ENGLISH COMPOSITION

General objectives :
1. To develop the ability and skill among students to write correct English.
2. To enable students to comprehend English in their own way.
3. To develop and increase the interest of students in English language.
4. To help or assist the students in developing writing skill of English or linguistic
ability.
5. To assist the students in organizing and expressing their own thinking and feeling.
Specific objectives :
1. To acquaint the students with Deepawali festival
2. To organize the students experiences and feelings related to Deepawali.
3. To enrich the students vocabulary of English.
4. To develop the writing skills and way of expressing their own thinking, feelings and
imagination related to Deepawali festival in systematic way.

Outcomes
By the end of first-year composition, students will be able to:
 Compose writing projects through multiple drafts.
 Develop flexible strategies for reading, planning, drafting, collaborating,
revising, and editing.
 Use reading and composing processes as a means to discover, reconsider,
and deepen their ideas.

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Definition
The definition of Composition writing is the creation and organization of a
written paper or an essay on a topic in a field of study such as literature,
history, or sociology. By writing papers on a subject, students learn about the
subject in-depth. This type of writing should be well-focused and supported
with details gathered from research.
It is in another words, the study of fundamental reading and writing concepts
and skills. Reading comprehension, grammar, the writing process, citing
sources, and writing effectively to communicate ideas are topics usually
covered within English composition classes.
Higher education institutions offer an entire course on Composition writing
because it helps students recognize good writing and develop their own
communication skills. Moreover, students gain confidence when they learn to
make assertions and present evidence in a logical order.
English composition courses give you the foundation you'll need to write
essays, research papers and presentations. Some types of classes include the
following:

English Composition I
This course is typically required for all college students, and it involves the
fundamentals of writing. Topics covered include the Modern Language
Association (MLA) style guideline, essay structure and development, and
critical thinking skills inherent in coherent writing. These courses are typically
writing intensive, with essays and writing exercises making up the bulk of the
coursework.

English Composition II
Students in this course will expand upon the skills learned in English
Composition I. Researching sources, writing informative essays, and
developing literary critiques are some of the topics that may be covered. This
course may expect a documented paper with cited sources, as well as
persuasive essays and literary annotations.

Advanced English Composition

This type of course may focus on writing for different purposes, such as
technical writing, or writing resumes and personal statements. Also covered
are more advanced techniques for persuasive essays, claims of fact and
cause, and more rigorous methods of research. Rhetorical analysis and
composition theories may also be covered. Students may be expected to
present papers and essays.

English Composition for Non-Native Speakers

English Composition designed for the non-native speaker may focus on
vocabulary, grammar and structure. Students may also place more focus on
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professional writing skills like proposals or academic essays. Also covered
might be editing assignments and how to organize work effectively.

English Composition Basics

This type of course is designed to help students hone fundamental writing
skills and improve vocabulary. Students may also work on reading
comprehension and critical analysis of reading and writing, as well as grammar
and syntax.

A - Types of Composition
There are four types of composition writing: description, narration, exposition,
and argumentation. Each type has a distinct purpose and pattern of organization.

1- Description
The objective of descriptive composition is to present a subject with enough
details for a reader to imagine what the subject is like. An essay about a place,
for example, often called a travelogue, gives specific details about a location's
food, architecture, music, and history. An essay about a person, a profile, gives
specific details about that person's character and influence. To organize a
description essay, writers often present an overview first and then, like a
camera zooming closer to a subject, will focus on specific details to add color.

2- Narration
Composition of narration comes from storytelling. Some movies and plays use
a narrator to explain what happens before a story begins or what happens
between scenes. Writers tell an autobiographical story about what happened
to them by relating events in first-person point of view. For example, a writer
may use narration to compose a memoir about their first trip overseas and
arrange the story in chronological order, in the way events really happened, or
they may arrange the events thematically to emphasize an insight learned
from several experiences.

3- Exposition
Exposition comes from a Latin word that means "to show forth." In composition
writing, exposition is used "to show forth" essential information about a topic.
For example, a composition about a historical topic would include background
exposition about the details leading up to the event, which provides a context
for the reader. Writers organize expositions according to subject and purpose,
sometimes referred to as "how to" process writing. A writer may use exposition
to describe how a process or object works, such as an engineer explaining
how wind turbines generate power, or, if the exposition compares wind and
solar power, the writing might be arranged around the key differences between
the two.

