Transaction Analysis

• Is a psychoanalytic theory and method of therapy,

• Developed by Eric Berne during the 1950s.
• Method of analyzing and understanding
interpersonal behaviour
• Which a person interact, there is social transection
in which one person responds to another. The study
of these transection between people is called TA.
 How was transactional analysis
developed?
• TA was founded by Eric berne in the late 1950s. Eric Berne was borne in
Canada in 1910g and died in 1970; his field expertise was rooted in
psychoanalysis.
• His ideas for TA developed from Sigmund freud’s psychoanalytic theory
that childhood experiences have a great impact on our lives as adults
and are the basis for the development of our personalities, and
psychological or emotional issues that we suffer.
• In the same way, berne believed that our childhood experiences,
particularly how we are parented, effects the development formation of
our three ego states (Parent, Adult and Child).
• This can then unconsciously cause us to replay the same attitude and
behaviours that our parents had towards us to someone else during a
conversation, or to respond to communication and interactions with
past childhood anxieties and emotions.
 EGO STATES
• TA recognized that the human personality is
made up of three “ego states”.
• An entire system of thought, feelings, and
behaviour from which we interact with each
other.
• The Parent, Adult and Child ego states
• And the interactions between them from the
foundation of transactional theory.
 Parent Ego State
• A state in which people behave, feel and think parent/parental
figures did.
• For example, a person may shout at someone at someone out of
frustration because they learned from an influential in childhood.
• Your parents says, “you must/should wake up early” now you are
repeating again and again you are in parent ego states
• Critical parent: shows critical and evaluative behaviour, lecturing,
criticising, many oughts should and don’ts.
• Nurturing parent : Consoling taking of others, sampathy.
 Adult Ego State
• A set behaviour, thoughts and feelings which are
direct response to the here and now – rational and
aware
• Not copied from parents figure or childhood figure
• Adult ego state formation goes through own
experience and continuously verifying and facts.
 Child Ego state
• A state in which people behave, feel, and think similarly to
how they did in childhood.
• Behaves illogically and takes quick actions to satisfy the
immediate needs without thinking the consequens.
• For example, a person who receives a poor evaluation at
work may respond by looking at the floor and crying or
pouting, as when scolded as a child.
• Conversely, a person who receives a good evaluation may
respond with a broad smile and joyful gesture of thanks.
• Part of child ego: natural, adaptive and rebellion
 Transaction types
Complementary Transections
• When the stimulus and response
pattern from one ego to another are
parallel.
• There are nine complementary
transections.
• P-P, P-A, P-C, similarly A and C
 Non complementary(Crossed)
Transaction
• When the stimulus and response pattern
from one ego state to another are not
parallel.
• In this case both person not satisfied and
communication is not complete.