1.

A “longitudinal wave” is a wave in which the particle movement is

parallel to the direction of the wave propagation.

2. The term “transverse wave” describes a wave in which the particle

movement is perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation.
 3. Compression
A compression is a region in a longitudinal wave where the particles are
closest together.

4. Rarefaction
A rarefaction is a region in a longitudinal wave where the particles are
furthest apart.
 5. Constructive Interference:
When two waves come close to one another, their effects add together.
If the crests, or highest parts of the waves, line up perfectly, then the crest
of the combined wave will be the sum of the heights of the two original
crests.
Likewise, if the lowest parts of the waves (the troughs) line up just right,
then the combined trough will be the depth of the two original troughs
combined. This is known as constructive interference, in which two
waves (of the same wavelength) interact in such a way that they are
aligned, leading to a new wave that is bigger than the original wave.

6. Destructive Interference:
If two waves are not perfectly aligned, then when the crest of one wave
comes along, it will be dragged down by the trough of the other wave. The
resulting, combined wave will have crests that are shorter than the crests
of either original wave, and troughs that are shallower than either of the
incoming waves. This is known as destructive interference.