BY :

TELLIS ABRASADIE
22 EN 338

RESHMA MENON
22 EN 332

JENNIFER ANNE G.
22 EN 324
Communication : Communication is a two-way process which involves transferring of information or messages from one person or group to another. This process goes on
and includes a minimum of one sender and receiver to pass on the messages. These messages can either be any ideas, imagination, emotions, or thoughts.
Process of Communication : The communication process include a sender, encoding of a message, selecting of a channel of communication, receipt of the message by the
receiver and decoding of the message.
Sender : The sender or contact generates the message and transmits it to the recipient. He is the source and the first contact.
Message: It is an idea, knowledge, opinion, truth, feeling, etc. produced by the sender and intended for reference.
Encoding : The message produced by the sender is encrypted in a symbolic way such as words, pictures, touches, etc. before transfer.
The media : This is how the coded message is conveyed. The message can be conveyed orally or in writing.
Recording : It is a process of modifying the signals sent by the sender. After recording the message is received by the recipient.
Recipient : Once the recipient confirms to the sender that you received the message and understood it, the communication process is complete.
Noise : Refers to any restrictions caused by the sender, message or recipient during the communication process. For example, incorrect telephone connection, incorrect
coding, incorrect recording, careless recipient, incorrect understanding of message due to discrimination or inappropriate touch, etc.
Models :
1. Aristole : It primarily focuses on the sender who passes on their message to the receiver. Gives importance to audience role and interpersonal communication.
Speaker - Speech - Occasion – Audience - Effect
2. Lasswell : Focuses on 5 “WH” questions :
Who ? (communicator) Says what ? (message to be sent) In which channel ? (medium) To whom ? (recipients, receiver or audience) With what effort ? (what is the effect on
the auidence)
3. Shannon and Weaver : Focuses on Sender (speaker), Encoder (modes used in sending message), Noise (reaction of the audience), Decoder (how the audience
understands the message) and Receiver (gives feedback according to their understanding).
4. Berlo : Focuses on how the speaker delivers a message through different channels i.e., seeing, hearing, touching, etc. and how the audience has to understand the
message through the channels used.
5. Osgood and Schramm : He initially proposed that communication is not a linear model but a circular model.. This model takes a classic approach to explain the flow of
communication. It suggests that communication is a two-way path with the message continually passing between the sender and receiver.
6. Westley and Maclean : It explains how communication process for both interpersonal and mass communication. It is best known for its recognition of the influence of
environmental factors and subjectivity.
7. Barnlund : It explains basic interpersonal communication which articulates that sending and receiving of messages happens simultaneously between people
8. Dance’s Helical : His the communication model called Dance’s Helix Model for a better communication process. The name helical comes from “Helix” which means an
object having a three-dimensional shape like that of a wire wound uniformly around a cylinder or cone. He shows communication as a dynamic and non-linear process.