Westminster H.S.

 AP Chemistry Name ____________________________________

Period ___ Date ___/___/___
11  Properties of Solutions
SOLUTION COMPOSITION
Write the formula of each concentration in terms of solute, solvent, and/or solution:
molarity (M) molality (m) mole fraction (X) mass percent (%)

Each of these concentrations involves grams or moles of solute, solvent, or solution.

Useful Organizational Chart

mass (g or
moles (moles) volume (L or mL)
kg)

solute

solvent

solution

Notes: The mass and moles of solution = solute + solvent.

Density allows you to convert mass of solution to volume of solution.

Another concentration measure sometimes encountered is normality (N). Normality is defined as the number of
equivalents per liter of solution, where the definition of an equivalent depends on the reaction taking place in
the solution. (See page 513 in your textbook and study Table 11.2).

Sample Problems:
1. Assume you dissolve 2.56 g of malic acid, C4H6O5, in half a liter of water (500.0 g). Calculate the
molarity, molality, mole fraction, and mass percent (sometimes called weight percent) of acid in the
solution.

2. Fill in the blanks in the table. Aqueous solutions are assumed.

Compound Molality Mass Percent Mole Fraction

NaI 0.15
C2H5OH 5.0
C12H22O11 0.15
For homework, complete problems 29, 31, 33, 35 and 37 on page 544 of your textbook. Check for answers in
the back of the book before coming to class tomorrow.