Carbohydrates Glucose Sucrose Fructose Lactose Galactose Starch

Gluc + Fruc Gluc + Galac

Molisch (+) Purple ring
(+) for carbs
Fehling’s (+) Brick-red (-) blue soln. (+) Brick-red precipitate (-) blue soln.
(+) for precipitate
reducing
sugars
Barfoed’s (+) Brick-red (-) blue soln. (+) Brick-red (-) blue soln. (+) Brick-red (-) blue soln.
(+) for precipitate precipitate precipitate
reducing
monosacch-
Seliwanoff’s (-) yellow soln. (+) Red soln. (-) yellow soln.
(+) for ketoses Suc gives (+) bc it has Fruc
Iodine (-) NO RXN (yellowish-brown) (+) Blue color
(+) for starch soln.
 Molisch - test for carbs
(+) Purple ring (—)
Barfoed’s - test for reducing monosaccharides
(Heating: 10 mins.)
(+) Red precipitate (—)
Seliwanoff’s - test for ketoses
(Heating: ~1 min.)
(+) Red soln. (—) (+) Red soln. (—)
FRUCTOSE Osazone - to differentiate SUCROSE Iodine - test for starch
(Heating: 10–30 mins.)
Needle-shaped Cotton ball- (+) Blue soln. (—)
; 10 mins. shaped; 20
mins.
GLUCOSE GALACTOSE STARCH LACTOSE Amino Acid
Amino Acids Albumin Valine Phenylala- Tyrosine Trytophan Arginine Cysteine
nine
Ninhydrin (+) Purple soln. (+) Muddy
(+) amino brown soln.
acids (Proline
present)
Biuret (+) Purple (-)
(+) peptide soln.
bonds
Xanthopro- (+) Yellow (-) (+) Yellow (+) Yellow soln. (-)
teic soln. (extended
(+) aromatic heating)
Sakaguchi (-) (+) Red (-)
(+) arginine soln.
Millon (+) Red-pink (-) (+) Red-pink (-)
-Nasse precipitate precipitate
(+) tyrosine
Hopkins (+) Reddish- (-) (+) Reddish- (-)
-Cole violet ring violet ring
(+) trytophan at junction at junction
Lead (+) Brown/ (-) (+) Brown/
Acetate Black Black
(+) w/ sulfur precipitate precipitate
 Ninhydrin - test for amino acids
(Heating: until color change)
(+) Purple soln. (+) Brown
soln.
Xanthoproteic - test for aromatic amino acids Lead Acetate
(Heating: 5 mins.) - sulfur
(Heating: 5
mins.)
(+) Yellow soln. (+) Yellow, (—) (+) Brown/
extended Black
heating precipitate
Millon-Nasse - tyrosine PHENYL- Sakaguchi - test for arginine CYSTEINE
(Heating: 5 mins. / Cooling) ALANINE
(+) Red-pink (—) (+) Red soln. (—)
precipitate
TYROSINE Biuret - test for peptide bonds ARGININE VALINE
(+) Purple (—)
soln.
ALBUMIN Hopkins- Cole
- trytophan
(Waiting: 10
mins.)
(+) Red- violet
ring
TRYTOPHAN