19.11.

2023

Chemical Hazards
 Pyrophoric
 Flammable Chemicals
 Combustible Chemicals
Joe Nail  Oxidizers

11/19/2023 Industrial Safety Lecture Three 1 11/19/2023 Industrial Safety Lecture Three 4

Introduction OHSA’s Haz-Com Standard

OSHA’s Hazard Communication Standard is designed to
 What is a Chemical Hazard? protect employees from hazardous chemicals used or
stored in the work setting.
Also referred to as the "Right-To-Know Law" Law, the
 Answer: Any chemical that can cause illness, injury,
or an emergency. Hazard Communication Standard requires that
information and training (i.e., hazcom training) be
provided to any employees who have the potential of being
 Chemical Hazards exposed to a hazardous chemical “under normal condition
 Physical of use or in a foreseeable emergency.”
 Health Such hazcom training requires the presence of hazardous
chemicals be communicated to employees in a variety of
ways, including:
11/19/2023 Industrial Safety Lecture Three 2 11/19/2023 Industrial Safety Lecture Three 5

Purpose
 The purpose of the standard is to
Chemical Hazards make sure that the hazards of
chemicals are evaluated
 That information concerning their
hazards is communicated to
employers and employees

11/19/2023 Industrial Safety Lecture Three 3

1
 19.11.2023

Who is covered
 OSHA’s Hazard Communication
(HazCom) standard applies to general
industry, shipyard, marine terminals,
longshoring, and construction employment
and covers chemical manufacturers,
importers, employers, and employees
exposed to chemical hazards.

Horizontal

HazCom Requirements
 The hazardous chemical inventory
 Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs)
 Labels, tags or signs
 The written Hazard Communication program
Background
 They also need to know what protective measures are
available to prevent adverse effects from occurring
 The HCS is designed to provide employees with the
information they need

MSDS

11/19/2023 Industrial Safety Lecture Three 8

Background
 The Hazard Communication Standard (HCS) is based on a
simple concept--that employees have both a need and a
right to know the hazards and identities of the chemicals
they are exposed to when working
Employers
 Employers are required to provide information to their
employees about the hazardous chemicals to which they
are exposed using:
 A hazard communication program
 labels and other forms of warnings
 material safety data sheets (MSDS)
 information and training

2
 19.11.2023

Warehouse and Retail Operations

Employer Requirements-
 In work operations where employees only handle Written Program
chemicals in sealed containers, which are not opened
 Employers must develop a written program that covers at
under normal conditions
least:
 Employers must only do the following:
 Labels and other forms of warnings
 Ensure labels on incoming chemicals are not
 Material Safety Data Sheets
defaced or removed
 Employee Information and Training
 Maintain copies of any material safety data sheets that are
received with incoming shipments
 Obtain MSDS a.s.a.p. for shipments received w/out MSDS

Employer Requirements-
Warehouse and Retail Operations Written Program
 Provide employees with information and training (no written  Employers must develop a written program that covers at
program required) to the extent necessary to protect them least:
in the event of a spill or leak of a hazardous chemical from  A list of the hazardous chemicals known to be present at the
a sealed container facility along with MSDS’s for each chemical
 The methods the employer will use to
inform employees of the hazards non-
routine tasks
 The hazards of chemicals in
unlabeled pipes

Labeling Exemptions Multi-Employer Workplaces

 Other federal agencies control the labeling requirements  If employees of other employers could be exposed to

for the following substances: hazardous chemicals the program must include:
 Methods to provide contractor employees with on-site access
 Pesticides
to MSDS for each chemical those workers may be exposed
 Chemicals covered under the Toxic Substance Control Act
to
 Foods or food additives
 The methods used to inform other employers of any
 Distilled Spirits, tobacco
precautionary measures to be taken for normal and
 Consumer products, lumber, cosmetics emergency situations
 Hazardous wastes  The employers chemical labeling system

3
 19.11.2023

Consumer Products Exemption Container Labeling Exemption for Portable

 Any consumer product as defined in the Consumer Product
Safety Act where the employer can show that:
 It is used in the workplace for the purpose intended
 The use results in a duration and frequency of exposure
which is not greater than the range of exposures that could
reasonably be experienced by consumers when used for the
purpose intended
Containers
 The employer is not required to label portable containers
into which hazardous chemicals are transferred from
labeled containers, and which are intended only for the
immediate use by the employee who performs the
transfer

Written Program Availability The employer need not

 The employer must make the written program available, affix new labels to comply
upon request, to: with the standard if
 Employees and their designated representatives
existing labels already covey
the required information

 Where work is carried out at more than one location, the

program may be kept at the main location

Labels, Tags and Markings New Hazard Information

 The employer must ensure that each container of
hazardous chemicals in the workplace is labeled, tagged  Manufacturers, importers, distributors
or marked with the following: and employers who become newly
 Identity of the hazardous chemical aware of significant information
 Appropriate hazard warnings
regarding chemical hazards shall:
 Revise the labels for the chemical
 This above labeling information is required of the
within three months
manufacturer so the employer must ensure that the
 Revise the MSDS for the chemical
original labels from the manufacturer are on all
within three months
containers and remain legible

