Bunotare A Proposed Indoor Slippers Through The Feasibility of Rice Straws and Coconut Husks

BUNOT’ARE: A PROPOSED INDOOR SLIPPERS THROUGH THE
FEASIBILITY OF RICE STRAWS AND COCONUT HUSKS
CHAPTER I
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
INTRODUCTION
Wherever places we go; to outdoors and indoors, footwear has always been
a necessity. The so-called slippers have become a part of our daily routines since
they offer numerous purposes; it keeps our living environment cleaner and
healthier as well as providing comfort and protection to our feet (Slipeprs, 2023).
Thus, to make something new and different, we as researchers devised an idea to
make an indoor slipper that attempts to be sturdier and more efficient by making
use of rice straws and coconut husks. In addition, we will examine its level of
acceptability. Rather than disregarding or burning these two materials that has the
potential to pollute the air, ground, or sea – occasionally, we can turn these trashes
into a treasure one. Hence, we considered it as a chance to craft an alternative
abaca indoor slipper.
We will examine the proposed indoor slippers made of rice straws and
coconut husks if it’s efficient and has something to contribute. Considering these
points, less fossil fuels and natural resources will be used as the two main
ingredients are assured to be free of harmful chemicals, microplastics, or artificial
substances (Anh ha, 2023).

Coconut husks, which are known as coir, are widely utilized in many
different products for its efficiency, that is why we thought of it as a more durable
additive to rice straws. On the contrary, rice straws, or dayami, is commonly
regarded as an agricultural waste product produced from harvested rice plants. It
is typically burned in the fields, which adds profoundly to pollution – which what
everyone wants to mitigate. Nevertheless, our target will be the Millennials located
at Fortuna, Floridablanca, Pampanga. This to gather data that will benefit us
throughout making the said product; looking at the point that most adults know
what they prefer and can bring an utmost comment about something.
Aside from that, the preparation and making of the proposed product will
be on 7th of October, 2023. The process of the proposed product will begin by
getting the ingredients in San Francisco, Lubao, Pampanga. There, we saw that
the rice field was ready for harvest and can acquire as enough as 14 kilograms of
rice straws. Then, we will find and ask for a sack of dry coconut husk in the public
market around Floridablanca, Pampanga, mainly from the coconut vendors or
sellers. After gathering the raw materials, we will now make the product.
The ingredients are as follows: 1 cup of water, 60 ml of cornstarch, 1
tablespoon of baking soda, 1/4 cup of water, 1 tablespoon of vinegar, and 3
tablespoons of sugar. To start off, we are going to mix 25 ml of glue, 60 ml of
cornstarch, and 3 liters of water.

Secondly, we are going to finely chop the coconut husks and rice straws for
a smooth texture, then we will boil it with 3 liters of water. After that, we will blend
the rice straws and coconut husks together until it softens. We will now soak and
filter the blended ingredients with the mixture of glue and cornstarch that is put
in the molder. To achieve firmness and efficiency, we will flatten it as thick as
possible. Afterwards, we will create the paste. To make this; cornstarch, baking
soda, sugar, vinegar, and water will be used. We will spread the mixture
throughout the flatten mixture until it dries. For the last step, we will use a flat
iron to press it and expose it to direct sunlight to achieve the dry texture. Once it’s
dried, we will use a slipper mold to create the slipper’s shape. To make it sturdier,
we will use an adhesive and wait for it to dry. With that, we can now think of a
design and weave it until it intertwines. After all, we will varnish it and expose it
to direct sunlight.
In order to make this attainable, the above-mentioned equipment will be
parted among the researchers. Additionally, the cost of purchasing the additives
will be divided. On the specified date, we will gather to obtain raw materials from
the public markets in the town and the rice field at San Francisco, Lubao,
Pampanga.
To put it succinctly, we came up with an indoor slipper that attempts to be
durable and feasible just by making use of rice straws and coconut husks.
By using these agricultural waste products, we show beyond doubt that
those trashes frequently take no notice of can be easily turned into a treasure one.
Thereupon, this study aims to make this indoor slipper a thoroughly ameliorated
one.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
This study aims to examine the level of acceptability of the alternative
indoor slippers produced from rice straws and coconut husks.
Specifically, this study seeks to answers the following questions:
1. How may the level of acceptability of the proposed alternative indoor slippers
made from rice straws and coconut husks be described terms of:
1.1 Durability,
1.2 Comfortability and
1.3 Aesthetics?
2. Is there a significant relationship between the level of acceptability of the
proposed alternative indoor slippers made from rice straws and coconut husks in
terms of durability, comfortability and aesthetics?

3. After the findings of the investigatory project, what possible alternative indoor
slippers may be proposed?
HYPOTHESIS
Ho1: The proposed indoor slippers are acceptable in terms of durability.
Ho2: The proposed indoor slippers are acceptable in terms of comfortability.
Ho3: The proposed indoor slippers are acceptable in terms of aesthetics.

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
1. Alternative Indoor Proposal of Indoor

