(a) State the number of instructions that can be executed every second by a 2.2GHz processor.

(1)

(b) Here is a diagram that shows secondary storage.

Three files (A, B, and C) are stored on it. Each file is made up of several blocks (1, 2, 3, 4, etc.)

A2 A1 C1 B1 A3 C2 C3 A4 B2
Complete the diagram to show the state of the storage after running a defragmentation utility.

(2)

(c) Here is a diagram that shows the message before using compression utility.

H i H o w a r e y o u H a r r y
Complete the diagram to show the state of the message after using a compression utility.

(2)

(d) Describe one advantage of compression utility and one advantage of defragmentation?

(4)

(e) Describe the role of the CPU.

(2)

(e) Describe the role of a router and a gateway.

(4)