4
 19.11.2023

MSDS kept in other forms Employee Training

 MSDS may be kept in any form including operating
procedures
 It may be more appropriate to address the hazards of a
process rather than individual hazardous chemicals
 Employee training shall include at least:
 The means to detect the presence or release of a hazardous
chemical in the work area
 The physical and health hazards of chemicals in the work
area
 Measures employees can take to protect themselves
 Details of the employers specific program

Employee Information and

Training
 Employers must provide employees information
Health Hazards
and training on hazardous chemicals in their work  Category A-Biological Agents
area:  Category B-Physical Agents
 At the time of their initial assignment  Category C-Chemical Agents
 Whenever a new physical or health hazard the
employees have not previously been trained about is  Chemical Agents-This Discussion
introduced into their work area
 Training may cover categories of hazards

11/19/2023 Industrial Safety Lecture Three 29

Employee Information
 Employers must inform employees:
 Of the training requirements of this section (1910.1200 (h)
Employee information and training.);
 Any operations in their work area where hazardous
chemicals are present;
 The location and availability of the written hazard
communication program
Chemical Health Effects
 Irritants: Inflame skin tissue on contact.
 Corrosives: Destroy skin tissue at point of
contact.
 Sensitizers: Cause allergic reactions.
 Target-Organ Chemicals: Damage specific
body organs and systems.
 Reproductive Hazards: Change genetic
information in egg or sperm cells and/or
damage fetus after conception.
 Carcinogens: Cause cancer.

11/19/2023 Industrial Safety Lecture Three 30

5
 19.11.2023

Health Hazards
 Sensitizers
 Target-Organ Chemicals
 Reproductive Hazards
 Carcinogens

11/19/2023 Industrial Safety Lecture Three 31

Hepatotoxins
 Chemicals which produce liver damage
Health Hazards
 Signs and Symptoms: Jaundice, liver enlargement
 Irritants
 Corrosives  Chemicals: Carbon Tetrachloride, nitrosamines

11/19/2023 Industrial Safety Lecture Three 32

Corrosive Nephrotoxins
 Visible destruction, or irreversible damage to body tissue
 Chemicals which produce
 Acids kidney damage
 Caustics (or bases)
 Signs and Symptoms: Edema

 Chemicals: Halogenated
Hydrocarbons, uranium

Caustics
Acids pH Scale (or bases)

1 7 14

6
 19.11.2023

Neurotoxins Reproductive toxins

 Chemicals which produce their
primary toxic effects on the
nervous system
 Signs and Symptoms: Narcosis,
behavioral changes, decreased
motor function
 Chemicals: Mercury, carbon
disulfide, lead
 Chemicals which damage
reproductive capabilities
 Includes chromosomal damage
(mutations) and damage to
fetuses (teratogenesis)
 Signs and Symptoms: Birth
defects, sterility
 Chemicals: Lead

Agents which act on the blood Cutaneous hazards

 Decrease hemoglobin function,  Chemicals which effect the
deprive the body tissues of dermal layer of the body
oxygen  Signs and Symptoms:
 Signs and Symptoms: Defatting of the skin,
Cyanosis, loss of rashes, irritation
consciousness  Chemicals: Ketones,
 Chemicals: Carbon monoxide, chlorinated compounds
cyanides

Agents which damage the lungs Eye hazards

 Chemicals which affect the eye or visual capacity
 Chemicals which damage  Signs and symptoms: Conjunctivitis, corneal damage,
pulmonary tissue blurred vision, burning or irritation
 Signs and Symptoms:  Chemicals: Solvents, corrosives
Cough, tightness in the
chest, loss of breath
 Chemicals: Asbestos, silica

7
 19.11.2023

Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) Section II - Hazard Ingredients/Identity Information

are one of the most important tools
available to employers Hazardous Components (Specific Chemical Identity;
for providing information, and protection
to workers from hazardous chemicals Common Name(s)) OSHA PEL ACGIH TLV Other

which are used in the workplace.

Limits

Recommended%(optional)

1910.1200 (g)(2) MSDS, required Section III - Physical/Chemical Characteristics

information Boiling Point Specific Gravity (H2O = 1)
 Identity of the chemical  Whether the hazardous
 Physical and chemical chemical is listed in the
characteristics National Toxicology Program
Vapor Pressure (mm Hg.) Melting Point
 Physical hazards (NTP) Annual Report on
Carcinogens
 Chemical hazards Vapor Density (AIR = 1) Evaporation Rate
 precautions for safe handling
 Primary routes of entry and use (Butyl Acetate = 1)
 PEL’s or other exposure limits  Date of preparation
 Control measures  Name, address and Solubility in Water
 Emergency procedures telephone of the
manufacturer
Appearance and Odor

Material Safety Data Sheet U.S. Department of Labor

Section IV - Fire and Explosion Hazard Data
May be used to comply with Occupational Safety and Health Administration
OSHA's Hazard Communication Standard, (Non-Mandatory Form)
Flash Point (Method Used) Flammable Limits LEL
UEL
29 CFR 1910.1200. Standard must be consulted for specific requirements.
Form Approved
OMB No. 1218-0072 Extinguishing Media
IDENTITY (As Used on Label and List) Note: Blank spaces are not permitted. If
any item is not applicable, or no information is available, the space must be marked to Special Fire Fighting Procedures
indicate that.
Section I
Manufacturer's Name Emergency Telephone Number