• Utilization of the
Slippers Slippers Through the
observable checklist for
testing materials. Feasibility of Rice
2. Level of Straws and Coconut
Acceptability • Validation of the Husks
observable checklist in
• Durability testing the proposed
material.
• Comfortability
• Administration and
• Aesthetics
conducting of the test
3. Respondents
• Statistical Treatment
• Correlation Tests
FEEDBACK
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The respondents will benefit from the proposed indoor slippers as they will
make their everyday stay at home more convenient and worry-free. Considering
that it's not made of plastic, rubber, or terry cloth, it will be easier for them to
move around the house and be cleaner when they're wearing a home slipper.
COMMUNITY. The proposed home slippers made of rice straws and
coconut husks will benefit the community because of their use and materials. They
can use the slipper inside their house and save money by not buying a slipper
made of plastic, rubber, or terry cloth. The slippers can be used by homebodies to
prevent them from having cold feet and make the house cleaner.
ENVIRONMENT. As protecting the environment is the main benefit, the
proposed indoor slippers will help the environment. Slippers made of rubber,
plastic, or terry fabric have an impact on the environment. They will throw away
or burn them after they have been used, which could have a negative impact on
the environment. The slipper itself is made of no substance, such as plastic,
rubber, or terry cloth, which helps to reduce environmental pollution.
MANUFACTURERS. With the aid of this study, the manufacturers would
be able to create a new product that can improve the environment and the
community. They can use this product to make money due to the benefits of the
material itself.
FUTURE RESEARCHERS. This study may, one hopes, encourage
researchers to conduct related studies. They might elaborate more and use their
research in a wider context.
SCOPE AND DELIMITATION
This experimentation’s intent is to develop an alternative indoor slipper by
making use of rice straws and coconut husks. Additionally, us researchers wants
to see its level of acceptability. Given that it uses an organic raw material, we will
examine its capability and acceptability to the respondents around Floridablanca,
Pampanga.
Restrictively, this projects’ target is to only look into the Millennials of
Barangay Fortuna. Therefore, the respondents that will be selected has to try the
alternative indoor slippers produced from rice straws and coconut Husks. The
researchers may randomly select or ask some of their associates to take part in
the experimentation. The process of gathering the data will involve formulated
questions and surveys.

DEFINITION OF TERMS
DURABILITY - it refers to the strength and the ability to withstand many
physical stresses.
COMFORTABILITY - the quality of being comfortable or of affording ease
or comfort, whether physical or emotional.
AESTHETICS - defines a design's pleasing qualities.
NOTES
Slipeprs, (2023). Why Should I Wear Slippers Around the House? Benefits
of Wearing Slippers. Retrieved from:
https://shop.soletosoulfootwear.com/blogs/mephisto/why-should-i-wear-slippers-
around-the-house-benefits-of-wearing-slippers, 11-03-23.
Anh ha, (2023). Rice Straws: A Complete Guide on New Eco-friendly
Edible Straws. Retrieved from: https://shopequo.com/blogs/blog/rice-
straws?fbclid=IwAR1zJDYaBIgGyhlTz28F0MfbYePlde1AHFxqiRgAA2V628btt3u-
5__n7Ho, 22-09-23.
CHAPTER II
THE REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
LITERATURE
In Asia, where rice and straw are grown at increasing rates annually to meet
demand, managing rice straw is still a challenge. One of the main causes of
Southeast Asia's dangerously high air pollution levels, which are linked to health
problems, is the widespread burning of rice straw. Simultaneously, scientists and
engineers are creating a variety of substitute applications for rice straw that
transform it into a commodity around which long-term value chains can be
constructed to help rural communities. Depending on the situation, burning rice
straw may not always be the best option. This book offers a summary of these
choices and incorporates information on business models, value chains, and
sustainable methods for managing rice straw. (Hung, 2019)
In tropical nations, coconuts (Cocos nucifera) are widely farmed. The
growing demand for sustainable, renewable, biodegradable, and recyclable
materials has led to an increase in the use of coir fiber-reinforced biocomposites
made from coconut husks. Coconut shells and husks are typically disposed of as
waste, but they can be important raw materials to produce environmentally
friendly biocomposite materials.

For coir fiber-reinforced biocomposite materials to function, the fibers must
be stiff and strong. However, due to the heterogeneous coir material properties,
the generated biocomposites, being bio-based materials, exhibit a range of
performance characteristics. (Hasan, 2021)
These shoes are constructed from rice straw and jute string, as the name
would imply. They are required for funeral rites and are mostly utilized as room
shoes within the home. During the first twelve days after giving birth, new mothers
also watch these shows. But recently, new moms have begun to wear different
types of warmer sandals. To make straw shoes, you need dried straw. After
soaking the straw in water to soften it, it is woven using a finger-knot method. To
make trimming the finished shoe easier, they begin weaving from the middle of
the straw. For jute shoes, the procedure is the same. (Bhuju K. 2017)
Making "Zori," a traditional footwear, is an experience. Niigata Prefecture
has a long history of rice cultivation, and numerous straw crafts employing rice
straw have been actively carried out. Until about 70 to 80 years ago, families
fashioned zori sandals out of rice straw to earn a living during the cold winter
months. Nowadays, straw craftsmen are quite rare, and straw crafts are extremely
rare.
This type of hands-on experience is becoming increasingly rare, but witnessing
how the shoes are manufactured by hand in the blink of an eye is a work of art.
(Niigata, 2019)
You have more control over the colors and textures when you make your
own paper. After that, the paper can be used for several crafts, such as paper
crafts, scrapbooking, and card making. The addition of coir or coconut fiber gives
the paper additional texture. A byproduct of the coconut industry is coir. It is robust
and brown, composed of hair-like strands that are found between the fruit and
husk of the coconut. When added to paper, it fortifies the material and gives it a
vivid, fibrous look and texture. (Attested from BlueCat Paper, 2020)
Three categories of products are made from coconut husk in the industrial
sector: mattress fiber, coir pith, and bristle fiber. There are numerous uses for the
fibers referred to as coir. The pith of coco fiber, also referred to as coco peat, is
spongy and lignocellulosic, allowing for rapid water absorption and retention. It
also improves aeration, supplies sufficient moisture to the plant, and helps to
maintain a healthy pH balance for plants. It is a byproduct of the extraction of
coconut fiber that decomposes naturally. As it is all natural, inexpensive,
biodegradable, soil conditioner, and simple to recycle, it is also environmentally
friendly. (Attested from UNESCAP Inter Government Organization, 2021)

