Indus Valley Civilization Sites

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Mohenjo-Daro

The name Mohenjo-Daro means 'Mound of the Dead' in Sindhi. The city was built around 2600 BC and abandoned around 1700 BC.

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Evidence suggests that the city was highly prone to floods. Mohenjo-Daro was primarily an agricultural city. It was situated below the great

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mountain ranges, with rivers flowing abundantly through the land, depositing rich fertile soil. This made evident, the fact that agriculture was
the main occupation. There was a large well, a central marketplace and several granaries in the city. Near the granary was the great public

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bath house, known as the ‘Great Bath’.

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Harappa
Harappa is an archaeological site in Punjab, eastern Pakistan,. The site takes its name from a modern village located near the former course of

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the Ravi River.
The city is believed to have had as many as 23,500 residents and occupied over 100 hectares (250 acres).
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Kalibangan
● Located on banks of river Ghaggar, Rajasthan.
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● A ploughed field surface with furrow marks found from Early phase.
● Only site without images of mother Goddesses and construction of bathroom.
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● Fire altars and skeleton of camel found.

● Provides evidence of earliest earthquake (2550 BC).
● Bangle making industry.
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Banawali
● On ancient bed of Saraswati river, Haryana.

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● Clay model of plough found with small denomination stone weights.
● Several houses gave evidence of fire altars.

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Rakhigarhi
● Haryana

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● Game similar to ‘Pithu’ was played.
● A lapidary workshop and bone and ivory working site identified.

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Dholavira

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● On Kadir island, Kutch district, Gujarat.
● Most unique feature is division of city into three parts viz, Citadel, Middle Town and a lower Town.
● Longest inscription with ten pictographs in one single sentence found.
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● Water conservation system of channels and reservoirs.
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Chanhudaro
● Sindh, Pakistan. On banks of river Indus.
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● Only site without citadel, i.e. single mound site without fortification.
● Bead making factory, use of lipstick. •
● A male dancer stone image, resembling Lord Shiva found.
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Diamabad
● On left bank of Parvara river, Ahmadnagar district, Maharastra.

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● Southernmost Indus Valley Civilisation site.

Desalpur

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● Kutch, Gujarat.
● Mature Harappan phase remains include massive stone fortification, three seals made of copper, steatite and terracotta.

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● Pottery– Glazed ware.

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Rojdi
● On the northern bank of Bhadar river, Rajkot, Gujarat.

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Ropar
● On bank of Sutlej river, Punjab.
● A steatite seal in Indus script used for authentication of trading goods unearthed.

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Shortugai
● On Oxus river near the Lapis mines in North Afghanistan.
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Sutkagen-dor
● Westernmost known Indus Valley Civilisation site, Baluchistan, region on Makran coast, on the banks of Dasti River.
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Surkotada
● Kutch district, Gujarat. On the banks of Bhaguva river.
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Alamgirpur
● Alamgirpur is an Indus Valley Civilisation that thrived along Yamuna River, is located in Meerut district, U.P.
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● It is the eastern most Indus Valley Civilisation site.

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Lothal
● Near the Gulf of Cambay, Gujarat.

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● It was the only site of Indus Valley Civilisation with an artificial brick dockyard.
● Surrounded by massive brick wall, probably as flood protection.
● Only city of Indus Valley Civilisation with eastern entrance and houses with side entrance.

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Kot Diji

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● On left bank of old flood channels of Indus, Pakistan.

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● Distinctive pottery– A short necked pot with designs like ‘horned deity’, fish scales, pipal leaves.
● Town planning is evident, also large community fireplaces unearthed.
● Evidence suggests site was destroyed by fire.

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● Video lectures covering all parts of ancient history
● Based on R.S. Sharma (Old NCERTs), New NCERTs, Tamil nadu books
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● Cover all Art and Culture topics
● All previous year questions solved
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