4- Argumentation
Argumentation is a form of composition that sets forth a case (makes an
assertion) about a debatable topic. A writer will research what others say about
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a topic and will respond in a reasonable way. For example, a writer may set
forth a case for or against the use of wind power as an alternative form of
energy using persuasive evidence for their side of the issue.
Often, argumentation compositions include opposing arguments, called
counterarguments, to increase the strength of an assertion. Argumentative
writing can be arranged from the weakest to the strongest or most persuasive
point to build up the argument.

B - The Parts of an Essay

The parts of an essay or composition often are divided into five parts,
or paragraphs, to help beginning writers learn how to organize their thoughts.

The parts include:

The introductory paragraph that sets up the composition's premise and usually
presents the writer's thesis. A thesis is the main idea, the assertion a writer
makes about a topic. An example of an argumentation assertion would be,
"Wind power is a good alternative energy because it is environmentally clean
and can benefit the local economy."
Three paragraphs of support that explain in detail why the thesis is
reasonable.
The concluding paragraph that wraps up the essay.
Intended as a model, the five part-essay helps writers plan their research,
organize their thoughts, and present their final written composition. The five-
part essay is used to help writers understand how to unify a composition.
Because many topics are too complex to discuss in only five paragraphs, this
structure also provides the writer with a foundation upon which to build a
longer, more fully developed essay.

B-1 Composition Writing Examples

A composition about the benefits of wind power might make these points:
The introduction, paragraph one, explains why wind power is used as an
alternative energy source. In the introduction, a writer may ask a question
about a topic, such as whether the benefits outweigh the drawbacks of wind
power, or assert a claim plus reasons. A sample thesis might be, "Although
there are some drawbacks to wind power, the benefits of this alternative
energy outweigh the drawbacks because wind power supplies clean energy,
brings revenue to a local economy, and reduces dependence on fossil fuels."
The introduction may acknowledge the drawbacks of wind power in order to
present the other side of the debate.

B-1 a. The three paragraphs of support:

 Paragraph two explains why the clean energy of wind power is important.
 Paragraph three explains how wind power provides revenue for a community.
 Paragraph four explains how wind power can reduce dependence on fossil
fuels.

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The Conclusion, paragraph five, confirms why the benefits of wind power outweigh
the risks.

B-2 Frequently Asked Questions

What is the format of composition?
The parts of an essay or composition are often divided into five parts or
paragraphs to help beginning writers learn how to organize their thoughts:

 The introductory paragraph that sets up the composition's premise

and usually presents the writer's thesis. A thesis is the main idea, the
assertion a writer makes about a topic.
 Three paragraphs of support giving reasons why the thesis is
reasonable.
 The concluding paragraph that wraps up the essay.

Intended as a model, the five part-essay helps writers plan their research,
organize their thoughts, and present their final written composition. Most topics
are too complex, however, to fit into the simple five-paragraph model, so the
five-part essay is used to help writers understand how all the parts unify a
composition.
How do you write a composition?
Writing a composition can be broken down into these steps:
1 Research a topic
2 Create an outline of the main points each paragraph will cover
3 Write a draft, a writer's initial thinking about a topic
4 Revise for the big ideas that unify the composition
5 Edit to fine tune and polish the draft
What is an example of a composition?
A composition about the benefits of wind power might present the benefits and
drawbacks of wind power. A composition presents a thesis (an assertion plus
reasons) about the topic. A thesis about wind power might make an assertion
that wind power is a good source of alternative energy. The thesis may also
provide claims to support the topic.
What are the five parts of an essay?
There are five paragraphs in most formal essays. The first paragraph
introduces the topic and evidence. The three body paragraphs include the
evidence or argument. The conclusion paragraph summarizes the paper.

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Are formal essays personal?
Formal essays are not personal. They do not include personal opinions.
Formal essays are used to inform or educate the audience.
What is a formal essay example?
Examples of formal essays include a compare and contrast essay, a cause
and effect essay, an expository essay, and a argumentative essay.

C - Expository Essay Definition

Expository essays are fact-based essays focused on proving their writers'
point. A variety of different structures can be used to argue for, and support,
that point. These essays are used to expose information, informing a reader
about a topic using facts and convincing them of the writer's point of view.
Expository essays can be used to teach, advocate for a particular perspective,
defend an opinion, and much more.