The primary use of coconut husk as potting medium (plant growing media)
is for flowers like orchids, roses, and antrium. This plant provides excellent, flexible
growing material for several other significant food productions in addition to the
flower market. Because coconut husk can retain moisture, it promotes healthier
plant growth. Additionally, coconut husk has the following qualities that improve
plant support.
As coconut husk can retain moisture, it promotes healthier plant growth.
The following characteristics of coconut husk are also essential for plant
maintenance. (Coconut Vietnam, 2013)
Rice straw can be used either on its own or in combination with other
biomass materials for direct combustion, a process that uses steam turbines and
combustion boilers to generate heat and electricity. When rice straw has a 10%
moisture content, its energy content is about 14 MJ per kg. The by-products, fly
ash and bottom ash, have a marketable value, and can be utilized in the production
of cement, bricks, roads, embankments, and other construction materials. (Zafar,
2023)
Most tropical countries' coastal regions are home to coconut trees. In many
places, the husk from coconut production—which is known to produce the coarse
coir fiber—is widely accessible as an inexpensive byproduct. In this project, a
straightforward and effective method for making high-strength, high-density board

materials from whole coconut husks without the need for chemical binders has
been developed. The board has outstanding qualities that are on par with or even
better than those of commercial wood-based panels. The boards made from
compressed coconut husk can be prepared for polishing, planning, and drilling
using standard woodworking tools. However, pre-drilling is required before
screwing can be done because the board product is too hard to nail. (Dam et al.,
2004)
It is commonly recognized that an insulator's conductivity coefficient, or K-
value, plays a significant role in the process of heat transfer. This information
should be summed up in the abstract. Thus, the goal of this study is to find out
whether natural fiber-based environmentally friendly thermal insulation for
refrigeration pipes is feasible. Here, reinforcement is provided by combining rice
and coconut husks in a 1:1 ratio. The flexible foam is then combined with fibers at
a weight percentage ranging from 5 to 25%. Upon closer inspection, it was
discovered that the conductivity coefficient value increases with the fiber content
increased. (Khalid, 2023)
Open burning of straw in fields increases soil degradation, kills beneficial
soil microbes, and releases toxic greenhouse gasses. On the other hand, eco-
friendly materials for building noise abatement represent an important field of
study. The goal of the study was to identify a method for enhancing rice straw
reuse to promote the development of environmentally and agriculturally

sustainable land. The main material used to create porous composite boards for
sound attenuation applications was crushed rice straws. On the other hand, rice
straw loses its hollow space, which is an essential component of sound absorption.
Measurements of the sound absorption properties of rice straw stems, crushed rice
straw, and their mixture were made. (Kaloya, 2023)
Rice straws are agricultural waste that farmers and the public have not
used; they are regarded as waste with no economic value. However, rice straws
have significant potential when converted into solid fuel because of their high
volatile matter content, which makes them flammable. For this reason, rice straws
are used as raw materials in the production of biobriquettes. (Yerizam, 2018)
STUDIES
In the Philippines, farmers harvest 14.69 billion nuts annually for husk
production, and more than five billion for firewood to be used while the copra is
drying. Large volumes and waste are either left in the field with or without the
shell. The Division of According to the Philippines' Agriculture (DA), 9 billion husks
are burned or left in the field. This enormous quantity of husks could be a valuable
natural resource. Fibers are taken out of the coconut husk and used to create
geotextile and other produced goods like carpets, rugs, bags, mats, ropes, and
numerous other items. (Pogosa et al., 2018)

