1.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The study aims to comprehensively investigate the distinctive characteristics of

the specified section of the Naval-Caibiran cross-country road, ranging from

K1041+500 to K1041+590. This research will systematically address various essential

aspects.

Firstly, the topography and traffic profile of the location will be examined. This

includes a thorough analysis of the landscape position, elevation, and steepness under

the category of topography. In terms of the traffic profile, the study will consider

factors such as traffic volume and types of vehicles.

Secondly, the road condition from K1041+500 to K1041+590 will be assessed to

gain insights into its current state such th.

The third aspect of the study involves investigating soil properties through

specific tests. This includes the Particle Size Analysis Test, Specific Gravity Test,

Atterberg Limit Test (covering liquid limit and plastic limit), Compaction Test, and

California Bearing Ratio Test (CBR).

Lastly, based on the findings of the study, the research will propose a road

improvement plan and recommendation for the specified section (K1041+500 to

K1041+590). This plan and recommendation aims to address and enhance the

identified characteristics and conditions of the subgrade soil, topography, traffic

profile, and road condition.

 CHAPTER III

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Department of Public Works

Topographic and Highways (DPWH)
profile of the road Planning and Design

Visual survey of the area

○ Road cracks
○ Depressions
Road Condition Road Improvement
○ Pot holes and Recommendations
○ Crumbling edges

Series of Tests:
Soil Properties ○ Particle Size Analysis Test
○ Specific Gravity Test
○ Atterberg Test
○ Compaction Test
Traffic Profile
○ California Bearing Ratio Test.

Survey of the area:

○ Traffic Volume
○ Vehicle Type

The researchers will utilize the input-process-output representation in a

systematic way to address road failures along the designated Naval-Cabirian cross-

country route in Biliran. Three stages of a system are represented by the IPO model:

input, process, and output. Models of inputs include efforts and consumables added to

a system at the start of its lifecycle. The outcome generated by the system is modeled
as an output. As proposed by MacCuspie et al. (2014), the process is modeled as the

conversion of the inputs to the outputs.

The initial step involves assessing the topographic area where road issues are

prevalent. Simultaneously, the condition of the road, the soil properties in the research

locale, and the traffic profile are thoroughly examined.

Following this, a consulting process is initiated with the Department of Public Works

and Highways (DPWH) Planning and Design sector to integrate insights from the

topographic assessment. Visual surveys of the area are conducted to identify road

cracks and depressions. Simultaneously, a comprehensive survey of the area is carried

out to gather data on traffic volume and vehicle types. In addition, a series of tests,

including the Particle Size Analysis Test, Specific Gravity Test, Atterberg Test,

Compaction Test, and California Bearing Ratio Test, are executed to analyze soil

properties.

The synthesis of information from the DPWH consultation, visual surveys, area

surveys, and soil tests culminates in the output—Road Improvement and

Recommendations. This final stage represents the strategic formulation of plans and

suggestions to enhance the road, considering the interplay between topography, road

condition, soil characteristics, and the dynamic traffic profile. The goal is to propose

effective measures that ensure the road's stability, safety, and efficiency in meeting the

diverse transportation needs of the region.