C – 1 Types of Expository Essay

There are six major types of expository essays. Each type focuses on a
specific style of argument delivery and defense. Descriptive essays focus on
painting a holistic picture of a subject. It is through this development in writing
that a reader is convinced of the writer's point of view, and how they
understand what is being discussed. Alternatively, in compare and contrast
essays, the writer explores the pros and cons of a particular topic. By
establishing the pros and cons, the writer ultimately makes a case for how the
topic should be perceived. Readers of this essay are, ideally, also convinced
of this opinion.
The six major types of essays are:
a - Descriptive or Definition Essays

 Example topic: Define "holistic education" and explain why it should be

used in kindergarten classrooms

b - Cause and Effect Essays

 Example topic: How has the COVID-19 pandemic impacted Americans'

social skills?

c - Problem and Solution Essays

 Example topic: How has increased screen time impacted teen mental
health, and how can those impacts be addressed

d - Compare and Contrast Essays

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  Example topic: What are the pros and cons of following a vegetarian
diet?

e - Process Essays

 Example topic: A step-by-step guide to baking bread.

F - Classification Essays

 Example topic: Discuss the three most significant themes from the
novel Pride and Prejudice.

D - Descriptive Essay

A descriptive essay is a form of expository essay that allows for the most
creativity. Through descriptions that help readers experience what is being
written (what is being tasted, smelled, felt, heard, or seen), writers describe
specific events, places, or things. While factual data is an essential part of
these essays, descriptive expository essays also paint a mental portrait for
readers that helps them envision what is being described just as the writer
envisions it themselves.
Example topic: What are Reform Jewish weddings like in the United States?

g - Cause and Effect Essays

Cause and effect essays outline an event or impact (a "cause") and what
results from it (the "effects"). In these essays, writers can defend opinions
about causal relationships, grounding their arguments in facts. The intent is to
convince readers of the relationship between the cause and effect from the
writer's point of view.
Example topic: Explore the cause and effect relationship between heavy rain
and mudslides in the Pacific Northwest.
h - Process Essays
Process essays (also known as how-to essays) detail the step-by-step process
of completing a task. These essays can explore a simple task, such as making
a sandwich in a home kitchen, or a sizable procedure, such as the steps taken
to launch a rocket from initial sketching of a shuttle to its ultimate takeoff from
a launchpad.
Example topic: How to brush a dog's teeth.

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i - Problem and Solution Essays

Problem and solution essays explore both an issue and how it might best be
resolved. The intent is to convince readers that the proposed solution is the
best solution, and provide support for this solution.
Example topic: Responding to an oil spill.
j - Compare and Contrast Essays
Compare and contrast essays allow writers to juxtapose - or compare - two or
more things, and assess their similarities and differences. This juxtaposition
can be of characters in a book, ingredients used in a recipe, or any number of
things.
Example topic: Compare and contrast the health benefits of jogging versus
swimming.

E - Frequently Asked Questions

How do you write an expository essay?
An expository essay has three parts: an introduction (with a thesis statement
or argument), body paragraphs, and a conclusion that ties the main ideas of
what has been said in the essay together. Five paragraphs is a traditional
length for such an essay, but other lengths are also acceptable.
What is an example of an expository writing?
An example of expository writing is a how-to guide to boning a fish so that it is
safe for small children to eat. By outlining what should be done first, second,
third, and so on in order to remove all of a fish's bones, a writer establishes
what they feel is the best way to complete the task, and why.
A formal essay is a form of objective essay writing. Expository writing is
used to explain or inform the reader on a particular topic. Compare and
contrast essays will compare and contrast two or more topics. The cause
and effect essay will see how two topics are related. The argumentative
essay will prove a point on a controversial topic.
Most formal essays have five paragraphs. This includes an introduction
paragraph, conclusion paragraph, and at least 3 body paragraphs. The body
paragraphs will provide specific evidence to back up the author's main point.
The thesis statement is the last sentence in the introduction paragraph. It
serves as a summary of the paper.

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E - The introduction and the thesis statement
The introduction of an essay proceeds from general to specific ideas. The last
sentence in the introduction, the thesis statement, is the most specific idea in the
introduction. The thesis statement must communicate a clear idea or opinion; it
can never be a statement of fact.

General ideas
(The first sentence(s) of the introduction)
We don’t know the exact subject of the essay.
“No man is an island” wrote the English poet John Donne.

More Specific Ideas

(Several more sentences)
The subject becomes clearer

More Specific Ideas

(The thesis statement)
We know the author’s opinion

E .2 The body

The body of an essay gives support for the opinion or idea in the thesis
statement. Support can include facts, reasons, statistics, explanations, examples,
comparisons and contrasts, and recommendations.

EXERCISE

1. We should separate hardened criminals from the others.

2……………………………………………………………
3……………………………………………………………
4…………………………………………………………..

E .3 The conclusion

A conclusion is necessary because it brings an essay to a close. The conclusion

refers to ideas in the introduction and the thesis statement. It should not bring up

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new unrelated ideas. It is best to use different words in the conclusion from
those in the introduction to avoid repetition.

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