Coconut trees are crucial to many facets of the industrial sector. Given its
many applications, coconuts are a great tool because they meet many of a person's
basic needs, including clothing, shelter, food, and a source of income. In tropical
areas like the Philippines, it is incredibly plentiful. A significant component of
coconuts is their husk, whose high lignin content fibers act as a natural adhesive
to create binder less fiberboards.
The researchers concluded that the manufactured fiberboards and the
commercial fiberboards differ significantly in terms of their mechanical and
physical characteristics. As a result, the fiberboard that is created is very beneficial
to the construction sector since it is a cost-effective alternative to installing interior
furnishings and décor like cabinets and furniture. (Limjoco, 2019)
A creative and affordable method of creating slippers is by utilizing the bark
husk of coconut trees. In addition to being an environmentally friendly product
that stimulates foot reflexology more than synthetic textiles that rely solely on
chemicals, coconut slippers are made of natural coconut fiber material and offer
distinctive, fashionable, yet reasonably priced footwear. (Sangdaan, S. 2022)
A simple rice straw zori was used by the Japanese during the summer
months when the ground was dry. The slippers were made in the Philippines from
abaca or manila hemp fiber. The design of the Philippine bakya was presumably
influenced by other styles of Japanese slippers with wooden soles. The Japanese
wore another style of slipper called a geta during the rainy season. These were
flat-soled wooden sandals with two elevating pegs at the base. The pegs kept the
feet clean in puddles created by rain. (Limos, M. 2019)
In the Philippines, fiberboards composed of coconut husk and joined with
adhesives based on tannin may prove to be a cost-effective construction material
for the underprivileged. A plentiful and underutilized byproduct of the coconut
industry is coconut husk; tannins that are suitable for extraction could be obtained
from the bark of nearby tree species. (Niro & Kyriazopoulos, 2016)
The purpose of this study was to determine how well coconut husks, when
used as activated carbon, adsorb medicinal compounds. An equilibrium test was
carried out with different beginning concentrations to ascertain the effect required
for the best possible adsorption. Pharmaceuticals were added to the effluent to
create the false contamination. The analysis's findings proved that coconut husk
is a weak biosorbent for pharmaceutical goods, especially Ibuprofen, whose
adsorption percentage ranges from -14.5% to 14%, and paracetamol, whose
percentage only ranges from 8% to 38.5%. (Acosta et al., 2015)
A research study is carried out to use these waste materials into ash to
replace cement in the production of concrete to address the growing amount of
municipal and urban wastes caused by tough and heavy biodegradable wastes
from the widespread consumption of young coconut water and meat in municipal
and urban centers throughout the nation. The results of the study showed that
using young coconut husk ash as a partial replacement for cement up to 60% by
weight can result in mortar that is suitable for use in specific types of construction
applications. (Racaza & Cabahug, 2016)
To reduce the reverberation qualities of enclosed spaces and improve the
transmission loss qualities of absorption panels, a variety of absorbing materials
are widely employed. Natural fibers with a great potential for usage as acoustic
material include agricultural wastes like coconut coir.
This study reviews new high-end materials that are being developed as well
as agricultural wastes that can be substituted when practicality is a key
consideration in developing the scheme and specifications for acoustic design. To
sum up, the fiber from coconut coir possesses good properties of acoustic
absorption at relatively low audio frequency not exceeding 5,000 Hz. (Robles,
2007)
Despite being synthetic, costly, and non-biodegradable, plastic net is widely
used as a shading material for anthurium because it is easily obtainable in the
market. Conversely, growers of biodegradable and ornamental plants are
interested in using geo-textile net, a recycled waste product from coconuts, as a
natural shade for anthurium. This study examines the impact of using coconut
fiber geotextile net as a shade material for anthurium by comparing its financial
feasibility and anthurium life span to that of using plastic net in the same setting.
This suggests that geotextile can take the place of plastic net. Nevertheless,
compared to plastic net, the ROI of geo-textile net is lower. When it comes to the
materials' lifespan, the plastic net outlasts the geo-textile net. This finding might
advise gardeners to use geotextile net since it provides shade that is on par with
that of plastic net. (Lopez Jr et al., 2015)
15.2 million tons of rice are produced in the Philippines, leaving 11.3 tons
of rice straw on the fields. Rice straw is abundant and can be used for many
profitable activities, such as animal feed, mushroom cultivation, and composting.
As it is difficult to collect and there are few opportunities to use rice straw
as an additional source of income, it is still seen as having little value in the
Philippines. For easier management, rice growers would rather burn it in open
fields. The burning of 60–80% of rice straw in an open field result in air pollution
and greenhouse gas emissions. (Lojo, 2018)
The goal of this research is to create a substitute composite board material
that will make use of wastes generated by the rice sector. wood species,
agricultural fibrous wastes, and agricultural wastes can be utilized in the
production of composite boards, which inspired the researchers to employ the
wastes from rice plantations used as the product's raw ingredient. The outcomes
demonstrated the importance of the material quantity. 6.23 megapascals is the

strength of the 70:30 binder to fiber ratio, according to the Modulus of Rupture
Test, which should be utilized. The board passed both the nail head pull test and
the face screw holding test with a force of 105.90 kilograms. (Bunda et al., 2020)
Since that rice is a staple food for over half of the world's population—3.5
billion people—it has enormous potential to become a common biomass resource.
Approximately 700 million tons of rice straw are produced annually, with the
majority of it being disposed of, according to IRRI estimates of 6 tons of straw
produced for every 4 tons of rice grain. (Business Mirror, 2018)
For ruminants like buffaloes, cattle, goats, and sheep, rice straw is an easily
accessible, useful, and affordable source of feed. From their rice farm, livestock
producers typically haul and stack rice straw, which serves as reserved feed for
their animals during lean months or other times when high-quality roughages are
hard to come by. It has been demonstrated that providing ruminants with pure
rice straw during their rapid growth and early lactation phases impacts the animals'
body condition score and overall performance. This results from the straw's
increased protein content (from 4.0% to 4.7% crude protein) and decreased intake
of dry matter. Straw's high silica and lignin content also contribute to its low
digestibility (less than 50%) of nutrients (dry matter and protein). Therefore,
pretreatment of straw is necessary. (Aquino, 2019)

Rice straw is an abundant material that can be used to make compost or
organic fertilizer. Particularly considering that numerous laboratory tests have also
revealed the presence of advantageous nutrients in rice straw—which is typically
thought of as agricultural waste—that support plant growth and soil fertility. Rice
straw is frequently wasted and burned for disposal. Therefore, a survey was
required to find out what proportion of farmers compost rice straw within a
designated area, particularly in areas where rice cultivation has been prioritized.
(Muliarta, 2019)
The Philippines produces a lot of rice, and a significant amount of rice straw
is produced. Rice straw is regarded as a waste product because it is typically
burned in fields or thrown into rivers, which pollutes and releases greenhouse
gases into the atmosphere. The innovation in materials and manufacturing
techniques that allow us to produce products that are affordable, long-lasting, and
beautifully finished is the main topic of this study. Reusing rice straw as a building
material is one way to find a solution. This will be included to enhance the Concrete
Paving Block's functionality. The experimental results showed that adding rice
straw can increase the volume of the sample and at the same time it can make it
lighter. However, it was also found out that the higher the amount of rice straw
being added on the treatment, the strength of the paving block also decreases.
(Ire, 2019)
Most tropical countries' coastal regions are home to coconut trees. In many places,
the husk from coconut production—which is known to produce the coarse coir
fiber—is widely accessible as an inexpensive byproduct. In this study, a
straightforward and effective method for making high-strength, high-density board
materials from entire coconut husks without the need for chemical binders has
been devised. The board has outstanding qualities that are on par with or even
better than those of commercial wood-based panels. The boards made from
compressed coconut husk can be prepared for polishing, planing, and drilling using
standard woodworking tools. However, pre-drilling is required before screwing can
be done since the board product is too hard to nail. (Dam, 2004)
Rice straw contains cellulose as its main carbohydrate component, which is
the major constituent for making rice straw paper as an alternative use of the
residue. The objectives of this study were to determine a rice straw paper-making
process incorporating activated carbon (AC) and the effect of AC and the
glucomannan (GLU) content on the physical and mechanical properties, including
the ethylene adsorption capacity of rice straw paper containing AC. The results
showed that AC was an effective ethylene scavenger, and it was possible to
incorporate it into the rice straw paper-making process. Increasing the AC content
increased the ethylene adsorption capacity but decreased the strength of the AC-
rice straw paper. GLU maintained the strength of the rice straw paper but did not
affect the ethylene adsorption capacity. Incorporation of 30% AC content with