Address (Number, Street, City, State, and ZIP Code) Telephone Number for Unusual Fire and Explosion Hazards
Information

Date Prepared
Signature of Preparer (optional)

8
 19.11.2023

Section V - Reactivity Data Section VIII - Control Measures

Stability Unstable Conditions to Avoid Respiratory Protection (Specify Type)

Stable Ventilation Local Exhaust Special

Incompatibility (Materials to Avoid) Mechanical (General) Other

Hazardous Decomposition or Byproducts

Protective Gloves Eye Protection
Hazardous
Polymerization May Occur Conditions to Avoid
Other Protective Clothing or Equipment

Will Not Occur

Work/Hygienic Practices

Section VI - Health Hazard Data

Route(s) of Entry: Inhalation? Skin? Ingestion? Setting up a program
 The HCS covers both:
Health Hazards (Acute and Chronic)
 Physical hazards (such as flammability), and
Carcinogenicity: NTP? IARC Monographs? OSHA  Health hazards (such as irritation, lung damage, and cancer)
Regulated?
 Most chemicals used in the workplace have some hazard
potential, and thus will be covered by the rule
Signs and Symptoms of Exposure

Medical Conditions
Generally Aggravated by Exposure

Emergency and First Aid Procedures

Section VII - Precautions for Safe Handling and Use Setting up a program
 One difference between this rule and many others adopted
Steps to Be Taken in Case Material is Released or Spilled by OSHA is that this one is performance-oriented
 That means that you have the flexibility to adapt the rule to
Waste Disposal Method
the needs of your workplace, rather than having to follow
Precautions to Be taken in Handling and Storing specific, rigid requirements

Other Precautions

9
 19.11.2023

Setting up a program Employee training

 Make a list of all chemicals in the workplace that are  If there are only a few chemicals in the workplace, then you
potentially hazardous may want to discuss each one individually
 The best way to prepare a comprehensive list is to
 Where there are large numbers of chemicals, or the
survey the workplace
chemicals change frequently, you will probably want to
 Identify chemicals in containers, including pipes
train generally based on the hazard categories (e.g.,
 Establish purchasing procedures so that MSDSs are
flammable liquids, corrosive materials, carcinogens)
being received before a material is used in the
workplace

Identify hazardous chemicals in Documentation

the workplace.  The rule does not require
 Compile a complete list of the potentially hazardous employers to maintain records of
chemicals in the workplace employee training, but many
 Determine if you have received material safety data employers choose to do so
sheets for all of them Hazard
 This may help you monitor your Communication
 If any are missing, contact your supplier and
own program to ensure that all
request one
employees are appropriately
 You should not allow employees to use any
trained
chemicals for which you have not received an
MSDS

Preparing and implementing a hazard Recognizing Chemical Health

communication program
Effects-What to Look for.
 All workplaces where employees are
 Symptoms appear while you are at work.
exposed to hazardous chemicals must have  Symptoms get worse during the work week but go
a written plan away when you are off.
 The plan does not have to be lengthy or  Fellow employees have reported similar
symptoms.
complicated

11/19/2023 Industrial Safety Lecture Three 60

10
 19.11.2023

Forms of Chemical Hazards Chemical Spill Response

CFR 1910.120 Hazardous Waste Operations and Response Standard (HAZWOPER)

 Solids, Liquids, Gases, Vapors, Mists, Dusts, and  Option #1-Evacuate employees and call in
Fumes. professional emergency response personnel.
 Exposure Routes (EAP) 29 CFR1010.38(a)

 Option #2-Respond internally. (EAP) 29 CFR

1010.120

11/19/2023 Industrial Safety Lecture Three 61 11/19/2023 Industrial Safety Lecture Three 64

Control of Chemical Hazards and

Exposures First Aid for Chemical Exposure
 Engineering and Mechanical Controls  Ingestion
 Personal Protective Equipment  Inhalation
 Administrative and Procedural Controls  Skin Contact
 Eye Contact
 Burns

11/19/2023 Industrial Safety Lecture Three 62 11/19/2023 Industrial Safety Lecture Three 65

Review
 1. Give the names of the two chemical hazards.
 2. What name is given to a chemical which will burst into
Chemical Spill Response flame when contacted by air?
 3. What term is given to chemicals which can cause and /or
support fire in other materials?
 Requires Special Training  4. What is a health hazard?
 5. Which kind of health hazard destroys skin on contact?
 6. Chemicals that cause sterility, fetal death, and birth
defects are called ____________.
 What can I do?  7. What is a carcinogen?
 8. Give the three states in which a chemical can exist.
 9. Give the three ways employees can be exposed to health
hazards.
 10.What are the most common skin contact hazards?
 11.What is an MSDS?
 12.What kind of information is found on the MSDS?

11/19/2023 Industrial Safety Lecture Three 63 11/19/2023 Industrial Safety Lecture Three 66

11