts and subparts are in

REFERENCES: PPT harmony with the whole of the client.

- Environment: the internal & external factors that surround
or interact with person & client.
- Nursing: unique profession that is concerned with all of the
variables affecting an individual’s response to stress.
Systems Model in nursing practice:
A. Client Variable- to achieve stability in relation to
the environmental stressors experienced by the
client.
B. Lines of Resistance- represent the internal factors
of a person that help defend against an individual
C. Normal line of defense- a stability state for the
individual.
D. Flexible line of defense- acts as a protective barrier
to prevent stressors from breaking through the
normal line of defense.
E. Stressors- produce tensions, potential problems
causing instability with in the client’s system.
F. Reaction- results of certain stressors & actions of
the lines of resistance of a client.
G. Degree of Reaction- the amount of energy required
for the client to adjust to the stressor’s persons
resistance after the illness exposure.
H. Prevention- attain balance within the continuum
health.
3 LEVELS OF PREVENTION
 Primary Prevention- carried out when a stressor is
suspected or identified.
 Secondary Prevention- helping alleviate the actual
existing effects of an action that altered the balance of
health of a person.
 Tertiary Prevention- actual treatments or adjustment to
facilitate the strengthening of a person.
 Pandimensionally
IDEA JEAN ORLANDO
DELIBERATIVE NURSING PROCESS THEORY
“Allows nurses to formulate an effective nursing care plan
that can also be easily adapted when and if any complexity
comes up with the patient.”
BIOGRAPHY:
- August 12, 1926-November 28,2007
- Psychiatric heath nurse, Theorist & Researcher
- American nurse made significant contributions to
the field of nursing.
- Graduated at New York Medical College in 1947
- Developed the Deliberative Nursing Process in 1961
- Married to Robert Pelletier.
METAPARADIGM:
 Person- dynamic nature of nurse-patient
relationship.
 Health- sense of helplessness as initiator of a
necessity.
 Environment- patients immediate need.
 Nursing- individuals need for help in an immediate
situation.

MARTHA ROGER’S
The Science Of Unitary Human Beings
BACKGROUND:
- Born on May 12, 1914 in Dallas, Texas
- Received diploma from Knoxville General Hospital
School of Nursing (1937)
- In 1970 her model was published
METAPARADIGM:
- Nursing: serve people and it’s the direct and
overriding responsibility to the society.
- Environment: includes the entire energy field other
than a person.
- Person: unified whole having its own distinctive
characterized which cannot be perceived.
- Health: characteristics and behavior emerging out
of the mutual interaction of the human and
envirnmnt.
4 MAJOR CONCEPTS:
 Energy Field-
 Openness
 Pattern