0.3% GLU in the AC-rice straw paper produced the maximum level of ethylene
scavenging (77%). Moreover, AC-rice straw paper is an environmentally friendly
material owing to its reusability, and it has the potential for applications in food
and agricultural packaging because it can act as an ethylene scavenger and
provide protection against mechanical damage. (Sothornvit, 2011)
As the significance of the coconut palm as a component of these nations'
internal and foreign economies has grown, producing nations have focused a great
deal of effort on enhancing their coconut items. In recent times, corporations and
research institutes have been established in the Philippines, India, and Ceylon with
the aim of conducting, supporting, or promoting agricultural, industrial,
technological, and economic research on the coconut palm and its products. A full-
time official for coconut product research was assigned by the Department of
Agriculture, Straits Settlements and Federated Malay States as early as 1929.
(Nathanael, 1959)
Value-added product production is lower when considering raw material
availability and market demands. Approximately, 40% of the nation's annual yield
of coconut by-products is utilized by the industry at the current level of production
of coir, charcoal, and activated carbon – the expansion of coconut husk use.
(Pandavisel, 2021)
Weaving coconut husks is a traditional way of creating household items that
are useful. This allows the production of charcoal briquettes in various sizes and
shapes. (Shameena, 2021)
The most well-known fibrous byproduct of coconut farming is coconut fiber.
At least 30 million tons of coconuts are produced worldwide each year, and they
are widely distributed along tropical nations' coasts. The coconut husk has a high
lignin and phenolic content, consisting of 70% pith and 30% fiber. (Gaspar et al.,
2020)
The creation of low-density thermal insulation boards from bagasse and
coconut husk without the need of chemical binding additives is described in this
study. The purpose of this study was to develop a thermal insulation that has a
smaller environmental impact than conventional materials. Thermal insulation is
used in Thai homes to reduce air conditioning loads. This article describes how the
properties of the insulation boards were affected by board density and pressing
conditions using the hot-pressing method. The mechanical characteristics of the
insulation boards made of bagasse and coconut husk were measured and
compared to the Thai standard, JIS A 5905: 2003 Insulation Fibreboards. (Fotios
& Panyakaew, 2011)
Coconut husk fibers were more resilient than oil palm bark, with a mean
diameter of 400 µm and a mean length of 103 mm fibrils. (Danso, 2017)

92 countries grow roughly 62 million tons of coconuts annually. Fibers have
long been derived from coconut trees, also known as palms, and the husks of
coconut fruits. Spines produced from coconut husks are commonly referred to as
"coir fibers" and are utilized in numerous applications. There are roughly 80–90 g
of copra or coconuts per unit of husk fibers in Asian coconuts, but Caribbean-
grown coconuts have thick shanks and may produce 150 g of fiber. (Yang, 2014)
Expansive soils denote clayey soil that not only possess the tendency
to swell but also to shrink when the prevailing moisture condition is allowed to
change. There are several ways to enhance the characteristics of expansive soil.
Researchers looked on the efficacy of lime made from seashells and coconut husk
in stabilizing the expanding rocks. Lime and coconut husks are easily accessible
materials and are also affordable. The findings were concluded that lime and
coconut husk powder are useful for enhancing. (Athira, 2015)
To increase the value of agro-industrial residues and reduce the need for
wood and its byproducts, fiberboards made from these residues have recently
been developed. However, when compared to standard products, new bioproducts
derived from residues do not guarantee increased resource efficiency or benefit
the environment by nature. These novel bioproducts' effects will be contrasted
with those of conventional products in order to promote advancements and
minimize possible environmental risks from the outset. This study evaluates the
environmental effects of recently developed fiberboards made from coconut husks

with the goal of identifying which should be improved upon and scaled up in the
future. (Freire et al., 2017)
The objective of this study was to determine the mechanical characteristics
of coconut husk paper and its products in order to evaluate how well the designs
met market demands and to establish management guidelines for the current
coconut husk paper manufacturers. The Kaset Lak Song Phattana Kaset Phopaing
Yang Yun community in Samut Sakhon's Ban Phaew District was the site of this
study. In order to enhance the mechanical properties of coconut husk paper, a
mixture of 95:5 and 70:30 coconut husk to Saa pulp was added. The outcomes
demonstrated that adding Saa pulp raised the tear index. The ideal proportion of
Saa to coconut husk paper was 70:30. The developed paper made from coconut
husks is now being produced for local commercial use. There is a 100-sheet
production capacity per cycle for five days, each sheet costing nine baths. The
items crafted from paper made from coconut husks include sachets of herbs, wall
clocks, and lamps. (Bussaban & Chumee, 2019)
Oryzatech has been granted patents and has patents pending for a
manufacturing process that turns waste rice straw into strong, stackable building
blocks. When utilized in construction, each "Stak Block" can be produced locally
and contains 96% recycled carbon to sequester carbon, earning LEED credit. The
company has started producing prototypes and is looking for investors to release
Stak Blocks for use in general construction. (Cordrey, 2009)

Farmers and plantations typically use coconut coir sacks to transport goods
like tobacco, cloves, coffee, tea leaves, etc. We frequently come across used
coconut coir sacks that have been ruined, torn, and damaged. Utilizing coconut
coir sacks is environmentally friendly, waste reduction, and protection of the
environment. This study employs an action and research model along with a
qualitative descriptive methodology. Creating paintings and other artwork on
canvas from discarded coconut coir sacks is the action model used. needs to be
done in a specific way by covering the pores in the sack with waterproof paint.
The study model involved testing the strength of waste coconut coir sacks and
keeping an eye out for them measuring the canvas's strength and evaluating the
coconut coir's longevity in comparison to paint. (Munib, 2021)
The fibers from coconut husks, also called coir, are very useful and can be
used to make many different products. For example, coir can be used to make
doormats, brushes, twine, particle board, biodegradable packing material, and
even floor tiles and mattresses. Coconut husk chips are also used as a planting
medium to help plants retain moisture and resist fungal growth. (Tondo, 2020)
People in rural South India often brush their teeth with the fibrous husk of
Cocos nucifera, or coconut, as part of their oral hygiene routine. Scientific evidence
has not yet been gathered to support the plant material's likely antimicrobial
qualities against common oral pathogens. As a result, the current investigation
was planned. It has been demonstrated that using it can significantly improve oral
health. The possibility to integrate these active compounds into a contemporary
oral care regimen in order to manage oral diseases is made possible by their
identification. (Jose et al., 2014)
By-products made from husk: Coir dust makes up 70% of the husk, and
fiber makes up about 30%. The main product made from the coconut husk is coir
and coir-derived products. Coir pith is used to make briquettes, mulch, and manure
(post-composting). For the tile and brick industries, coir pith briquettes can be
used as an alternative fuel to firewood. (Rostant, 2015)
North Sulawesi has an abundance of waste coconut fiber, but there has not
been much use or development of it yet. The primary reasons for the stagnation
of the coconut fiber industry are inadequate processing and product innovation. A
22% yield of liquid smoke is produced by pyrolysis of coconut husk. The FS-150
fraction is made from coconut coir at 150 degrees Celsius. FS-150 fraction mortality
test caused 80% insects' death at a 10% solution concentration and 60% at a 5%
concentration when exposed to E. tiny insects. The fraction FS-150's GC-MS
analysis yielded 21 compounds that fall into three categories. The compound's
third group consists of a compound that is anticipated to impact insects. (Anom &
Mamangkey, 2016)
Typically, plantations and farmers use coconut coir sacks to transport goods
like tobacco, cloves, coffee, tea leaves, and other items. Used sacks made of are
commonly found by damaged, shredded, and wasted coconut coir. Reducing waste
and protecting the environment are the goals of using coconut coir sacks. Together
with an action and research model, this study employs a qualitative descriptive
methodology. Creating artwork and paintings on canvases fashioned from
discarded coconut coir sacks is the action model employed. involves using a unique
method to fill the pores in the sack's holes with waterproof paint. The research
model involved testing the strength of waste sacks composed of coconut coir and
keeping an eye on availability. (Munib, 2021)
The abundant tropical coastal regions of Asia, Oceania, Africa, and Central
America are generally home to coconut trees. There are plenty of coconut husks,
a waste product from the production of coconut oil and copra. Ecocoboard is a
new, premium building board material made from the fibrous husk without the
need for chemical adhesives, thanks to an inventive production process.
Ecocoboard can compete in the market for premium wood-based panels and
boards for furniture and building applications, according to a techno-economic
evaluation of the process. (Van Dam, 2004)

CHAPTER III
METHODS OF RESEARCH
This chapter presents the research design, population and sample,
research locale, research instrument, data gathering procedure, data
analysis, and the product development.
RESEARCH DESIGN
As stated by Creswell (1994), the descriptive method of research is to
gather information about present existing condition. In addition, this survey
research designs are procedures in quantitative research in which investigators
administer a survey to a sample or to the entire population of people to describe
the attitudes, opinions, behaviors, or characteristics of the population.
Hence, us researchers will be using a descriptive design. We intend to seek
out how using the rice straws and coconut husk work as an indoor slipper to bring
out durability, comfortability, and aesthetics. During the study, the researchers
engaged two variables, which served as independent and dependent variables.
The final product on which this research aims will not be compared to any
indoor slippers. Thus, we only want to prove the acceptability of durability,
comfortability, and aesthetics in the proposed indoor slipper made out of rice
straws and coconut husks.

RESEARCH LOCALE
This investigatory project will be implemented at Barangay Fortuna,
Floridablanca, Pampanga. Us researchers planned to go for this place as we find
it within easy reach. Furthermore, as indicated in the 2015 Census by PhilAtlas,
29.05% make up the Fortuna’s number of adults ranging from 25 to 44 years old.
POPULATION AND SAMPLE
This research’ respondents will be the Millennials at Fortuna, Floridablanca,
Pampanga. As for us researchers seeing the Barangay Fortuna accessible and
within easy reach, hence, this barangay would be the source of our responses.
Then, our target are the ones who wear indoor slippers as we thought of it as an
advantage to gather a truthful opinion.
Since identifying the cases, people, or groups most suited to assisting in the
resolution of your research issue is the primary objective of purposive sampling,
we, the researchers, choose to employ this method. Selecting participants with
traits related to the research inquiry is the main goal of purposeful sampling. In
order to determine whether or not our suggested product is acceptable, our
research team employed purposive sampling. As mentioned, it is also used to
answer our research question which is if our proposed Bunot’are household
slippers are actually acceptable as a household slipper.

RESEARCH INSTRUMENT
The most widely utilized tool for performance evaluation is the observable
checklist. With a checklist, the observer can record only the presence or absence
of a trait. It comprises of a rundown of the actions, behaviors, or activities that
the observer notes during an occurrence. The observer must determine whether
a given activity has occurred. A check list is essentially a way to document whether
a specific attribute is whether they were present or not, or if a decision had been
made. This offers a straightforward "yes or no" conclusion. A checklist is a crucial
assessment tool in nursing that is used to gauge performance and expertise.
(Niketa, 2023)
The first part will be the researchers' initial item on their observable
checklist was a note of gratitude for the participants' engagement and a greeting
for them to communicate. Secondly, it consists guide and instruction on how the
participant will answer the given observable checklist durability, comfortability and
aesthetics. Lastly, the third part is table of scale, it includes the verbal
interpretation of scale; strongly acceptable, acceptable, slightly, unacceptable.

Data Gathering Procedure
The researchers will use both direct and indirect methods to gather the
needed data for the study. The researchers will observe the survey
questionnaire they created for the respondents, who will evaluate the
features of the product. The collected data from the survey will be processed,
analyzed, and interpreted. Moreover, the survey data will serve as the
foundation for the development of new and enhanced study products
The following were the steps for gathering the needed data:
1. The researchers will have a meeting for the preparation of the
product.
2. Product formulation and observation.
2.1. Have trial and error in order to produce the product.
2.2. Observe the product’s physical changes during the drying time.
2.3. Test the durability before and after the product is formed.
3. Product evaluation and assessment.
3.1. Durability
3.2. comfortability
3.3. Aesthetics
3.4. Selecting the respondents to evaluate the product with observable
checklist.
The collected data from the survey and will be processed, analyzed,
and interpreted. Moreover, the survey data will serve as the foundation for
the development of new and enhanced study products
DATA ANALYSIS
The gathered quantitative data will be processed, analyzed, and
interpreted. A frequency distribution and a weighted mean will be applied to these
data. The Likert scale, along with its verbal explanation, will be used to analyze
and interpret the gathered data. Weighted Mean Verbal Description 3.26 - 4.00
highly acceptable 2.51 - 3.25 acceptable 1.76 - 2.50 slightly acceptable 1.00 - 1.75
unacceptable
The researchers will utilize descriptive statistics in order to see the averages
of the responses in terms of level of acceptability by means of durability,
comfortability and aesthetics of the proposed product. The first descriptive
statistics is percentage. One quantity is divided by another, and the resultant is
rebased to 100, to obtain percentage statistics. The sign for percentages is %.
They are helpful not only for comparisons but also for analyzing differences with
respect to a baseline or starting value. While the second one is weighted mean. A
weight is applied to each value in a data set to determine the weighted mean,
which is a kind of arithmetic mean that is computed by combining the results.
When there are differences in the relevance of the values in a data collection, the
weighted mean is frequently employed.

The researcher will attempt to test the relationship between the level of
acceptability of the proposed product. first one is spearman rho for nonlinear
relationship. Spearman rho is a nonparametric metric for rank correlation, or the
statistical relationship between two variables' rankings. while for the linear
relationship is Pearson r. Pearson r the method most frequently used to calculate
a linear correlation. The correlation coefficient, which ranges from -1 to 1, indicates
the degree and direction of the association between two variables. The correlation
coefficient (r) of Pearson
Weighted Mean Verbal Description
3.26 - 4.00 Strongly Acceptable
2.51 - 3.25 Acceptable
1.76 - 2.50 Slight Unacceptable
1.00 - 1.75 Unacceptable
PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT
Phase I: Planning Phase
The researchers would like to examine how efficient rice straws and
coconut husks in doing the proposed indoor slippers and how this product
contribute to the nature of slippers.

The following issues regarding the product were raised during
brainstorming sessions and meetings with researchers throughout the
planning phase:
1. Assessing the formulation of the product.
2. Identifying the tools and materials to be used.
3. Checking the availability and cost of the tools and materials to be

used.
4. Procedures to be done in making the product.
Phase II: Designing Phase
To craft the proposed product, we made sure that all the materials and tools
are complete to lessen the hassle and distractions when crafting the said product.
First and foremost, chopping the rice straws and coconut husks into bits is a must
as this will be observed on the finished products’ texture. Next one, these two (2)
raw materials will be boiled for at least 2 hours – this is to make the product more
durable. After the boiling phase, we will now blend it using a blender for it to be
thoroughly grind. As for that, a screen like filter rectangle-shaped will be used to
soak the blended materials into a mixture of glue and cornstarch that is put in a
large basin – enough for the filter to fit. Us researchers discovered that soaking
and filtering the mixture as thick as possible will help the product sturdier and
durable.
After the making phase, we will now form the soaked and filtered materials
into a flatten rectangular shaped – suitable for making a stack for the slippers.
Then, we will use a sponge to absorb the excess liquid out of soaking and filtering
it. Afterwards, we will create the paste. To make this; cornstarch, baking soda,
sugar, vinegar, and water will be used. We will spread the mixture throughout the
flatten mixture until it dries. Finally, we will use a flat iron to press it and expose
it to direct sunlight to achieve the dry texture. Yet, too much exposure from
sunlight can make the product more fragile.
Once it’s dried, we will use a slipper mold to create the slipper’s shape. To
make it sturdier, we will use an adhesive and wait for it to dry. With that, we can
now think of a design and weave it until it intertwines. After all, we will varnish it
until it is polished.
Phase III: Development Phase
MATERIALS:
Rice Straws
Coconut Husks
Water
Cornstarch
Baking Soda
Vinegar
Sugar
Glue
TOOLS:
Knives
Chopping Board
Molder
Sponge
Filter
Flat Iron
Slipper Mold
Nylon Thread
Blender
Brush
Logs
PROCEDURES:
1. Finely chop the two (2) main materials
2. Boil it until it softens
3. Blend the boiled materials thoroughly
4. Soak and filter the blended materials with the mixture of glue and
cornstarch
5. Form the mixture as thick as possible and flatten it
6. Form the mixture into a rectangular shape and put the paste on both
sides.
7. Expose it from direct sunlight
8. Form the mixture into a slipper shape using a slipper mold
9. Design it depending on what you prefer
10. Weave it until it intertwines
11. Varnish it
12. Let it dry
Phase IV: Trial and Error Phase
This phase was created to create the best formulation of the indoor
slippers with the goal of improving its properties with respect to the target
descriptions using the trial-and-error method.
Target Description:
✓ Durability
✓ Comfortability
✓ Aesthetics
TRIAL # 1
Materials and Procedures Outcome Problem Solution

Tools
- Rice Straws Durability: The (1) The two (2) raw (1) Chopping rice
- Coconut target durability materials were straws and
Husks is achieved. not finely coconut husks
- Knives chopped. thoroughly gives
- Chopping Comfortability:
Board (2) The mixture for improvement in
The target
- Molder the adhesive to terms of the
comfortability is be put in the products’
- Blender achieved. smoothness and
- Filter soaked and
- Sponge filtered product efficiency.
Aesthetics: were (2) Gradually
- Adhesive The target
- Nylon congealing. stirring the
appearance is
Thread (3) The product cornstarch and the
achieved. other ingredients
was too
exposed in the for the adhesive
sunlight. while pouring
enough amount of
water helps
achieve its ideal
consistency.
(3) A maximum of
6 hours exposed
from direct
sunlight is enough
to attain the right
texture and
maintain its
durability.
ETHICAL CONSIDERATION
As indicated by Bryman and Bell (2007), the following ten points represent
the most important principles related to ethical considerations in dissertation:
1. Research participants should not be subjected to harm in any ways whatsoever
2. Respect for the dignity of research participants should be prioritized
3. Full consent should be obtained from the participants before the study
4. The protection of the privacy of research participants has to be ensured
5. Adequate level of confidentiality of the research data should be ensured
6. Anonymity of individuals and organizations participating in the research has to
be ensured
7. Any deception or exaggeration about the aims and objectives of the research
must be avoided
8. Affiliations in any forms, sources of funding, as well as any possible conflicts of
interests have to be declared
9. Any type of communication in relation to the research should be done with
honesty and transparency
10. Any type of misleading information as well as representation of primary data
findings in a biased way must be avoided.


Bunotare A Proposed Indoor Slippers Through The Feasibility of Rice Straws and Coconut Husks

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BUNOT’ARE: A PROPOSED INDOOR SLIPPERS THROUGH THE

FEASIBILITY OF RICE STRAWS AND COCONUT HUSKS

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Thus, to make something new and different, we as researchers devised an idea to

into a treasure one. Hence, we considered it as a chance to craft an alternative

abaca indoor slipper.

ingredients are assured to be free of harmful chemicals, microplastics, or artificial

substances (Anh ha, 2023).

additive to rice straws. On the contrary, rice straws, or dayami, is commonly

regarded as an agricultural waste product produced from harvested rice plants. It

at Fortuna, Floridablanca, Pampanga. This to gather data that will benefit us

market around Floridablanca, Pampanga, mainly from the coconut vendors or

The ingredients are as follows: 1 cup of water, 60 ml of cornstarch, 1

tablespoon of baking soda, 1/4 cup of water, 1 tablespoon of vinegar, and 3

tablespoons of sugar. To start off, we are going to mix 25 ml of glue, 60 ml of

cornstarch, and 3 liters of water.

in the molder. To achieve firmness and efficiency, we will flatten it as thick as

In order to make this attainable, the above-mentioned equipment will be

To put it succinctly, we came up with an indoor slipper that attempts to be

By using these agricultural waste products, we show beyond doubt that

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This study aims to examine the level of acceptability of the alternative

indoor slippers produced from rice straws and coconut husks.

Specifically, this study seeks to answers the following questions:

1.2 Comfortability and

2. Is there a significant relationship between the level of acceptability of the

terms of durability, comfortability and aesthetics?

slippers may be proposed?

Ho1: The proposed indoor slippers are acceptable in terms of durability.

Ho2: The proposed indoor slippers are acceptable in terms of comfortability.

Ho3: The proposed indoor slippers are acceptable in terms of aesthetics.

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

1. Alternative Indoor Proposal of Indoor

COMMUNITY. The proposed home slippers made of rice straws and

ENVIRONMENT. As protecting the environment is the main benefit, the

the environment. The slipper itself is made of no substance, such as plastic,

rubber, or terry cloth, which helps to reduce environmental pollution.

MANUFACTURERS. With the aid of this study, the manufacturers would

research in a wider context.

SCOPE AND DELIMITATION

This experimentation’s intent is to develop an alternative indoor slipper by

examine its capability and acceptability to the respondents around Floridablanca,

Restrictively, this projects’ target is to only look into the Millennials of

questions and surveys.

DURABILITY - it refers to the strength and the ability to withstand many

COMFORTABILITY - the quality of being comfortable or of affording ease

or comfort, whether physical or emotional.

AESTHETICS - defines a design's pleasing qualities.

of Wearing Slippers. Retrieved from:

Anh ha, (2023). Rice Straws: A Complete Guide on New Eco-friendly

Edible Straws. Retrieved from: https://shopequo.com/blogs/blog/rice-

THE REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

problems, is the widespread burning of rice straw. Simultaneously, scientists and

transform it into a commodity around which long-term value chains can be

constructed to help rural communities. Depending on the situation, burning rice

choices and incorporates information on business models, value chains, and

sustainable methods for managing rice straw. (Hung, 2019)

In tropical nations, coconuts (Cocos nucifera) are widely farmed. The

growing demand for sustainable, renewable, biodegradable, and recyclable

materials has led to an increase in the use of coir fiber-reinforced biocomposites

waste, but they can be important raw materials to produce environmentally

friendly biocomposite materials.